Zhu Minghao praised the new dynasty and praised the emperor's political clarity, but also because of Zhao Han's correct taste in governing history.
There was a "Shi Tong" in the Tang Dynasty, which was China's first systematic historical theory monograph, but it did not receive due attention through the Song and Yuan dynasties.
It was not until the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty that Lu Shen accidentally came across the manuscript and was deeply shocked by this masterpiece. There were many errors and missing pages in the manuscript. In the thirteenth year of his stay in Jia, Lu Shen finally found the complete Xishu version, so he simplified and revised it into " "Shi Tong Hui Yao".
The publication of "Shi Tong Hui Yao" means that historical research of the times began to flourish. The prosperity of history is also accompanied by the prosperity of practical learning, and the relationship between the two is mutually reinforcing.
Practical learning not only includes mathematics and physics, but also a subset of traditional classics and history. The practical school advocates applying what you have learned. Studying classics and history should not be about searching for chapters and extracting sentences, but to understand the major principles in classics and history. Taking the classics as the basis and history as a mirror, and more Good governance of the country and reform of society. Textual criticism also emerged at this time. The great talent Yang Shen pioneered the trend of textual criticism.
Zhu Minghao in the late Ming Dynasty was the master of textual criticism and pioneered many methods of historical research. Strictly speaking, Zhu Minghao was the theoretical founder of textual criticism in the Qing Dynasty! First, Zhu Minghao opposed curved writing and advocated straight writing. .History books should be written as they should be. They should not be obscured for anyone's sake, nor should they be deliberately smeared, especially when dynasties change. Second, the materials must be credible, the words used should be precise, and the writing should not be ambiguous. When the facts cannot be determined, do not write them too early. Draw a conclusion and leave it to future generations for further research. Third
Zhao Han's attitude towards "History of the Ming Dynasty" made Zhu Minghao feel like a spring breeze.
This emperor did not smear the previous dynasty or Chongzhen. Everything was based on facts. Zhu Minghao thought it was great! Zhu Minghao was called into the palace before the last holiday was over, and saw the emperor who was fishing in the imperial garden. [3" Minister Zhu Minghao , pay homage to His Majesty." "Find a place to sit by yourself."
There was a small horse next to him. Zhu Minghao sat down, picked up the fishing rod, hung the bait and threw it out. Zhao Han smiled and said, "You don't want to see anyone outside."
Zhu Minghao immediately said: "If the king regards his ministers as his brothers and sisters, then his ministers will regard him as his heart and soul. How can the brothers, feet and heart be seen outside?" "You are flattering, I really didn't notice it." Zhao Han couldn't help but smile.
Zhu Minghao is filial and honest, does not take concubines, is not greedy for money, and studies ancient and modern history. He should be a serious scholar. However, on the contrary, he has a wide circle of friends and does not offend anyone. He is willing to flatter anyone. As long as it is not a matter of principle. , even if he didn't like his friends' words and deeds, he never said anything bad to him, he only gave insinuations and reminders. Faced with the emperor's jokes, Zhu Minghao said: "I never say anything that goes against my heart."
Zhao Han said: "Old Wu has been sick and resigned many times, and I can't keep him. From now on, you can take charge of Datong Monthly." Zhu Minghao said, "Your Majesty, I am in charge of history. My ambition is to revise all ancient and modern history books." Once again."
"Which historical books need to be revised?" Zhao Han asked. Zhu Minghao said. "The Book of the Song Dynasty and the Book of the Sui Dynasty are both ridicules of history, and they are not correct. Moreover, both books are not worthy of their names. They are called the Book of the Song Dynasty, but they are not correct." It mixes the affairs of Wu, Jin, Shu, and Wei; it is called "Book of Sui", and also mixes the affairs of Liang, Chen, Qi, and Zhou. If you feel that the history is incomplete, just annotate it like Pei Songzhi did, and don't mess with it. Add something." 6 "Is there anything else?" Zhao Han asked...
Zhu Minghao replied: "Another example is the Book of Southern Qi. In the biography of "Good Government", there are two people who do not need to be included, one person who should not be included, and two people who are not included. There is an appendix "Xiaoyi" which should be changed to "Good Government"
"There is only one person. The history books of the past dynasties, all of which are too numerous to mention, can be revised."
Zhao Han put down the fishing rod and said, "I have also read Qing's history paper, and I generally agree with it, but there are some things that I disagree with." Zhu Minghao's expression became serious, he also put down the fishing rod, and said with cupped hands: "Your Majesty, please correct me."
"When you govern history, you only focus on politics and ignore other things," Zhao Han said seriously. "Food economy, literature, Buddhism, Taoism, and religion are also extremely important. With these in the history books, hundreds of years later, people passed
Only by reading history can we know how much money our ancestors spent to buy a pound of rice, what style of writing was popular in a certain dynasty and a certain generation, and what sects the men and women at that time believed in.
Zhu Minghao said: "Shi Huo Zhi" is naturally important, but literature and Buddhism do not need to be written into history books. History books must be refined. If you want to know the literary style of previous dynasties, just read the articles of previous dynasties, or you may have a special study of articles.
"But the Buddhist teachings are all hereditary and heretical, and are not the canon of the country. The "Shi Lao Zhi" should not be included in the history books."
Zhao Han laughed and said, "The history of literature is also history, and the history of religion is also history. Let's take the Zhengjia period of the Ming Dynasty. Why did the first seven sons suddenly appear? Literary reform suddenly came about? And at the time of literary reform, why did Yangming appear?
"Xinxue and New Neo-Confucianism"
Zhu Minghao was thoughtful, and seemed to have grasped the key point, but he couldn't pierce through a layer of window paper. Anyway, he didn't want to understand, so Zhu Minghao raised his hand and said, "Please enlighten me, Your Majesty."
Zhao Han said: "At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, people's livelihood was declining and the economy was in decline. At the same time, the Yuan Dynasty had suffered for a hundred years, and culture and education were sluggish. Faced with this situation, Ming Taizu and Ming Taizong, their top priority was to expel the Tartars and bring order to the world.
Stability means keeping the people fed and clothed. Not to mention external wars, if we want internal stability, the thoughts of the government and the public must be unified. That is why we need to collect soil from the eight-part article, so we must compile the "Complete Collection of Four Books" and "The Complete Collection of Five Classics".
Some of Mencius' sentences were deleted, and Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism was naturally misinterpreted and fragmented. "This is very true." Zhu Minghao nodded.
Zhao Han continued: "This kind of ideological confinement was conducive to stability in the early Ming Dynasty. On this basis, Emperor Hongwu even came up with a whole set of rules. He deleted some gods and rated them, and denounced some gods as fake
God. Even monks are no longer allowed to eat meat. There is also a village drinking ceremony in towns and villages across the country, and what the common people should do is stipulated. At that time, people were worried, business was not prosperous, and bartering was still happening in the countryside.
Most of the merchants bought and sold goods in neighboring counties, and transportation across provinces relied entirely on the imperial court. Although Emperor Hongwu's rules were strict, people all over the world liked them. Zhu Minghao nodded subconsciously.
Zhao Han continued: "But in the Hongzhi and Zhengde dynasties, these rules were out of date, and the misinterpreted Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism was no longer easy to use. You participated in the compilation of "History of the Ming Dynasty", you can look up the food and goods records at that time,
Is it a boom in industry and commerce? Are a large number of farmers leaving the countryside and moving to the city to make a living? The grain chief system exists in name only, and no one mentions the drinking ceremony in the countryside." "That's true." Zhu Minghao agreed. If you study the past and present, if you discuss history, you will be worthy of all.
Not as good as Yiye!"
Zhao Han said, "Since you want to govern history, then continue to govern. "Datong Monthly" can also be in charge. Specific affairs will be handled by your deputy. You are only responsible for reviewing important articles." "I accept the decree."
What Zhu Minghao is thinking about right now is to go home and write a paper, combine what the emperor just said with his own historical research, and reformulate future historical research methods.
