Chapter 317 0312 [Water-based physics should be taught]
"Don't make any noise!"
Ju Ming glanced at the students, then looked at Lu Wei, and asked: "If the nature of water is compared to human nature, what is the nature of water?"
Lu Wei said: "The nature of water is bad."
"Water flows to lower places, is it really watery?" Ju Ming asked, "After boiling, water vapor evaporates and rises, so why doesn't it go to lower places?"
Lu Wei said: "The rise of water vapor is caused by heat. Just like scooping water and pouring it upward, the force is upward, but it will eventually fall. When the water vapor is cold, it will also fall."
Ju Ming asked again: "Mercury also flows to lower places, and molten iron also flows to lower places. Since water is used to compare human nature, why can't mercury and molten iron be compared to humans?"
Lu Wei said: "Mercury and molten iron also have the word "water". You can think of it. The fact that they flow to lower places is also caused by their water nature."
"What about oil?" Zhu Ming asked, "Oil is incompatible with water, wouldn't it also be watery?"
"Um……"
Lu Wei was at a loss for words and didn't know how to respond.
Ju Ming chased and beat him: "Oil will go down. Why can't oily nature be compared to human nature?"
Lu Wei began to think seriously.
Ju Ming also said: "This paragraph of "Mencius" is contradictory to the next paragraph. Mencius said that white feathers and white snow are both white, and white dogs and white cows are also white. But the nature of white dogs cannot be said to be white.
The nature of a cow. The nature of a white cow cannot be said to be the nature of a white man. What Mencius said is that we cannot regard commonality as individuality. If this is the case, why did Mencius compare the nature of water to human nature?"
Not only Lu Wei was confused, but the students in the classroom were also confused.
Because of the context of Mencius, he is slapping himself in the face. This is difficult for others to detect. It is a common tactic in debates to introduce the topic into one's default position.
Ju Ming smiled: "White dogs, white cows, and white people are all white, and they have this in common. But dogs eat shit, cows eat grass, and people eat grain. Of course they are different. Mencius said that the goodness of human nature is like water. But human nature
It’s human nature, and water is water, so how can we use it as an analogy?”
"Mencius' original intention was to refute Gaozi. Because Gaozi compared the nature of water to human nature, Mencius refuted it like that."
"If Gaozi did not give an example with water but with oil. When Mencius refuted it, he would definitely say that the goodness of human nature is as good as oil."
"When you are reading, you should not focus on just a few words. You should understand why Mencius said that. Instead of applying Mencius's words to everyone everywhere. It is right here, but it is wrong to apply it everywhere."
Lu Wei no longer dared to say anything casually, but asked: "Do you agree with Gao Zi's words?"
"Why do I agree with Gaozi? What Gaozi said is full of loopholes, so Mencius found it difficult to refute it," Zhu Ming said with a smile, "Gaozi said that food and color are the nature of food. Is food and color really the nature of food and color? Food and color are like
The whiteness of a white dog or a white horse is just an appearance."
"People want to eat in order to fill their stomachs. If they don't eat, they will go hungry. People want to eat in order to reproduce. How can they have descendants if they don't want to be lustful?"
"Fullness and reproduction are sex. Food and sex are just emotions."
"Xingtaiji, emotions are yin and yang. Fullness and reproduction are just like Taichi, which does not differentiate between yin and yang, good or bad. Eating, drinking, marrying and having children are human nature and natural principles. Every meal must be big fish and meat, extravagant and wasteful, see
He insists on marrying a beautiful woman and even covets other people’s wives and concubines. This is evil and human desire.”
Lu Wei thought hard and didn't know how to answer the question, because Mencius himself didn't explain it clearly.
Zhu Ming said to the students: "Confucius only said that human nature is similar and habits are far apart. He did not talk about the good and evil of human nature. Xunzi said that human nature is evil, and Mencius said that human nature is good. In fact, they are the same. Xunzi's original intention is to eliminate evil, and Mencius' original intention is to be good. Different paths lead to the same destination.
That’s it. A few years ago, I wrote about the beginning of the Mongolian people. Their natures are good, their natures are similar, and their habits are far apart. This is to guide children to be kind, but if you really want to study, it is difficult to explain human nature clearly. "
Lu Wei was still reciting the entire "Mencius Gaozi" silently, trying to find the exact evidence for the theory of good nature.
But Zhu Ming stood up: "Today we will talk about why the water property is low. Has anyone read "Tao Yongce·Physics"? Please raise your hand."
In an instant, more than ten people raised their hands.
"Very good," Zhu Ming nodded approvingly, "The water is not the nature of water, and everything is like this. Even birds will fall when they don't flutter their wings. The earth is like a magnet, attracting everything. We might as well call it gravity. Therefore, the water is not the nature of water.
The nature of water is the universal nature manifested by all things. If one day, the earth no longer attracts all things, then the universal nature will be gone."
"Water, oil, mercury, molten iron, molten gold... these flowing objects, let's call them liquids. They flow downwards because of gravity. Their commonality is not that they go down, but that they can flow."
"Water is heated and evaporates into water vapor, and water is cooled and condenses into solid ice. We can make a bold guess as to whether all things have three states? Ice is solid, water is liquid, and water vapor is gaseous."
"Bold speculation, but careful verification. Iron is solid. It can be turned into liquid molten iron when heated. Will it evaporate into iron vapor when heated again? Unfortunately, the existing smelting furnaces do not have such a high temperature. And mercury will boil when heated.
, will also turn into mercury vapor. So if the mercury is cooled enough, can it turn into solid mercury?"
"In any case, we can know that water has three states. Iron already has solid and liquid states, while mercury has liquid and gaseous states..."
Lu Wei was already confused. Wasn't he discussing the good and evil nature? Why did he talk about these things?
Ju Ming continued to lecture: "After talking a lot, we can conclude that the water flowing down is not water-based. It is not even water-based, and it is impossible to compare it to human nature. Water flowing downwards is a common characteristic of all kinds of liquids.
.What is water? It can be condensed into ice or transpired into water vapor. My father made a thermometer, and the temperature at which water condenses into ice is called the condensation point, and the temperature at which water boils into water vapor is called the boiling point..."
Lu Wei couldn't bear it anymore and interrupted: "What's the point of talking about this in the school?"
Ju Ming said: "People's daily use is the way. Isn't steaming steamed buns the same principle? Everyone knows how to steam steamed buns, but they know it but don't know why. Do we, the scholars, have to be ignorant and not discover and analyze it?
What’s the point? Besides, water turns into ice. In ancient times, are there few examples of watering to build ice walls? If a frontline general brought a thermometer to the battlefield and knew the freezing point of water, he would know when to water to build a city!"
Lu Wei wanted to say something more, but he didn't know where to start.
Ju Ming said: "I have lent you a few books. If you want to debate, you should first read my book before talking. If there is something wrong in my writing, feel free to point it out!"
Lu Wei is not very gregarious and prefers to be a practical person. He usually does not even have a communication friend and knows very little about what is happening in the capital.
The content of the Di newspaper is very brief. If you don't know more about it, you won't be able to understand it even after reading it.
For example, when Zhu Ming was in charge of Guizhou, he would only write like this: Cheng Wulang, knowing about the affairs of Hanyuan County, Zhu Ming removed his name and stopped him, and was in charge of Guizhou. In order to arbitrarily discuss the affairs of the government.
What happened, and how did local officials know?
He recommended Lu Wei to be the envoy of Changping, Guangxi, as he was from his hometown and had some relatives. He only reminded Lu Wei that when he came to Guizhou, he should keep a close eye on Ju Ming to prevent this person from causing trouble, but he did not explain the matter clearly at all.
Zhu Ming took out "Tao Yong Ce", "A Brief Meaning of Chapters and Sentences of the Great Learning" and "A Brief Meaning of Chapters and Sentences of the Doctrine of the Mean". Lu Wei knew about the first two books, and they were clearly banned in Di Bao.
He could immediately report to the court that Ju Ming was spreading banned books in Guizhou.
But Lu Wei became more and more curious, what was written in the book?
He asked his entourage to leave with the book in hand, and Lu Wei read "The Great Learning" as he walked. He soon discovered that the book was well annotated, and only "misinterpreted" the meaning of the scriptures in a few places, so it should not be banned.
I spent a few days and briefly read two of them, and also read some of "Tao Yongce".
Although he disagreed with some of the contents, he admired Ju Ming more and more, and at the same time sent someone to find out what Ju Ming had done.
"Public Security" and "Song of Righteousness" were quickly obtained, and Lu Wei was silent after reading them.
Wang Fu's bad deeds are mainly seen in the capital and southeast, and have not yet become a nationwide evil. Even for Guangdong and Guangxi, Wang Fu is still a good prime minister, and has abolished many of Cai Jing's bad policies.
So, is it true that Ju Ming listed Wang Fu as one of the six thieves in the memorial? Lu Wei felt a little confused.
In any case, he did not write a letter to the court to report, and went to listen to Ju Ming's lectures whenever he had time.
By the way, to impeach Cai Yi, Shang Yongzhi and others were left to eat nothing and spend the whole day traveling around instead of doing serious business.
In the Guizhou officialdom where everyone was flat, Lu Wei was quickly isolated by his colleagues. Instead, he had the most contact with Ju Ming.
Late spring.
Bai Sheng came from Yangzhou with a few letters from home.
The content of Zhu Guoxiang's letter, in addition to introducing the three major bases, also briefly talked about the situation in Yangzhou and Jinzhou. Since the Fangla Uprising, the imperial court has increased taxes on various roads in the Sichuan Gorge, and the people of Yangzhou and Jinzhou have become increasingly miserable.
Although the newly arrived Jinzhou magistrates and Tongpan were not as crazy about making money as Li Daochong, they also levied exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes for political achievements and collected money to please the officials on Jingxi Road.
In the entire Hanzhong area, landowners and farmers were the most unlucky, and agricultural miscellaneous taxes became more and more severe.
Corn has been officially listed as one of the in-kind taxes, and a large amount of corn and rice were shipped to Tokyo and Luoyang to suppress the skyrocketing grain prices in the two capitals.
Also, since Zhu Ming was reorganized, the new state and county officials were not so polite to Zhu Guoxiang.
Fortunately, Zhu Guoxiang himself still has an official status, and the local prestige is extremely high, otherwise the three villages will definitely be taxed by Fangtian. Even so, the tax amount of the three villages has also increased, and the amount of food and grain that needs to be paid every year has increased by 40%.
The letters written by Zhang Jinping and Zheng Yuanyi tell about the current situation and remind Ju Ming to pay attention to his health.
Zhang Jinping was pregnant and found out about it on the way. The road to Shu was too rough and tiring, so he didn't take it into consideration when he had missed menstruation. When he walked to Lizhou City, he suddenly fainted and asked a doctor to diagnose and found out that he had a happy pulse. After that, in Lizhou
It took Cheng enough to nurse her baby for two months before her health improved before she could continue traveling, and most of the time she took advantage of pole-skating and boating.
Ju Ming replied to the letters one by one and asked his father to send someone to Tokyo to keep an eye on the court information.
