In the severe winter, people cook hot food. When I was a child, my mother often cooked "gá" in winter. It is a pasta made from coarse grains. Take cornmeal, mix it with white flour in a certain proportion, and put it on the table.
Boil the noodles with boiling water in a basin, then break them into cubes, then cut them into thin slices with a knife and pat them into pieces.
After solidification, smooth the surface, cut into four square cubes like "dice", sprinkle with thin noodles and shake it back and forth in a basin. After shaking well, put it in a pot of boiling water and cook it, take it out, and mix it with chive flowers, sesame paste, etc. while the water is still hot.
Season with it and eat it while it's hot. Eat the fragrant and hot "Zhuohuan" and the cold will disappear without a trace.
Near the end of the New Year, my mother would make a large pot of fried bean paste, let it cool, cover it tightly in the yard, and store it in a low temperature. This is a delicacy often eaten during the Spring Festival.
At that time, there were many people selling snacks on carts and skewers in the alley in winter. My favorite was the kidney bean cake sold by Uncle Chang Er. This was a cake made by wrapping boiled kidney beans in a white cloth. Kidney bean cake
It exudes a refreshing fragrance, which is very good
Eat. There is a stove in neighbor Zhao Tiege's cart. There is a large iron pot on the stove. On the bottom of the pot are sweet potatoes soaked in honey. They are soft, sweet, melt in your mouth, and steaming. They are very popular with children.
our welcome.
In addition to food, winter clothes are also very important in winter. In the old days, every family had to make quilts, cotton-padded clothes and cotton shoes. Wearing home-made cotton clothes is soft and warm. At that time, the technology for making cotton-padded clothes came from mothers.
Taught her daughter step by step. In fact, the girls at home have seen their mothers making cotton-padded clothes and quilts so many times that they almost know how to do it themselves.
Our family also made our own shoes. Every year when winter came, semi-finished shoes of large, medium and small sizes were lined up on the kang, which was very popular. After a series of processes such as attaching the soles and making the uppers, the linings were stuffed.
Take some cotton, smooth it out, and then knock it flat with a small hammer, and you have a pair of cotton shoes.
As the saying goes, "It's warm after the wind and cold after the snow." Once it snows and the temperature drops sharply, each family's stove has to add coal to keep it burning. In the past, ordinary families mainly relied on collecting coal to keep warm, and they had to pay to shake briquettes.
People do it. Old Beijing calls these people "briquet shakers"
"After finding them, they negotiated how much the processing fee would be, and the master mixed the loess, then put in water and started shaking. Their tools were usually a shaking basket, a turning basin and a shovel. They worked neatly, and soon they were done.
The briquettes are ready.
In addition, every household must prepare cotton door curtains to keep out the wind, shabby quilts to cover the cabbage, and butt curtains for children. These are jokingly called the "Three Friends of Winter".
More than fifty years ago, during the "Little New Year" period, many families living in Donghua Market would do "outside work": they would bring semi-finished paper lantern materials from the Beijing Silk Flower Factory and take them home to process them into
Finished product.
At that time, my mother-in-law's family also actively did "outside work" to supplement the family income. After receiving the materials, they assigned tasks to the children. My wife was the younger sister in the family and was responsible for smearing paste on the cardboard. Her brother and sister were responsible for rolling paste.
After finishing the strips, hand them to your mother-in-law to paste the lantern, and the last process of "threading silk and waxing table" is done by
The third sister finished. In this step, the wax stick has the highest requirements. It must be glued flat and not skewed. Once the wax holder is crooked, the candle cannot be lit. With the efforts of the whole family, each one has the shape of a rooster and a little white rabbit.
The lanterns were made. Nowadays, people no longer make paper lanterns. In the winter of that year, people "made paper lanterns".
The experience of "working outside" not only alleviated the family's financial constraints, but also left unforgettable memories for this generation. When I saw the date displayed on the calendar, I knew it was the beginning of winter again. I remember when I was a child, every January in early winter in Beijing
Every household in the city is busy, storing Chinese cabbage and pickling pickles for the winter.
"Stove lining" cleans the chimney. Now Beijing's vegetable market supplies a variety of fresh vegetables all year round. At that time, there was only one vegetable in Beijing in the winter, Chinese cabbage, and each household had to store it by itself. Back then, Chinese cabbage was stored in winter.
At that time, all the hutong streets in Beijing were filled with piles of Chinese cabbage.
If the temperature drops at night, the cabbage pile must be covered with straw curtains and cotton quilts. Chinese cabbage is the only vegetable that every household has throughout the winter. At that time, even the cabbage boxes were reluctant to be thrown away. My family would always throw away the outer vegetables.
banger wash
When it is clean, dry it in the sun, and then eat it when it is green and yellow. When eating this dried vegetable, which looks like "tobacco leaves", soak it in water until soft and then wash it clean before cooking. At that time, stir-fry dishes were not eaten at all.
Pot cooking,
Adding a little bit of oil is almost the same as boiling it with plain water. During the late Cultural Revolution, schools often organized labor in rural areas, and students all lived in the homes of fellow villagers. Once I saw a fellow villager "cooking pig food" (cooking for pigs), and when I heard
My head immediately hurts when I smell the "roasted pig food", because the smell is the same as the sun-dried cabbage I cook at home, which causes a conditioned reflex to give me a severe headache when I smell this smell. It's really too much to eat.
Afraid.
Taking advantage of the opportunity to store cabbage, the family also made a small tank of sauerkraut, a small tank of pickled radish, kohlrabi, and potherb. These pickles can basically be eaten in the coming year. The staple food is of course Bangzi Noodle Steamed Bun. Today's young people hear
It’s unbelievable to hear all this. I really don’t know that in those days, every household had a “bangzi”
It is impossible to be full after eating steamed buns with noodles. These sauerkraut, pickles, and dried vegetables are just to make up for the lack of food. Moreover, the sauerkraut soup is said to be able to cure "gas poisoning", which often happened at that time.
, once someone gets gassed, the old people tell them to drink quickly
Whether a bowl of sauerkraut soup works or not is not known. I remember that one time our neighbor Huang’s eldest brother, Wensheng, was hit by gas. Aunt Huang quickly poured a bowl of sauerkraut soup. At that time, Vincent was in high school, and high school students were considered
He is a very educated man. Brother Wenbin refuses to drink that bowl of pickled cabbage soup.
They said that there was no scientific basis at all and that Aunt Huang was uneducated. At that time, I felt that literate people were different from ordinary people. They spoke politely and appeared to be very literate. Adults like us who didn’t understand anything said anything.
I firmly believe that I have no ability to distinguish at all
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! After every household has stored the Chinese cabbage, they begin to prepare the "stove" and install the chimney. In the past, Beijing families used "briquette stoves" for cooking and heating.
, the earliest "briquette stove" made of iron sheets was used, which could be moved around. Before going to bed at night, the stove had to be moved outdoors, and the fire should be "caged" again the next day. When "caging the fire", the stove must not be fully burned.
The "coal cores" were picked out and continued to be used. Later, a "foreign stove" appeared. This "foreign stove" was made of cast iron. There were two or three rings and a round fire cover on the stove.
There is also a small round movable gate at the rear to control the wind. Behind the gate is an interface for placing the chimney. There is also an iron grate at the bottom of the stove that can be pulled out and moved. Below the iron grate is a compartment for removing the ash.
This "foreign stove" can be fixed somewhere in the room, and then the installed chimney is connected to the outside. The chimney must be tied and fixed with thin iron wires. The winter in Beijing was very cold at that time, and the smoke oil flowing out of the chimney extended outside was
The chimney was frozen into long icicles, and smoke dripped from the ground below the chimney.
The oil also froze into big ice cubes. Later, "briquettes" appeared in Beijing. At first, people did not accept "briquettes", saying that the fire produced by "briquettes" was not as strong as the fire produced by "briquettes."
Accepted, after all, "briquettes" are relatively more convenient and cleaner than "briquettes"
Such "foreign stoves" and "chimneys" can be purchased at daily necessities stores. In the past, the wall in front of such stores had "Daily necessities, goods from Liuzhushan" written on the wall. The store mainly supplied hardware and electrical supplies, kitchen utensils,
Labor protection supplies and other daily necessities for home life, old Beijingers call this kind of store "mountain goods house". The chimney of "foreign stove" must be cleaned frequently, otherwise the soot will easily block the flue and cause coal ash.
In order to prevent gas poisoning, street activists and old ladies went from house to house as soon as winter came to supervise and inspect the installation of "wind buckets". "Wind buckets" are small ventilation windows in the room. In order to prevent strong winds from directly
To blow into the house, install a "wind bucket" outside the window. The "wind bucket" is very simple to make. Every family makes it by themselves. Some are made of thin iron sheets, and some are made of thin iron sheets.
Some use plywood, some use old cardboard. In fact, in winter, in addition to installing the "wind bucket", "stove lining" is also a very important thing, because if the stove is well lining, it will not only save coal, but also the fire will be high and strong.
If the lining is not good, the flame will be very small and the fire will not be strong. The old people will say: "If the fire is not strong, the rice will not be cooked." The materials used in "burning the stove" are "tank sand" and "green ash".
"Clay" is also useful. "Cylinder sand" is a kind of refractory material. "Qinghui" is blue-gray peat powder with cohesiveness, which plays a binding role. "Clay" is a kind of loess with strong viscosity.
These materials used to be available in brick, tile, sand and stone shops that sell "white ash and hemp knives". Every time I "enameled the stove", I would go to a shop not far from the south entrance of "Jiangjia Hutong" in Sanlihe to buy these materials.
It is much easier to make a "briquet briquette" stove than to make a "briquet briquette stove". The "briquette briquette" stove uses a gear-shaped furnace tile. Use green ash to stick the furnace tiles around the furnace and fix it firmly.
"Coal briquette stove" is all
It depends on the skills, and the tools used are bamboo boards that are about less than one meter long. Each household usually "burnes the stove" by itself, and some neighbors help each other. Every time I "burn the stove" at my house, my neighbors help.
My father has always been honest
Badiao is a kind of honest and honest person who can't say more than two sentences a day. One year, my father heard someone say that only loess mud can be used to make a stove. In order to prevent it from exploding when heated, some broken hair should be added to increase the pulling force. My father wanted to
Save money and decide yourself
I gave it a try. I asked Uncle Ding from the "Shengli Barber Shop" next door to get a lot of broken hair and mixed it with loess mud to start "burning the stove". As a result, after burning a cage, the whole room was filled with the smell of pig hair.
My mother was so angry that she nagged her for half a month.
Nowadays, we all use gas and natural gas, and those "briquettes" and "stoves" have long been forgotten by people, but I always think that the dirty and backward "briquette stove" is not without any advantages. It still remains unforgettable to me.
is to use this kind of "briquettes" or
The steamed buns and steamed buns baked in the "honeycomb briquette" stove are really outstanding. Looking at the browned and thick layer of "squeaking" is really tempting. The baked steamed buns are so fragrant when you chew them in your mouth.
, I will definitely never have this taste and enjoyment again.
Nowadays, some young people do not understand the history of Beijing in the past, and they said to me: "Luzi" is called "Luzi", why must it be called "Yangluzi"? This is what happened from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the early days of liberation after the founding of New China.
, our country’s industrial development is very backward, even ordinary daily necessities cannot be produced.
It was completely imported, so people at that time used the word "foreign" in the names of all items, such as soap (foreign soap), umbrella (foreign umbrella), cotton cloth (foreign cloth), kettle (foreign iron kettle), bucket (
(foreign cars), flour (foreign noodles), flour bags (foreign flour bags), children’s pictures (foreign paintings), foreign guns, cannons, and war horses (foreign guns, foreign cannons, foreign horses), just watch
Foreigners are called "foreigners" when they visit. In the early years, the foreign doctors at the "Union Hospital" were called "foreign doctors". The ecclesiastical doctors in Beijing
The school was called “Foreign School” and the foreign teachers were called “Mr.
"Wen Primary School", "Mu Zhen Primary School" is a girls' school, and Huiwen Primary School is the original "Dingxiang Hutong Primary School".
The grandfather "Sun Jingxiu" who went to listen to the stories told on the small speaker radio when we were young was the Chinese teacher of Huiwen Primary School when he was young and taught there for 35 years. The sister of our eldest brother "Zhang Tieliang" in No. 80 Xiaoshi Street
Sister Xiuyun’s wife moved to Beijing from Shanghai with her parents when she was a child
When he settled down, he studied at Huiwen Primary School in Beijing. Since he couldn't speak Mandarin and couldn't communicate with his classmates, the school asked teacher "Sun Jingxiu" to tutor him in Mandarin alone. It's not an exaggeration to use the saying that a strict teacher makes a good disciple, "
"Teacher Sun Jingxiu" was originally a master of language. It didn't take long for him to become a master of language.
A classmate who could not speak a single sentence in Mandarin but spoke a lot of Shanghainese was able to communicate with everyone in less fluent Mandarin. Time passed by, and this "little Shanghai" classmate who received special tutoring from teacher "Sun Jingxiu" was already over 70 years old but in good health.
, energetic and still fluent in "Beijing movies", every day
When talking about that unforgettable childhood memory, this "young man from Xiaoshi Street" can't help but reveal his true feelings. For decades, he has been missing the always respected and kind teacher "Sun Jingxiu" in his heart.
When I was a child in Huiwen Primary School, I missed the Beijing city so much.
"Time flies like an arrow, and sun and moon fly by quickly." Today's Beijing has already become a modern metropolis, with high-rise buildings everywhere.