There is a widely circulated folk proverb, which is that without agriculture, there will be no stability, and without food, there will be chaos. The food problem is the most critical and basic issue among all problems. If the food problem is not solved well, other things will be like trees without roots.
Water without a source, and the grain output in the Republic of China was vastly different from modern times. According to later research, the average yield per mu of several major grain crops in Gansu in 1935 was: 250 kilograms of millet, 300 kilograms of sorghum, and 213 kilograms of millet.
Jin, 275 Jin of peas, 125 Jin of rice, and 300 Jin of wheat. A survey in Shanxi Shuozhou in 1936 showed that the yield of sorghum per mu was 65 kilograms, and the yield of Youyu oats per mu was 48 kilograms; potatoes are an important food and vegetable in Shuozhou.
The crop yield per mu is 82 kilograms.
These differences are mainly in grain types, water sources, animal power and other aspects. In the south, the rice yield per mu in Huaihua, Hunan, in the 29th year of the Republic of China was 149 kilograms. In Jiading, Shanghai, the mid-season rice yield was 190 kilograms and the late rice yield was 201 kilograms in 1949.
In later generations, Mr. Yuan Longping's super hybrid rice has reached a yield of 900 kilograms per mu over a large area.
Therefore, half of the credit for China's rapid economic development must be given to agricultural scholars headed by Yuan Longping. If these scholars had not developed these high-yielding grains, how could we have caused a large number of people to leave the countryside and become migrant workers?
China feeds 21% of the world's population with 7% of the world's arable land.
More importantly, people in the Republic of China did not have much oil and water, so they mainly relied on staple food to provide energy. Even if a man was engaged in very light labor, he would need 2,400 kcal of energy a day, while a pound of cooked rice only had 750 kcal.
In other words, a farmer man needs 3.6 kilograms of white rice a day. Of course, this does not take into account other vegetables and oil, but how can he still have two kilograms of white rice a day, which is equivalent to about a kilogram and a half of dry rice. If he is a miner
This kind of work may require three kilograms of dry rice.
Jiang Cheng followed Xiao Wang on horseback to the so-called glass room. Looking at the small canyon guarded by the guards, Jiang Cheng knew that this must be one of the important places of the Red Party.
Jiang Cheng took out the certificate. Chairman Mao had applied for it for him after Jiang Cheng left and asked Xiao Wang to bring it to him. There was no name on the certificate, only the three numbers 203 were written on it, but the level was the highest top secret level.
There was a laser anti-counterfeiting mark on the seal, which made Jiang Cheng smile bitterly. If future generations saw this, they would probably think it was a complete fake, but at this time, it was absolutely impossible to imitate it.
top-secret documents.
Entering the canyon, I saw only rows of glass houses and a few brick and earth houses. Chairman Mao was talking about something with a few people dressed as farmers and scholars.
When Chairman Mao saw Jiang Cheng coming, he hurriedly waved and said, "203 is here, come quickly, you are knowledgeable, come and take a look."
Jiang Cheng walked over and took a look, and immediately understood what the so-called glass room was. He saw that the glass room was full of green, and one by one the green elves were stretching their bodies and enjoying the sunshine.
The glass house is very tall, four to five meters high. Since there is no suitable aluminum alloy, steel is used, and the glass is not the large piece of glass of later generations, but small pieces, probably because of the large piece of glass.
The production is not going well.
There are pipes one after another in the glass room, and the pipes are connected to some radiators from time to time. These radiators continuously emit heat. This is a treatment that is not even available in Phoenix Mountain. But these elves have enjoyed it in advance.
In the outermost boiler room connected by iron pipes, black smoke from burning coal slowly rises. This is a greenhouse for seedlings.
Chairman Mao introduced, "These are the most experienced farmers in our border area and agronomists from Peking and Shanghai. They read your book and built this greenhouse together, preparing to try to raise seedlings in advance. Just in time, the glass factory also started
When we produce glass, we use it all."
When a scholar with a slightly white beard heard Chairman Mao's words, he looked at Jiang Cheng with interest and said, "I don't know who wrote those books. There are many concepts and practices in them that are novel and practical. I really
I really want to get to know him. Especially the method of using chemicals to sterilize seeds in advance is really a genius. In this way, many diseases in our crops can be prevented in advance."
Jiang Cheng smiled and changed the subject and said, "I wonder what results have been achieved now?"
When an old farmer heard this, he excitedly pointed to the wheat seedlings in the glass house and said, "This glass house is really useful. It actually allowed the seeds to germinate in the coldest month of the twelfth lunar month. But the price is too high. I'm afraid we ordinary people can't afford it."
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The scholar also nodded and said, "We also think the price is too high, but the effect is indeed very good. In addition, we have also studied and experimented with methods of seed sterilization. These seedlings have been treated. In addition, we have also developed nutrient soil.
The technology of nesting trays and seeding, and we are also studying the seeder, so that we can save labor."
Chairman Mao nodded, looked at Jiang Cheng and asked, "What do you think?"
Jiang Cheng thought for a while and said, "Greenhouse breeding is a common method to increase yield. Generally, the yield of grains that are bred in advance and then transplanted can be increased by at least 20%. For some special crops such as corn, the yield can even be increased by half. Of course.
, there are many other ways to increase production, such as using chemical fertilizers, using improved seeds, improving farming techniques, etc."
The senior raised his glasses, nodded in agreement and said, "We have collected new and good farming methods into a book and distributed them to various towns and villages. However, most people do not trust our methods. After all, our propagandists,
Most of them are students and do not have much farming experience. The common people still trust their own methods that have been used for thousands of years. Chairman, we must solve this problem. Otherwise, it will be difficult for us to cope with the difficulties next year."
Jiang Cheng asked curiously, "Chairman? Have we encountered any difficulties?"
Chairman Mao nodded and said, "It's food. We raised the issue of food in the middle of last year, and we also mentioned outsourcing and solved a lot of it, but the problem is now much more serious than we thought. 203, Comrade Lin Boqu is in front
I received a report a few days ago. In the six months since the war started, people from all over the country have come to our border areas in a steady stream. Our current population that has left agriculture has exceeded 200,000, and it is still increasing. These people
There are workers, students and scholars we have invited, there are also young people attracted by us, there are also our own cadres and troops, and there are also many refugees who have fled. We have to arrange for these refugees to have their own land, but they have to grow food.
It will take a year. Food in our border area is already tight. Now so many people have arrived. If we don't find a solution, we will be hungry next year. Of course, this is not the crux of the problem. After all, we still have overseas aid.
"What?" Chairman Mao said and looked at Jiang Cheng. Indeed, Jiang Cheng's space limit state can transport two thousand tons of food at a time. If it is high-calorie food such as compressed biscuits, it can be enough to feed ten thousand people for a year.
Yes, Jiang Cheng's space is still growing, and it can be done if you want to take into account the food in the base area.
Jiang Cheng asked doubtfully, "So what is the key?"
Chairman Mao pointed to the east and said, "A telegram has been sent from the base area. Our anti-Japanese base area is in trouble. Although it is still a small trouble now, it will turn into a big trouble sooner or later if it is not solved."
Chairman Mao took out a cigarette and lit it and said, "The people in the enemy-occupied areas are suffering. Since the war began, the people have been unable to produce with peace of mind. The production of food is constantly declining, and the Japanese are coming to rob food again. Our Yan
Sir, we have allocated a lot of special anti-Japanese food funds in advance, and the base areas are mostly barren mountainous areas. Our troops cannot receive any food at all in the base areas. They can only collect industrial and commercial taxes and use money to buy food. But that's it.
Very difficult."
Jiang Cheng thought for a while and said, "The Chairman is planning to increase food production so that our core base area can provide enough food for our troops."
Chairman Mao nodded and said, "Our food in the guerrilla zone will be the focus of competition between us, the Japanese, and the White Army for a long time. You must know that once the Japanese army starts to notice us, they will inevitably carry out large-scale raids.
, it is really dangerous if we do not have enough food reserves. I predict that the Japanese will not make any big moves this year, but next year, the Japanese will definitely carry out a large-scale sweep, and we must be fully prepared."
Only then did Jiang Cheng understand why Chairman Mao valued food production so much. Thanks to Jiang Cheng, Yan'an's food was not really in short supply. The early launch of the large-scale production movement also greatly alleviated Yan'an's food problem. However, in the anti-Japanese base areas,
The problem of food gradually became a big problem because the Eighth Route Army expanded its army larger and faster than in history.
Chairman Mao's idea was to increase agricultural production in the base areas, which would not only increase the people's favor and support for the Red Party regime, but also allow local grain collection to expand the army.
In real history, food difficulties have always existed in the anti-Japanese base areas. There was even a meeting with Boss Peng and others. Because they were too hungry, everyone could only lie down and talk. This was the head of the army. The soldiers at the bottom were even more difficult and starved to death.
Quite a few quartermasters and cooking squad leaders died. The difficulties in the base area were unimaginable to ordinary people.
The scholar continued, "We have researched many methods, but many of them can only be tried in our border areas. For example, chemical fertilizers are not available in the base areas."
Chairman Mao waved his hand and said, "To get to the point, although this greenhouse is good, the price is too high and our people cannot accept it. Can the price be lowered?"
The scholar said helplessly, "The prices of glass and steel are so high that it is difficult to lower them. However, we have designed a mud house like this. The outside is heated using the principle of a heated kang. Although it is not as effective as a glass house or water heating, it is
The price can be reduced a lot.”
Everyone entered the earthen house. It was very warm inside. Because it was not a glass house, there was not enough sunlight, and the seedlings inside were much thinner than those outside.
Chairman Mao asked, "How much does such a mud house cost? How many can be bred?"
The scholar said, "The price is not much, but coal is more expensive. We use plug trays to raise seedlings. One tray has 200 holes, which can be stacked. A 600-square-meter earth house like this can grow more than 200,000 seedlings, which is enough for farmers."
The use of 20-30 acres of land mainly depends on the crops."
Chairman Mao continued to ask, "We ordinary people can build mud houses by ourselves. How much coal will it cost?"
The scholar continued to answer, "Coal requires 50 tons per year. This earthen house can continuously breed seedlings all year round, and can grow more than one million seedlings a year."
Chairman Mao nodded and said, "It is to make it affordable for the common people. Let me do the math. Now one ton of coal costs three yuan, and 50 tons costs one hundred and fifty silver dollars. If we can take care of 100 acres of land a year,
, one acre of land costs more than one yuan, and the price is still too high. We still need to think of ways to see if we can bring it down."
The scholar thought about it and said, "Then we can only look at how to improve the use of heat and reduce its dissipation."
Chairman Mao nodded and said, "Thank you for your hard work. Please continue to work hard. I am grateful to you on behalf of the Party Central Committee and the people."
The old farmer quickly said, "This is all for us people, and it is what we should do. We will definitely reduce the cost."
Jiang Cheng and Chairman Mao left the glass house together. Jiang Cheng said, "Chairman, such earth houses have appeared in later generations, but the price is still too high and they have not been popularized on a large scale."
Chairman Mao asked, "What about your opinion?"
Jiang Cheng thought for a while and said, "Even if such seedlings can increase the people's food supply by 20%, the cost will be greater than the increased food, and the people will not buy it. What future generations will use is actually plastic film. We now have oil plants."
, I think we can try to research and produce it. This film can be said to be extremely cheap in later generations. It uses sunlight to heat it, and it is also convenient to use."
Chairman Mao nodded and said, "Okay, I will arrange this matter. By the way, are there any gains from going out this time?"
Jiang Cheng said with a smile, "Our air force is established. Pilots and ground crews are trained in Germany and the United States. Aircraft motors are manufactured in later generations and assembled in Yan'an. We will also have our own aircraft manufacturing factory."
Chairman Mao clapped his hands and said, "Okay, I will select the pilot immediately. Xiao Jiang, I have a piece of information here. Take a look, is there anything you can do?" Chairman Mao handed Jiang Cheng a document.
Jiang Cheng looked at it quickly, but what he was talking about was that Japan had collected a large amount of gold cultural relics after the Nanjing Massacre and was preparing to transport them away. It was now confirmed that they had arrived in Shanghai.
Chairman Mao sighed and said, "I remember you blew up and sank the Japanese warship last time. Can you think of a way to do it again and let these things sink into the sea? It would be better for us to fish them out in the future than to be snatched away by the Japanese."
Jiang Cheng thought for a while and said, "I am willing to go to Shanghai to take a look, but I am worried that the Japanese will transport the things away before they can find out."
Chairman Mao smiled and said, "Don't worry, the little devils won't be so quick. Comrades in the south reported that the little devils are harvesting gold everywhere, and they are not satisfied yet."
Jiang Cheng then said with confidence, "Then I will go to Wuhan immediately to find my manpower and ask the organization to mobilize the intelligence agency in Shanghai. We must intercept these things to prevent the loss of our country's wealth."
Chairman Mao smiled and nodded and said, "Okay, I will let the comrades of Teko find a way to get accurate information, but you have to pay attention, your safety is the most important thing, don't put yourself in danger, we just use thousands of tons
I will never find another Jiang Cheng for my gold."
Jiang Cheng patted his chest and said with a smile, "Don't worry, Chairman, I'm very timid."
Chairman Mao shook his head and said, "You can even tell us a few of your identities. You are not timid, you are daring. Okay, go ahead and pay attention to your safety."
After Jiang Cheng left, Chairman Mao immediately found the comrades in charge of Yanchang Chemical Industry and assigned new tasks. At this time, the chemical plant had already begun to produce by-products such as lubricants, naphtha, asphalt, etc., but for products like plastics
However, it has not yet been produced. After receiving the order from the central government, Yanchang Chemical Plant began new technical research. Fortunately, Yan'an's scientific research capabilities were greatly improved at this time. Many chemists came to Yan'an to join the chemical plant.
With the technical guidance of later generations, it is only a matter of time before qualified agricultural films are produced.
--Nanjing
At this time, a month had passed unknowingly since the fall of Nanjing. Zhou Weiguo left Nanjing with a beard and ragged clothes. He carried a girl on his back, and the soldiers around him protected the two of them as they fled north quickly. Behind them were
Nearly a hundred Japanese troops pursued them, but they were killed one after another by various booby traps and mines.
Finally, everyone arrived at the National Army's defense area, and the Japanese army did not dare to pursue them and left.
Zhou Weiguo put the woman down, looked at everyone and said, "Let's go. We must hand over the things to Mr. Jiang immediately. These are the evidence of the Japanese army. We must make everything about Nanjing public."
