Chahanhot, the current "capital" of "Great Mongolia".
This is also a city, an earthen city. This city is not too big, only a little bit better than Tuotuo City, and certainly not as good as Dabansheng City, nor as good as Guihua City.
But it is still the capital of the Great Mongolia, because the Khan of the Great Mongolia, Zasaktu Khantumen, is stationed here, and the Chahar tribe, known as the "Central Chahar Ten Thousand Households", is also here.
's guardian.
Regarding the meaning of "Chahar", according to Mongolian literature, "Chahar" is an ancient Turkic language, meaning "guard of the Khan's palace", and its full name is "Haochen Chahan'er". Its name in Mongolia
The origin is that Genghis Khan's youngest son Tolei and his wife instigated the people of Luheteni.
Chahar should be said to be a very special part among the Mongolian tribes. His subordinate body began with Genghis Khan's establishment of the Qixue Army, which is the standing imperial guard. After the death of the Qixue system, it was established in Dayan in the Northern Yuan Dynasty.
During the Khan period, the Great Khan's bodyguards, namely the Chahar tribe, were established. In the original history, after Lin Dan Khan failed to resist the Jin Dynasty, the Chahar tribe dispersed and declined.
Genghis Khan's Qixue Army was a gathering of the best of the Mongolian nation at that time. According to Genghis Khan's will, they were selected from the sons of the heads of ten thousand households, the heads of thousands of households, the heads of hundreds of households, and the sons of free men with good conduct, strong martial arts, and dignified appearance.
The Great Khan protects his own army composed of people. In the war, the Qixue army has extremely strong combat effectiveness and is the mainstay of Genghis Khan's army. It is strong and strong, capable of attacking and invincible. It helped Genghis Khan unify all Mongolian tribes and lead the Western Expedition.
La Zimo, conquered Xixia in the south, and Jin established immortal achievements.
Although the Qixue system has long since passed away, the spirit of the Qixue army has long become an important part of the core spirit of Mongolian culture. It was inherited and carried forward by the Great Khan's Guards established by Dayan Khan. This is how the Central Chaharwan was established.
The emergence of households. The great Khans of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, Tuo Tuo Bu Hua, Mandulu, Dayan Khan, etc., all directly ruled over thousands of households in Chahar.
In the early years, after the Mongolian Western Expedition, the Chahar tribe was originally stationed in the Altai Mountains. Later, Dayan Khan reunified the various Mongolian tribes and divided the princes to rule sixty thousand households on the left and right wings. At that time, Dayan Khan was stationed in Chahar.
He is the head of the 30,000 households on the left wing and controls all Mongolia.
The Great Khan directly commanded the Chahar households. Therefore, the Chahar tribe became the orthodox suzerain tribe and the center of the Mongolian tribes. Its Khan was the "co-lord" of the Mongolian tribes. The Chahar lords were hereditary to Mongolia.
Since then, there have been six major Khans in the original history.
In the late Ming Dynasty, due to the continuous internal strife of the Tumote tribe, the Chahar tribe once dominated Monan. After the rise of the Later Jin Dynasty, Nurhaci adopted force attacks and political co-optation to divide and disintegrate the Mongolian tribes. The Chahar tribe
Aohan, Naiman and other tribes of Huhu successively surrendered to Houjin. When Nurhachi went south, Lindan Khan of Chahar fought a life-and-death battle with him until Lindan Khan was defeated and died in Dacaotan, Gansu.
The following year, his son Erke Kongol Ezhe led his troops to surrender under the siege of Hou Jin. From then on, the orthodox khan power of Mongolia was seized by the Jurchens, and the Mongolians all over the world did not have their own great khan.
At present, the Mongols still don't know their "future" situation, and they don't have much respect for their own nation's Great Khan Tumen Khan, and they don't even have much goodwill. Including the Inner and Outer Khalkha tribes who are nominally obedient to Tumen Khan,
In fact, they often violated his will.
As for Tumut, it goes without saying that the Chahar tribe would not have moved eastward if it had not been for fear of annexation by Anda.
It was not until the fourth year of Wanli that Tumen Khan used the "Five Rulings" system to slightly establish the authority of the Great Khan. By the way, I was disgusted and had to send his eldest grandson Zalik to Chahanhot to do that.
The so-called governance.
That year, Tumen Khan convened all the households in Eastern Mongolia to formulate the "Tumen Khan Code", which was promulgated throughout Mongolia, and ordered Amudai Hongtaiji (Ming translated as Laughter, called Laughter) of the households in Chahar on the left to
The pull of the five-person governing council in accordance with the law.
This move was intended to reunify Mongolia and restore the power of the Great Khan. Therefore, Tumen Khan was honored as Zasaktu Khan.
But, that's all. The five rulers in Chahanhot are just doing so much. In fact, there are not many things that require them to "govern".
In fact, if you think about it, you will know that the Mongolian habit, whether words work or not, first depends on the size of the fist. Among the five rulers, only the big-headed ones came from Chahar. The tribes of the other four are thousands of miles away, so they can't borrow them at all.
, speaking naturally will have no effect.
Over time, the other four leaders basically just collected their salaries in name, eating and waiting to die in Chahanhot.
As for the hairy head, he was born in the Keshiketeng tribe, one of the eight camps (eight tribes) of Chahar. This tribe was first owned by Oqirborot, the sixth son of Dayan Khan, and later became a hereditary tribe.
.
The grazing land of the Keshiketeng tribe is about 2,500 miles away from the border wall of Jizhou. It can be seen that this tribe is probably at the northernmost of the grazing lands of thousands of households in Chahar.
"Keshike" also means "Qixue", here it means "on duty", and Keshiketeng means "person on duty". Therefore, this Keshiketeng department is the guard duty unit, divided into classes
They are on duty in turns. The members of the guard force come from the heads of thousands of households and the children of the heads of thousands of households. They have heavy tasks and high pay.
By the way, this Keshiketeng tribe was loyal to all the great khans of the Northern Yuan Dynasty. In the original history, after Ezhe Kongguoer paid the gold, Sharaleda, a descendant of Genghis Khan, led the tribe to pay the gold and became the last one in Monan.
A tribe that brings gold.
Since he is loyal, the nature of Naomao Da's job among the five rulers is obvious: he is the spokesperson of the Great Khan.
For example, in today's meeting of the five ruling powers, the big-headed task is to try to get the Tumen Khan to obtain the legal name to march westward to Tumut.
Logically speaking, as the Great Khan of all Mongolia, it should be reasonable and legal for Tumen to go to any place in Mongolia. Even if he has to take care of the face of the local lord, it should only require the consent of Zalik, who is here to represent Tumut.
, he can go to Tumut.
But it's not.
If you look at the regions represented by the five consuls, you will know that, except for Chahar's Naomao Da and Khalkha's Subahai, the other three representatives of Tumut, Ordos, and Yongshebu are all from right-wing Mongolia.
, before I died, they were all people who listened to my greetings.
But now, after Yongxiebu left a small number of his followers with Xin Ai, he has gone to Qinghai, which is thousands of miles away from Chahar. It is impossible for them to be afraid of Tumen, but because they want to fight with Wala
When fighting with other troops, they must win the support of Tumut - because Tumut controls the mutual market and is their source of supply of various materials except cattle, sheep and horses, and cannot be offended at all.
As for Huang Taiji, Qieji of Ordos, as I said before, he is Anda's great-nephew and the main figure who advocated for Ordos to obey Tumut. The reason why he made this choice is that Anda is powerful and prestigious, and secondly
This is also because the power of mutual trade is in the hands of Tumut.
I have analyzed the situation in the Hetao before. There is a large desert there, and the remaining land cannot be used for anything except grazing. Therefore, Ordos now needs Ming supplies more urgently than Tumut, who owns Fengzhou Tan. Relatively speaking,
It is said that if there is no mutual market in Tumut, the population may drop by one-third, and Monan's hegemony may be lost. But if there is no mutual market in Ordos, then everything will be missing except cattle, sheep, and horses.
They have been trading with each other for more than ten years, and it's like they have become accustomed to walking on the high road. If they try to walk on the narrow road again, it will be difficult to move forward.
So when Zalik made a request to invite Tumen Khan to lead his troops to Tumut to "quell the rebellion", the two rulers of Ordos and Yongshebu, Huang Taiji and Huo Luochi, immediately expressed their opposition, believing that the Great Khan should not
It is not allowed to lead troops into other tribes, no matter what the name is.
Of course the big brains representing the Chahar Ministry supported the Great Khan in going to Tumut to "quell the rebellion", so now the five-ruling conference has a two-to-two tie.
At this time, Khalkha's Subahai became the decisive force.
Subahai came from the Taining tribe in Neikalka and had always been an effective accomplice of the Tumen in their invasion of the Ming Dynasty. It stands to reason that he should support the Tumen.
However, when it was Su Bahai's turn to speak, Su Bahai said expressionlessly: "I am opposed to it too."
Naomao Da immediately opened his eyes and asked subconsciously: "What? Are you against it? What are you against?" For a moment, he thought he had understood it wrong.
Su Bahai was indifferent to Big Brain's surprise, and said again seriously: "I am against the Great Khan going to Tumut." He looked at Lalik, who had a deep frown on his brow, and stroked his beard and said: "Tumute's matter
, Tumut households should resolve it themselves... When did Altan ask us to take care of Tumut's affairs?"
Altan is Anda, and Anda naturally would not let others interfere with Tumote's affairs. He was the only one who interfered with other family affairs.
Although this sentence had some meaning, both Huang Taiji and Huo Luochi nodded their heads in agreement.
Naomao said angrily: "Suddenly, are you confused?"
"I'm very awake." Su Bahai closed his eyes, leaned back slightly, and said calmly: "Instead of intervening in Tumut's family affairs, I would rather go to Liaodong to grab a hand... I got a tip, Ming
People are hoarding supplies in Shanhaiguan. Judging from the scale, this batch of supplies is very large. I think it must be transported to Liaodong. If we can get it, this batch of supplies will be enough for us for several years."
Tumen Khan, who was sitting in the upper room and watching the meeting, did not expect that the meeting would soon change sides and announced the adjournment of the meeting with an ugly look on his face.
Returning to his "palace", Tumen Khan's face was livid, and his eyes were bloodshot with anger. He immediately followed in and asked cautiously: "Khan, what's going on with this old fox Su Bahai?
Why did he oppose the Great Khan's westward march to Tumut? Did someone bribe him?"
"No one bribed him, he was just making his own little calculations. Huh, this short-sighted guy!" Tumen Khan gritted his teeth and said: "He is just afraid that if I can go to Tumut today, I can go to Karkar tomorrow.
Well, then he will no longer be dependent on me, but will have no choice but to take refuge in me! None of these people take the interests of all Mongolia seriously!"
The truth is good, but... this is a chronic disease of Mongolia. It has been like this since Genghis Khan. The enfeoffment system can only cause division, but cannot lead to unification. Later, Dayan Khan unified again, and the result was enfeoffment again...
If we must say that Dayan Khan's unification has any significance, it is probably the abolition of the Taishi system. From then on, the enfeoffment will basically only be divided into the Jin family and the Boljin family. This can be regarded as eliminating the opportunity for powerful officials with foreign surnames to take power.
Bar.
But in fact, isn’t Dayan Khan the person who caused “Taiji to be as numerous as dogs and lords to roam all over the land”? Who knows how many descendants of Genghis Khan there have been over the past few hundred years. Although there are many clans in the Ming Dynasty, at least they still have a lot of descendants.
Just to support and support the descendants of the Jin family in Bo'er, all of them need to be enfeoffed, and they all need to be members of the tribe and the grassland.
Making small calculations? Isn’t that a matter of course?
I am only the master of one department, not the master of all Mongolia. You want me to consider all Mongolia? It is not impossible, then you first let me take charge of the Great Khan.
Naomao sighed loudly: "I thought he was just greedy and really took a look at the batch of supplies at Shanhaiguan."
Tumen waved his hand: "That reason may not be entirely false. Ben Khan also received a tip-off that both Jizhen and Liaodong were counting supplies and hoarding supplies... Don't tell me, this is really a bit of a...
strangeness."
Naomao Da asked in surprise: "Is it true that a large amount of supplies are going to be sent to Liaodong? Khan, is the news about Shanhaiguan that Su Bahai received near Shanhaiguan true?"
"So what if it's true?" Tumen sighed: "Now is not the time of the first year of Longqing. It will not be easy to be like that back then... Qi Jiguang and Li Chengliang are both difficult to deal with."
Speaking of what happened in the first year of Longqing, Da Naomao couldn't help but sigh and said: "It's so satisfying to think back on such a big victory back then."
What they both talked about has a lot to do with the changes in Jizhen's defense level over the years.
In the past, in the early spring of the forty-third year of Jiajing, Tumen Khan's attack on Shanhaiguan and other passes failed. Three years later, in the first year of Longqing, he finally succeeded. In the late autumn of this year, Tumen Khan's 100,000 troops demolished the Ming army in Heling and other places.
Twenty-nine sections of the Great Wall that were either neglected or simply undefended broke through the Jielingkou Gate and captured Taitou Camp in one fell swoop.
After that, the Mongolian army divided its troops and went to Funing, Lulong, Changli, Leting and other counties, burning, killing and looting everywhere, and tried to capture and destroy Changli County. Changli County was besieged for four days, and the soldiers and people of Changli held on desperately to prevent it from falling.
In just a few days, more than 12,500 Li people were killed in Changli, Funing, Lulong, Leting and other counties.
After hearing the news, the imperial court urgently dispatched Wang Zhidao, then the commander-in-chief of Liaodong, to lead troops into Shanhaiguan, and together with the troops commanded by Li Shizhong, the commander-in-chief of Jizhen, intercepted and killed the Mongolian troops invading the border from the east and west, and sent Wei Xuezeng, the governor of Liaodong at the time, to
Settled in Shanhaiguan to guard.
A few days later, the Mongolian army broke through in the direction of Yiyuankou, where they demolished sixteen more places of the Great Wall and fled.
However, they were a bit unlucky. When they fled to Bangchui Cliff, they got lost in the heavy fog, their horses stumbled, and many of them fell into the deep gorge.
At that time, the new emperor came to the throne, and it happened that Xu Jie began to suppress Gao Gong within the court. However, Xu Jie was just a bureaucrat who had a way of fighting for power and had little to do with side affairs. Therefore, there is no need to say more about the combat effectiveness of the Ming army. Therefore.
When there was a real war, many people did not dare to fight, but after the war they fought for the heads of the Mongolian soldiers who fell from the Bangchui Cliff to report their merits.
However, this battle still has a very important significance. It is the first joint operation between Liaodong Town and Jizhen. The interaction between the two towns began from this. The point of convergence that can closely integrate the defense of the two towns is not Shanhaiguan.
No one else.
During the Jiajing period, the Great Wall in Shanhaiguan and its adjacent areas was attacked many times and was in constant danger, so they were repaired one after another, but the architectural pattern did not change significantly. By the Longqing period, after the arrival of Qi Jiguang, the defensive buildings of the Great Wall in this area
Major changes have been made to the facilities.
After Longqing succeeded to the throne, he basically followed Gao Gong's political thinking. In order to change the dangerous situation of Jifu area that was repeatedly invaded, he decided to call Qi Jiguang and Tan Lun, who had made great achievements in fighting Japanese invaders in the south, to organize border defense in the north.
, train border soldiers.
In the summer of the second year of Longqing, under the strong recommendation of Tan Lun, the new governor of Jiliao, the imperial court appointed Qi Jiguang, who had garrisoned in Ji Town several times when he was young, as the governor and the prime minister to train in the three towns of Jizhou, Changping and Baoding.
He served as the local commander-in-chief guarding Jizhou, Yongping, Shanhai and other places.
Therefore, with the support of the imperial court, Qi Jiguang began to vigorously repair the Great Wall fortifications in Ji Town on the basis of reorganizing and training the border troops.
During the Jiajing period, many beacon piers and abutments were built on the Great Wall in the Xuanfu and Datong areas during the renovation, but no piers and abutments were built on the Great Wall in some dangerous areas of Ji Town during the renovation.
Therefore, Qi Jiguang advocated that major changes should be made to the Jizhen Great Wall when it was renovated: first, the original side walls should be heightened and thickened, crenels should be set up on both sides of the wall, and heavy walls should be built in extremely important areas;
A hollow enemy tower was built on the line as a defensive fortress for the border troops to garrison.
Prior to this, small masonry platforms were built along the Great Wall in Ji Town, but there was no close connection between the platforms, and the platforms were very small, making it difficult to shelter soldiers and store weapons and equipment, so they were of little use in actual combat.
Qi Jiguang decided to "build high platforms and build huts to house firearms" and decided the location and form of the enemy towers based on the terrain.
He believes that the distance between enemy towers should be based on the topography, whether close or far. In critical areas, build one tower at tens of steps or 100 steps, and in secondary areas, build one tower at 140, 50 or 200 steps. The two towers correspond to each other.
Cooperate.
At the same time, an enemy platform that is useful in actual combat should generally be three to four feet high, with a surrounding area of 12 to 17 to 17 feet; the platform base should be built with huge stones or bricks, the same height as the side walls, protruding about one and a half feet outward, and about one and a half feet inward. It protrudes more than half a foot; the platform is divided into three levels, with a void in the middle, arrow windows on all sides, and crenellations on the upper level.
There are 3 to 50 troops stationed on each platform, and necessary equipment and provisions are stored. Under the enemy platform, there are also garrison troops to cooperate with the defenders on the platform to prevent the enemy from breaking down the wall and invading.
At that time, Gao Gong had returned to the court and the financial situation of the court began to improve, so he adopted Qi Jiguang's suggestion. However, because the finances had just begun to improve, he could not invest too much, so he reduced the number of enemy towers that should be built from 3,000 to 3,000. More than 1,000 seats.
Qi Jiguang and Tan Lun mobilized soldiers and began the project of overhauling the Great Wall. By the fifth year of Longqing, 1,017 enemy towers had been built, and the Great Wall along the way was repaired as appropriate. At that time, the Shanhaiguan area also underwent major renovations under the personal auspices of Governor Tan Lun. Construction work was carried out, and many enemy towers were built on both sides of the Great Wall at Shanhaiguan, especially Jiaoshan and Houjiaoshan.
Qi Jiguang guarded Ji Town, trained troops and horses, renovated the Great Wall, and built enemy towers. In addition, Gao Pragmatic provided him with a new firearm illustration at that time. Although there was no Jinghua military industry, Qi Jiguang built it himself, which also improved the defense capabilities of Shanhaiguan area. It was greatly strengthened, so that the Mongolian cavalry who came to invade no longer dared to attack the city easily.
As mentioned before, Gao Gong's northern border defense idea was "West to Huai East", so while allowing Qi Jiguang to overhaul the Great Wall in Ji Town, he also used the incident of surrendering Han Naji as an opportunity to complete the Anda tribute.
After that, although Tumen Khan and some troops from the Ulliang Hadoyan tribe still went to Shanhaiguan and some Great Wall passes adjacent to Shanhaiguan to spy on and invade, the dense enemy towers in this area made it difficult for them to get much advantage.
Chang'ang and Dong Fox of the Duoyan Guards, whose main activities were outside the Great Wall in Ji Town, led troops to invade Jielingkou and Taolingkou respectively in the first year of Wanli. They were both defeated by the Ming army led by Qi Jiguang and were pursued. In the third year of Wanli, Chang'ang's uncle and Dong Hu's younger brother Changtu attacked Dongjiakou, but was captured alive by the Ming army sent by Qi Jiguang to pursue and intercept him.
Chang'ang, Dong Hu and others had no choice but to release Chang Tu, promised not to invade the border, and restored the mutual tribute and trade relationship with the Ming Dynasty. Tumen Khan's Duoyan tribe, which he had finally obtained, began to be distant from him again, and he was so angry that he was in Cha Hanhot cursed for several days, and no one around him dared to approach him easily.
Anda Khan reconciled with the Ming Dynasty, and Uliangha's Duoyan Guards did not dare to invade the border again. The main hostile force of the imperial court was the Tumen Khan tribe that invaded Liaodong.
At that time, Qi Jiguang gradually focused on guarding Jizhen in the Shanhaiguan area, mainly guarding Shanhaiguan, based on the principle of "West Huaidong Zhi".
In the twelfth lunar month of the sixth year of Wanli, the cavalry of Tumen Khan's tribe once again swarmed in and attacked Nanhaikou and Sieryu in Shanhaiguan.
Qi Jiguang commanded the troops to repel these Mongolian cavalry and rescued more than 2,000 men and women who had been looted by the Mongolian army.
At that time, Qi Jiguang saw that after the sea ice at Nanhaikou in winter, it was easy for Mongolian cavalry to rush through from the seaside, so he sent his generals to build a stone city into the sea at Nanhaikou the next year to make up for this defensive loophole.
In the seventh year of Wanli, that is, in the winter when the Nanhai Port of the Shanhaiguan Great Wall entered the sea and the stone city was built, Tumen Khan once again led 40,000 Mongolian cavalry from Jinchuan Camp (later Jin County, Liaoning) to invade Liaodong Town.
Qi Jiguang, who had learned about the military situation in advance (the Duoyan Ministry reported on it), sent troops from Shanhaiguan and fought twice with Tumen Khan's troops at Gou'er River and Shihedou, forcing Tumen Khan to withdraw his troops hundreds of miles away.
This battle changed the situation in which the Ming army stationed outside Shanhaiguan had been passively beaten for many years, and further strengthened the integration of the defense of Ji Town and the defense of Liaodong Town, highlighting the important military position of Shanhaiguan between the defense areas of Ji Town and Liaodong Town.
After the war, Qi Jiguang, who had been promoted to the title of Taibao of the Crown Prince, and the Governor of the Left, was promoted to the title of Shaobao for his meritorious service in aiding the Liao Dynasty.
What Tumen said, "It's not easy to be like it was back then," was referring to this situation.
Because of this, even if he, like Su Bahai, learned that a large amount of supplies from Shanhaiguan might be shipped to Liaodong, he was not too tempted.
But now it seems that Subahai is really tempted.
Tumen Khan, the Great Khan of Mongolia, had a headache for a while.
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Thanks to book friends "The Little Man Making Houses" and "Sitting at the Door of the Tavern" for their monthly support. Thank you! By the way, I found that once I write about plots that are not hot historical topics, my subscriptions will drop. I actually think about this.
It's quite strange. Is it really that enjoyable to watch the poorly written Boar Skin? Isn't it good to watch an unfamiliar but actually very crucial plot?
