Chapter 233: Taxation, the Transformation from Renyi Emperor Shu to Liu Bapi
In the afternoon, the wind in the air was very light, and it was a bit sultry for everyone walking in the rain forest. However, General Gu still had no intention of letting Da or take a rest. Zhang Ying in the team also had no intention of taking a rest, and just used her hands from time to time.
Wiping the sweat from my forehead, hey, I probably won’t be able to rest until evening…………
When it comes to the tax system, the tax system in the Central Plains is the predecessor of the Shanyi tribe. Among the three Central Plains tribes, Cao Wei is better than the Soochow and Shu Han.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, various feudal separatist forces fought for years, which led to the phenomenon of "no permanent ruler and no permanent residence for the people". Under this situation, it was difficult for the court to grasp the exact household registration. If the calculation and oral taxes were still collected according to the tax system of the Han Dynasty,
Evaluating field yields and collecting field rents is obviously difficult to do.
But fortunately, these are not big problems for Soochow. After all, the situation in Soochow has always been relatively stable. Jiangdong, the base of Soochow, has always been in the hands of the Sun family. The people living here can still live a stable life.
Unlike the Central Plains, Yizhou and other places, which have been changing owners all the time, the tax system of the Han Dynasty can be barely copied and used, and it can operate normally in Jiangdong with only slight modifications.
After all, the land east of Jiangdong is quite fertile. If you produce more rice, you can pay the 30 taxes. The people here lived like this before, but in the Central Plains, Yizhou and other places that have changed hands several times and been in war, this is no longer the case.
But it is impossible to do this. They will not be able to pay so much grain tax.
At that time, Cao Cao had recruited the remaining 300,000 Yellow Turban Army troops, occupying the hinterland of the Central Plains, "holding the emperor hostage to order the princes." With so many people under his command, the food problem was urgently solved.
The historical conditions at that time were that there were large areas of desolate farmland around Xudu, and the Yellow Turban Army usually brought their families and many cattle with them. Therefore, Cao Cao issued the "Order to Set up Farming" in the first year of Jian'an and began a large-scale
Farming.
Cao Cao's "Order for the Settlement of Farming" stipulates: "Those who hold official cattle will receive six points from the official and four points from the common people, which is equivalent to sixty-four points; those who privately own the official's land will be divided between the officials and the people, and the government and the people will be divided into five and five points."
"Although the land rent burden was heavy on the people, the relatively stable production and life were still acceptable to the people at that time. After all, no benefits in this world come in vain. This system solved the problem of military rations.
In order to ensure long-term mobilization of farmers' enthusiasm for production, Cao Cao began to reform the tax system.
In the ninth year of Jian'an, Cao Cao issued the famous "Lease Collection Order", which stipulated that "the rent for the land collected is four liters per mu, and each household produces two pieces of silk and two pounds of cotton." This reform achieved two major breakthroughs.
In the Han Dynasty, the fixed-rate field tax was changed to a fixed-amount field tax, and the head tax was changed to a household tax. In the Han Dynasty, the field tax used to be thirty to one, and more than five liters of grain had to be paid per mu.
However, Cao Cao's reforms only paid four liters per acre regardless of the output. The field tax was not linked to the output. Increased output did not increase taxes, which increased farmers' enthusiasm for farming. The refugees returned to the fields one after another, and agricultural production was restored.
In the Han Dynasty, the "capitation tax" was calculated as a tax, and oral taxes were paid on a per-capita basis. People had to sell their products in exchange for money to pay taxes, and were often exploited by merchants. However, Cao Cao adopted the household adjustment system, which achieved good results.
According to the oral tax and calculative tax system, the larger the family, the more taxes and fees they pay. If the taxes and fees are too heavy or unreasonable, it will limit population growth.
The household adjustment system only stipulates the taxes and fees paid by a family, regardless of the population. If the family has a large population, the labor force will be large and the income will increase, which will naturally stimulate the family to find ways to increase the population.
Cao Cao also stipulated that in addition to the taxes paid by the common people, powerful landowners also had to pay land taxes and household transfers. At the same time, he focused on strengthening management and stipulated that no other taxes could be collected except regular taxes.
Cao Cao had a clear idea of equalizing the tax burden. He emphasized in the opening chapter of the "Lease Collection and Rent Order": "Those who have a state and a family will not worry about the scarcity but the inequality." He pointed out that mergers and acquisitions by powerful powers should not be allowed to pass on the tax burden, making the people poor and weak.
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He raised the issue of whether the tax burden is equal to the level of governing the country and strengthening the army, believing that if the people's burden is too heavy, there will be a huge gap between the rich and the poor. He clearly stipulated that the bearers of taxes are not only ordinary people, but also general powerful landowners.
Acres and household registration are paid separately for land tenant adjustment, and they cannot be allowed to hide anything.
Cao Cao's tax reform convinced the people of Wei, and the army had enough food and clothing, making it the most powerful court in the Three Kingdoms. Now that Cao Shuang is in power, he has not changed the tax equalization system set by Cao Cao, but continues to let it run smoothly and strengthen supervision.
To prevent powerful landowners, including aristocratic families, from hiding more people and land.
The Shu Han side still generally continued the policy of "drawing one from every three dings and taxing four or six" by Liu Xuande, the benevolent emperor's uncle.
The so-called "three men draw one" means that if there are three men in the family, one of them must join the army, while the "four-six tax" means that farmers must hand over 40% of their harvest to the state;
As we all know, Liu Bei always talked about "benevolence and righteousness" when he started his business. In the early days, Liu Bei was indeed famous. The emperor of the Han Dynasty led the general Zuo and was the shepherd of Yuzhou. Liu Bei was the benevolent and righteous king.
After experiencing repeated failures in entrepreneurship, he visited the thatched cottage three times and invited Zhuge Liang, his life mentor, to join forces with Sun Quan to form the Sun-Liu Alliance, which defeated Cao Cao in the Battle of Chibi and occupied Jingzhou and Xichuan.
At this time, Liu Bei was no longer the benevolent and righteous Uncle Liu who had failed him at the beginning of his career. He had millions of men in armor, and was assisted by Crouching Dragons and Phoenixes. He had thousands of generals and was as brave as the Five Tiger Generals.
After the acquisition of Xichuan and Hanzhong, the policy of benevolence and caring for the people formulated by Fa Zheng was rejected by Liu Bei. Zhuge Liang also said that the lord should be based on benevolence and righteousness throughout his life and should continue to do so.
But Liu Bei said that if you want to conquer the world, you must not be benevolent as a woman. What he did before were all small benevolence and righteousness, which was not enough to establish the world. At this time, Liu Bei already had the decisiveness that an emperor should have.
The three sworn brothers in Taoyuan all died because of Sun Quan. The second brother Guan Yu accidentally lost Jingzhou, which was a battleground for military strategists and the heart of the world. The third brother Zhang Fei was killed by his deputy general and defected to Sun Quan. Liu Bei was both public and private.
They all hated Sun Quan deeply.
Under this environment, Liu Bei adopted Li Yan's strategy of governing Shu and began to implement the policy of "drawing one from every three and taxing four and six" in the territory of Shu. In this way, he quickly saved hundreds of thousands of troops for him to squander.
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As a result, the reputation of the benevolent and righteous king changed greatly, and he became Liu Bapi, but there was nothing he could do about it. Who let Jingzhou be lost to his second brother?
Everyone hurried on without stopping. Before the sun set, they arrived near the Depaiwan tribe. Just like the Rukai tribe, they did not visit the tribe that night and only informed people early the next morning.
Enter the tribe and discuss with the Paiwan tribe about surrendering.
The Prime Minister Cao Wei's Mansion received a military report from Yongliang early this morning, and learned the good news that the entire Xiping County had been recaptured by Guo Huai's army...