After a while, the AI academic intelligent assistant organized the documents related to Mars transformation and sent them over.
In the printing room, the sound of printing quickly sounded. After waiting for a few minutes, the assistant walked in quickly holding a stack of freshly baked documents that were still steaming.
"Academician Xu, Academician Chang."
After saying hello respectfully, the assistant put the document on the table: "This is the document that was just printed."
With some curiosity, Academician Chang Huaxiang picked up a renovation report from the table and started reading it.
The document Xu Chuan sent was not a modification report instructions, but a report that recorded various data and information about Mars in detail.
From the meager atmosphere content, element ratio, to the geological environment on the surface of Mars, the carbon dioxide, dry ice, solid ice, water resources contained in the soil, to the scanned structure of the Martian mantle and core, etc.
This document was, without exaggeration, the most detailed information on Mars that he had ever seen.
Of course, this is not the focus of the Mars terraforming report.
The focus is on the problems that may be encountered in the process of Mars transformation listed in this document, as well as some feasible means and theories.
Such as temperature.
The extremely cold environment of Mars is a major obstacle to terraforming.
Because it is farther from the sun than the Earth, and the thinner atmosphere on the surface of Mars is difficult to absorb and preserve a large amount of radiation from the star, the average temperature on its surface is minus 65 degrees Celsius.
This temperature is far lower than the existence temperature of liquid water, which makes there almost no water on the surface of Mars under normal circumstances.
In response to this problem, Xu Chuan proposed several theoretically feasible solutions in the document, at least those that can be achieved with the current level of science and technology.
For example, the most common method of raising temperature is the 'increasing greenhouse gases' solution.
As we all know, on the earth, greenhouse gases can retain heat by absorbing and releasing infrared radiation, so that the ecological environment on the earth can maintain a temperature suitable for the survival and development of life.
Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by a large number of human industrial activities since industrialization have raised the earth's temperature by at least 3-5 degrees Celsius compared to the 19th century.
The temperature in cities is much higher than that in rural areas. In addition to the various problems caused by the urban heat island effect, high concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are also responsible for the increase in temperature.
Last year, the Xinghai Research Institute and the Jinling Government launched the 'Super City Renovation Project' in the city, which reduced the carbon dioxide concentration in the city center by deploying porous liquefied DAC carbon dioxide traps on 100-meter-high buildings, and to a certain extent.
Promoting the flow of air to create a city suitable for human habitation is at its core based on reducing greenhouse gases in urban centers.
It's just that greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide that must be reduced by every means on Earth will be increased during the transformation process when put on Mars.
Some people may say, wouldn't it be great to directly collect the carbon dioxide on the earth and transport it to Mars?
In theory, this is indeed a feasible approach.
However, to transform a planet, even if the diameter of Mars is only about 6,800 kilometers, which is about half that of the Earth, the amount of atmosphere required is still a number that is too terrifying for ordinary people to imagine.
The total mass of the Earth's atmosphere exceeds 6,000 trillion tons. If you want to cover Mars with the atmosphere, even considering the thickness that Mars' own gravity and magnetic field can constrain, the atmosphere required is at least 2,000 trillion tons.
Transferring the atmosphere from other planets to Mars to form an atmosphere is almost impossible with modern technology.
Based on this, in his report on Mars transformation, Xu Chuan proposed several other different solutions.
For example, the core one is to stimulate the rich carbon dioxide, methane and water resources (water vapor) contained in the Martian soil to enhance the Martian surface atmosphere.
On Earth, these three gases are the most common greenhouse gases, and each can absorb and release infrared radiation to increase temperature.
Then put it on Mars, these gases can also play a similar role on Mars.
Although the atmosphere of Mars itself is very weak, only about one percent that of Earth. However, according to their detection on Mars during this period, they found that the soil of Mars contains a large amount of carbon dioxide and water resources from ancient times.
If we can find a way to excite the atmosphere in the soil on the surface of Mars, theoretically speaking, we can make up for the scarcity of the Martian atmosphere to a certain extent.
The biggest problem is how to excite greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor in the soil on the surface of Mars.
After all, for current humans, a planet, even a planet like Mars, which is relatively small in the solar system, is so large that it is almost impossible to shake it with current technology.
Of course, there is no way to do it.
Such as nuclear weapons!
As early as 2015, SpaceX founder Elon Musk proposed a radical idea.
That is, by detonating nuclear weapons over the north and south poles of Mars, the high temperature generated by the nuclear bombs will melt the solid glaciers at the north and south poles of Mars to release a large amount of greenhouse gases, thereby rapidly increasing the surface temperature of Mars.
Although this idea is theoretically feasible, its practical difficulty and potential ecological risks make it a controversial plan.
But on Xu Chuan's side, his ideas are even more radical.
That’s right!
Among the plans to modify the atmosphere of Mars, the second plan is to use large-scale nuclear weapons to carry out a comprehensive saturation strike on the surface of Mars.
Of course, in this plan, even a coverage strike requires locations and detection inspections.
For example, the North and South Poles contain a large amount of adsorbed clay, former marine relics, and other places containing a large amount of carbon dioxide and water resources, which are key targets.
Explode these places and use the high temperature and pressure generated by the nuclear explosion to stimulate carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor in the Martian soil.
In addition, the shock wave generated by the nuclear bomb will also stir up soil, forming a thick layer of dust on the surface of Mars.
These cloudy dust will spread throughout the planet along with Martian storms, rapidly increasing the temperature of the Martian surface in a short period of time.
Theoretically, this is indeed one of the feasible solutions.
And whether it is feasible, we can also conduct a "nuclear test" by searching for the surface of Mars full of carbon dioxide, detonating one or several nuclear bombs, and testing how many tons of gas and dust can be stimulated after the explosion, how wide the impact is, and so on.
A preliminary experiment is enough to bring them a large amount of data to determine whether the plan of the paper is feasible and so on.
The only problem is that it would require a massive increase in humanity's current stockpile of nuclear weapons.
With the current number of nuclear bombs in various countries, even if they were all hit on the surface of Mars, it would only scratch Mars.
Of course, this is the second option.
In this report, the first plan to transform the Martian atmosphere is far more radical than the second plan.
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