A rather novel combination came out of Bifang's mouth.
Poisoning a black bear?
[What kind of thing is poisoning? Ah]
[The fact that Boss Fang is an alien can finally be hidden?]
[One thing to say, compared to aliens, I believe that Lao Fang has undergone some kind of surgery and installed poison glands (funny)] [I know, being bitten by a spider turns into a 400-year-old aunt!]
[I don’t ask anything else, I just want to know where this venom comes from. I’m very curious and want to know (dog head)]
"How could it be that I was the one producing the venom? Of course I was using it." Bi Fang choked after being barraged, and Yuyu felt much better. Netizens can always bring joy.
Wilderness survival with an audience and without an audience are completely different things.
At least you won't feel lonely when you are alone in the forest, and it may even bring you a little happiness.
When wilderness survival skills reach a certain level, what people are fighting more against is not the issue of survival, but themselves.
Walking deep into the forest, Bi Fang continued to introduce: "In nature, in order to survive, various animals have evolved different survival strategies, either to hunt for food or to protect themselves. Especially poisonous snakes, with their venom,
Almost everyone can make a big difference out of something small.
In nature, body size is almost a superior-subordinate relationship, but venom can allow animals to overtake and reverse this rule.
"However, the poisonous species should be the ones that scare humans the most, because most of the venoms not only cause extreme pain, but we also know very little about them, so they are inexplicably fearful."
All behaviors of animals and plants on the earth can be explained by: survival and reproduction.
The reason why animals and plants have evolved toxicity is actually to survive and reproduce better.
"According to the second law of thermodynamics, in an isolated system,
"D-
_1=The system will gradually move from order to disorder, which is the process of entropy increase.
Process. For example: if an apple falls on the ground, it will gradually rot."
"If living things want to survive, they first need to fight against the increase in entropy, and the intake of energy can maintain the original low-entropy state, such as eating.
"All living things on the earth must rely on energy to survive, but different living things use energy in different ways. Plants use solar energy, herbivores use plants, and carnivores use herbivorous energy.
Meat."
Energy flows along the chain of solar energy - plants - herbivores - carnivores, and it is precisely because of this that such a complex biological chain is formed on the earth.
But theory is theory, and every living thing is not willing to give up the energy it has finally obtained to others.
"As for plants, due to the limitations of their cell walls, plants cannot move freely. In addition, plants cannot fight back. They can only avoid herbivore attacks by evolving thorns, toxicity, etc.
"Herbivores have more ways to avoid predators. They can evolve faster running speeds, sharper monocular vision, thicker skin, etc. to avoid predators' attacks. But there are also some herbivores that will
Evolved venom to fight natural enemies.
"There are also some animals that have evolved venom for hunting, such as venomous snakes. When they hunt, they will first spray venom on the opponent, wait for the opponent to be poisoned and die, and then come to eat the opponent."
It is precisely because animals and plants need to better avoid natural enemies and hunt better that there are so many toxic animals and plants in nature.
If the predator and the prey are regarded as the hunter and the prey, then there will always be an arms race between the hunter and the prey.
Both sides are constantly adapting to each other.
At this point, Bifang's meaning is already obvious.
[Are you looking for plants or animals?]
[Poisonous plants are hard to find, right? There are also blood-throat trees here?]
"There are many poisonous plants in Japan, but in terms of hunting, plant toxins are often not as useful as biological toxins, like cycads," Bi Fang explained.
Cycad is a common and highly poisonous plant in southern Japan. In fact, it is not uncommon. It is the "iron tree" that many people have seen. What many people don't know is that this plant is highly toxic. It is the oldest existing seed on the earth.
Plants, the famous "living fossil" plants.
Its origins can be traced back to about 300 million years ago, reaching its peak during the Jurassic era, when it once dominated the entire earth together with dinosaurs.
"Cows eating the seeds can cause paralysis and are neurotoxins. Eating too much can cause death, but it is not enough to deal with black bears.
When using toxins, most of them are smeared, then attacked, and enter the opponent's blood.
The biggest feature is that it must be highly toxic, have quick effects, and be able to cause maximum damage with the minimum amount.
To talk about toxins without talking about dosage is to be a rogue. The cycad toxin infection caused by several wounds is of no use at all, and the onset of effect is also slow. When it takes effect, the bear burps.
"Just like there are only a few people who see the blood-throated tree, but most poisonous animals can kill prey of the same size with one blow. The only useful plants that can be found in Japan are castor and water hemlock. The former is not even interesting.
The effect of the latter is pretty good, and Childbirth is listed as the most toxic plant in North America, so it can be used as a backup.”
The toxin of water hemlock is very strong, and the whole plant contains hemlock. This toxin can damage the central nervous system, causing epilepsy and eventual death in those who accidentally eat it.
In addition, the effect of poisonine is similar to that of curare, which can paralyze motor nerves and inhibit the medulla oblongata center. It has quick effects and is listed as a candidate by Bi Fang.
However, what he wanted to find more was snakes.
Plant toxins are used for defense and make herbivores afraid of them. Only snake venom is used for offense, and the direction of evolution is also towards Bifang's needs.
After all, they are all hunting, and the requirements are exactly the same.W
"Japan's humid climate provides a habitat for as many as 47 species of snakes, but only eight of them live on the four islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, and there are only two venomous snakes here."
"One is a Japanese pit viper, and the other is a tiger-necked snake. Due to the size of the black bear, we don't need toxins to kill it directly. As long as it has an obvious paralysis effect, it will be effective. What I want to find most
, which is the tiger-spotted snake."
The amount of venom of the tiger-necked snake is very low, with an average venom of 11.8 mg. The venom components are mainly metalloproteinases, thrombin, etc. However, the intravenous toxicity is very strong, with a intravenous LD50 of 0.265 mg/kg, which exceeds that of most viperidae venoms.
Viper, when most people hear its name, they think of it as highly venomous. It is more poisonous than most of the Viperidae family, which is evident.
However, because the tiger-necked snake has fangs in the posterior groove, and whether it is a venomous snake has triggered many people's discussions.
Because there are no ducts connecting its fangs and venom glands, it is difficult to inject venom. When actually injecting venom, its venom delivery system will be very wasteful. In addition, it has a docile personality, so most people who are bitten by tiger spots have mild symptoms, which is quite rare.
things.
Before 2008, they were not even considered venomous snakes in China.
But even so, there have been several fatal bites from tiger-necked snakes in Japan.
"But it doesn't matter. I extracted it artificially and will not let it go to waste. And during the earthquake yesterday, there were actually many venomous snakes coming down from the mountain. At that time, I saw a guy who looked like a tiger-necked snake, but at that time
Once you find jade, you don't have time to catch it."
Reptiles are very sensitive to earthquakes. At least a dozen snakes passed by Bifang's sight at that time, but they were all eager to escape and did not pose any threat.
"We are going to take a look over there now to see if we can find it, and it mainly preys on small vertebrates, such as frogs and toads. It likes to live in places with lush aquatic plants, and is in the same place with water hemlock. What we are looking for
Actually they are two different things."
Bi Fang walked in the direction he remembered and soon discovered a small stream in the valley. The next step was to search along the small stream.
During this period, the tiger-spotted neck groove was not found, but two intertwined abdominal chain snakes were found, which are non-venomous snakes.
Without wasting any time, Bi Fang picked up the loving couple and prepared them for today's lunch, and then searched for them. Finally, Bi Fang found the target in the middle of a small pond.