Yang Zhu's words and deeds all reflect his idea of absolutely idealizing an individual to avoid all dangers and troubles in the world. His understanding of human nature was too ideal, so many people ridiculed him and misunderstood him.
Lao Tzu's understanding of human nature is more realistic and more positive. He used "Tao" to build a world in which everyone lives. As long as they act according to the rules and follow the trend, they can get the best results.
"Tao" is the origin of all things in the universe and is the Creator. Human beings are one of the all things created by "Tao". It is said that "heaven and earth are unkind and treat all things as stupid dogs". In the eyes of "Tao", human beings and all things are just nothing.
equal.
"Tao" is higher than all things in the universe. In later generations' terms, it can be understood as "god", "God", "higher-dimensional creatures", etc.
Because "Tao" is higher than all things in the universe, as a created person, there is no way to describe it, so I named it "Tao". It is also called "Tai Yi".
Three, then three gives birth to all things.
Based on "Tao", Laozi created a complete universe. In this universe, everything, including human behavior, proceeds according to certain laws. The "Tao Te Ching" is where Laozi describes the laws, that is, "normal
”.
The core idea is that good and bad can be transformed into each other, and the extremes of things must be reversed. Once a certain behavior reaches a "pole", it violates the "normal" it should follow. This behavior could have obtained good results.
But it can only reap bad consequences.
People live in the world of "Tao". As long as they can understand the laws of how everything operates and their actions do not break the "pole", then everyone can live well.
But human beings are human beings in the world after all, and there are always things in the world that humans cannot solve. Therefore, Zhuangzi brought a higher level of spiritual transcendence - "the unity of all things, death and life."
Zhuangzi believes that although humans and all things are born from "Tao", and humans and cats and dogs are equal, humans and cats and dogs are different. This is because the operating status of "Tao" in the human body is different. The "Tao"
The operating state is "qi".
The laws of "Tao" operating in all things are different. Therefore, people have human Qi, cats have cat Qi, and dogs have dog Qi. Zhuangzi also specifically talked about "nurturing Qi". emmm... Zhuangzi's thoughts are generally considered
It is the basic source of immortality in later generations.
If a person reaches the inner state of cultivation, where "heaven and earth and I are coexisting, and all things and I are one", have an infinite spiritual world, and view everything in the world from a higher dimensional perspective, then nothing will be a problem.
"This system composed of the thoughts of the three sages Yang Zhu, Laozi, and Zhuangzi represents Taoist thinking on solving human survival problems.
Taoist thought is so great that even though Yan highly admires it, he cannot actually practice it in reality."
Qingxu was listening with rapt attention, and was shocked back by Lu Yan's words. He asked doubtfully: "Zhuangzi said: "Learning but not being able to do it is called a disease. Luzi, you also said that you must practice it when you know it, so why can't you practice it?"
"Taoist thought has an unparalleled realm, but it cannot solve a very real problem."
"What?"
“Keeping people fed.”
Qingxu frowned, paused for a while and then said: "The people are hungry because of the high food tax. The people are difficult to treat because of the efforts of the people above."
Lu Yan chuckled and shook his head, "Sir, what you want to say is that as long as the rulers rule by doing nothing, not pursuing achievements, not coveting enjoyment, and not messing around, people can have enough to eat, right? But why should rulers listen to Taoism?
What if you are pure in heart and have few desires, do not pursue achievements, and do not covet enjoyment?"
"Forehead……"
"I wonder if you, sir, have ever read Yan's book "Life in the World"?"
"Of course I have read it." Qingxu thought about it and said, "It's just that raising people's dominant status will only make people more horny and make the world more chaotic."
"Human desire is like a rolling stone on a high mountain. Once it falls, it will not stop.
If you want to contain this rolling stone, the person with the strongest martial arts in the world may not have the strength; but to guide this rolling stone from causing huge damage, you can do it even without advanced martial arts.
Taoism is like that person with great martial arts skills who does heroic things but is thankless. He is willing to be the person who guides the rolling stone."
"When Dayu controlled the floods, it was better to clear them than to block them?" Qingxu is not sure, can he use this example as an analogy?
"Hahaha, sir, your description is wonderful. Dayu controlled floods and never entered his house three times. He was a holy king and a great hero. How dare you compare him with him." Lu Yan smiled and suddenly felt as if there was a foreign body in his throat.
stuck.
He remembered an article written by Mr. Lu Xun about Dayu's wife scolding her husband. Only four days after she gave birth to her son, Dayu left home and did not return home for many years. Behind a generation of holy kings,
That family may not be very happy. This reminds Lu Yan of the incident involving Gu Shuang in the Imperial Prefecture.
Qingxu didn't notice Lu Yan's strange behavior and was still thinking about the content of the article.
"If possible, could Lu Zi talk about "Life in the World"? I always feel that that article will have unimaginable power."
Lu Yan felt relieved that someone was really interested in the theory. He rubbed his temples and organized his words.
"The highest state of human unity in the thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi is described as the most primitive unity of nature and man.
Laozi believed that human beings were created by Tao. He advocated despising knowledge, advocating austerity, and returning to the state of infants and fools. This is the process of man's harmony with Tao and the unity of nature and man.
Zhuangzi advocates the elimination of all distinctions through self-forgetfulness, fasting, and the experience and consciousness of self-forgetfulness, so as to achieve the state of unity between heaven and man, where heaven and earth and I are born together, and all things are one with me.
The reason why we put them in the most primitive stage is that in the process of reaching the realm, there is a lack of operable epistemology."
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! "Operable, epistemology..." Although Qingxu didn't know such a term before, he could roughly guess the meaning.
Lu Yan was a little excited. The other party was really trying to understand him.
"Taoism has been passed down for hundreds of years, but how many people have realized the realm? Even the outstanding successors of Taoism cannot understand such a realm, so how can Taoism spread the Tao to the world?
This is the disadvantage of not having an operable epistemology. The subject-object dichotomy proposed by Yan is to build a bridge of understanding between the real world and people.
Once human subjectivity is established, human beings will burst out with huge energy. Superstitions about heaven, gods, and destiny will decrease, and the desire to understand and transform the world will increase. Over time, human beings will gradually grasp the objective world through research and practice.
rules to achieve the unity of subject and object.
Under this dichotomy between subject and object, human beings discover the natural world, discover themselves, and achieve the unity of nature and man, which is the second stage."
"It is a completely different path from Laozi and Zhuangzi. It establishes itself as the subject, actively explores the real world, discovers the world, and understands the world, so as to achieve the unity of nature and man." Qingxu slowly said what he had received sentence by sentence.
.
"Sir, you really understand!" Lu Yan's eyes lit up, and he continued, "The third stage, after going around in a circle, returns to the ideal of Laozi and Zhuangzi, where man and the world are one and the unity of heaven and man."
"Huh? Why is that?"
"Because in the second stage, the separation of subject and object between man and the world will inevitably lead to the great discovery of the world, but also to the low spiritual realm of mankind and rampant material desires.
But those who truly have a lofty realm, take themselves as the main body but always remember that human beings are born of nature. Suddenly looking back, they have reached the highest realm praised by Laozi and Zhuangzi."
In an instant, Qingxu's mind was shaken, his whole body was trembling, golden light emerged, and his momentum was getting higher and higher.
Lu Yan almost bit his tongue when he saw it: Are you coming too?! How come one or two of them broke through after listening to my words?!
Fortunately, Qingxu only broke through to the peak of Dacheng and did not jump directly to the realm of heaven and humanity, otherwise Lu Yan would probably be depressed to death.
After Qingxu's momentum calmed down, he solemnly bowed to Lu Yan with the disciple's salute, "Lu Zi's words are worth thousands of books. Qingxu thanks you."