Jian Jia has never been to the other four capitals of Wei. After all, before she met Cao Shuang, she was just a small talent in Cao Rui's palace. Cao Rui probably didn't remember such a person as her. After Cao Rui died, Although there is no worry about being buried, this is a rule left over from the time of Emperor Wu.
After Emperor Wu, Cao Pi filled all the women left behind by his father into the harem and learned the tricks of the nomads.
It's just that she still can't escape from living a miserable life in the cold palace or being sent back to her hometown. In this case, she will not be able to retain the original prosperity. But fortunately, she met Cao Shuang in the palace corridor that day and saved her from being driven away by the guards. She was saved and allowed to stay in the prosperity of Luoyang. This is her luck.
Jian Jia said softly: "Meeting your husband in this life is my greatest luck. If it weren't for my husband, I wouldn't know where I am now, even though no one has died in this dynasty since the time of Emperor Wu."
Cao Shuang said with emotion: "The world has been war-torn for years and the population has dropped sharply. If human sacrifice resumes, how many fewer people will there be in the world? That's how I can meet Jian Jia on that day."
"After the emperor's death, the number of people buried as martyrs ranged from hundreds to dozens; at the level of generals and officials, the number of people buried as martyrs ranged from dozens to a few." It can be seen that burial in ancient times was not the exclusive preserve of emperors. Princes, kings, generals, As long as the scholar-officials had a powerful position, they had the custom of being buried alive.
In fact, few of the concubines who were buried were really willing to die, but who made them the emperor's women! They are destined to suffer such suffering. Since it is fate, many concubines will choose to die honorably even if they are not willing. In this way You can also earn benefits for your family. Occasionally, if there are a few people who are unwilling to do it themselves, someone will do it for them.
The sacrificial burial system can be traced back to the Longshan Culture period (about five thousand years ago), and it was already very popular during the Shang Dynasty.
Human sacrifice has become a widely popular ancient funeral ritual.
The main reason for this phenomenon was the increase in productivity, the development of commodity exchange, and the emergence of private ownership. This series of changes caused class differentiation within the clan. Therefore, the emergence of this primitive religious activity also coincided with the emergence of class differentiation within the clan. The emergence of private ownership is closely related.
Slave owners during the Shang Dynasty wanted to take everything they had during their lifetime into the tomb so that they could enjoy everything after death, including the women who served them, of course they were all young women.
According to "Xijing Miscellaneous Notes", there is only one man's skeleton in the tomb of King You of Zhou. It is thought that it can only belong to King You of Zhou. The remaining hundreds of people are all young women. Some of these women's skeletons are sitting or lying down. They should be buried as sacrifices. A maid or concubine.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, historical records began to be recorded. For example, when Duke Wu of Qin died, "at the beginning, sixty people died," and after Duke Mu of Qin, "one hundred and seventy-seven people died." These records All come from "Historical Records·Qin Benji".
The Qin State banned human martyrdom during the reign of Duke Xian of Qin. Of course, the role of burial persons included not only concubines, concubines, slaves, but also ministers, for example:
When Qin Mugong died, in addition to more than 170 people were buried with him, there were also three sons of the Che family: Yan Xi, Zhong Xing, and Zhen Hu. They were three virtuous ministers of the Qin State at that time and had made great contributions to the Qin Empire.
The practice of human sacrifice has existed in all dynasties. The system of human sacrifice was abolished during the reign of Duke Xian of the Qin Dynasty. However, once the custom is formed, it is not so easy to change;
After the death of Qin Shihuang, Qin II ordered all the concubines of the old emperor who had no heirs to be buried alive. Of course, slaves, craftsmen, etc. were also included. The "Book of Han" records that tens of thousands of people were killed and martyred in Qin Shi Huang's Mausoleum.
After the Han Dynasty, the system of living burials began to be abolished. Emperors often left edicts before their death, allowing childless concubines and maids to leave the palace and gain freedom.
Of course, it cannot be regarded as a complete abolition, it can only be regarded as the decline of the system of human sacrifice.
The decline is manifested in two aspects: first, the number of people buried at one time decreased, second, the coercive force of burials decreased, and third, the probability of burials decreased.
Of course, sacrificial burials still existed after the Han Dynasty. When Liu Pengzu was about to die in the Han Dynasty, he "ordered his slaves and slaves to die". During the Three Kingdoms period, the famous Eastern Wu general Chen Wu died in the battle of Hefei, and Sun Quan "ordered his beloved concubine to be buried as a sacrifice."
Although occasionally emperors were buried alive, they were still in the minority.
And just like the emperors of the Tang Dynasty, they always let ministers and concubines be buried next to the imperial mausoleum after death, which is more humane.
However, during the Liao Dynasty, which was in opposition to the Northern Song Dynasty, because there were many ethnic minority regimes in the north, human sacrifice was revived and a system was even formed, which was regarded as reversing the course.
During the Yuan Dynasty, the burial system reached a new peak. When Genghis Khan died, a particularly large number of people were buried there.
In addition, the Yuan Dynasty also encouraged civilians to sacrifice their bodies for burial. It was the development of the Yuan Dynasty that led to the Ming Dynasty's burial system, which was completely resurrected.
The Ming Dynasty basically inherited the burial system of the Yuan Dynasty. According to the "Ming Huidian", "Taizu's forty concubines, except for the things that were buried in the mausoleum of the two concubines, the rest were buried with them." That is to say, after Zhu Yuanzhang died, those who were buried with him and those who were buried as martyrs were
There were forty concubines. Except for two who died before Taizu and were finally buried on the east and west sides of Taizu's mausoleum, the remaining thirty-eight were buried and died.
When Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty died, there were two versions of the number of people, one was 16 people in the "Daming Huidian", and the other was more than 30 people in the "Records of the Li Dynasty" in North Korea. Ming Renzong was a relatively benevolent emperor, and he died the same way.
During that time, five concubines were buried.
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, ten people were buried, among whom there was only one concubine, and the rest were all palace maids.
In fact, judging from the concubines who were buried in the Ming Dynasty, most of them were concubines who had never given birth to children and had a lower status.
The burial system of the Ming Dynasty lasted until the reign of Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty God of War in the Tumu Fortress was finally abolished after his death. This was also the wisest thing that the Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty did.
Since the time of Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, the royal family has no longer had a burial system for burials. However, under the rule of the Jianzhou Prefecture of the Manchus, the custom of human sacrifice was common.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! After the Qing Dynasty took over the Central Plains, it also extended the burial to the whole country in the form of legal regulations. "In the second month of Renxu, the funeral rituals were established, and the wife sacrificed her husband.
Listen and still give me a warning."
Nurhaci, Shunzhi, and Kangxi were all buried as martyrs, just like Dorgon's mother Abahai was forced to be buried.
In the 12th year of Kangxi's reign (1674), an edict was issued: "Yimao prohibits the Eight Banners from burying slaves as slaves."
At this point, the widespread system of "Eight Banners burying slaves as slaves" was banned.
However, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty explicitly ordered the abolition of the system of sacrifice, and on the other hand, they strongly commended their wives and concubines for their voluntary sacrifice in practical actions.
For women who sacrificed their lives for their husbands, local governments would praise their wives and concubines for their sacrifices, calling them ‘martial women’ and ‘virtuous women’. They would also write books and erect memorial arches. It can be seen that the prosperous ages of Kangxi and Qianlong were not truly prosperous.
Therefore, the sacrificial burial system was not eradicated in the Qing Dynasty and continued until the fall of the Qing Dynasty.
The concubines and maids who were buried were usually notified the day before, and then they would be gathered in a room on the day of the burial. The specific methods of operation include drinking poisoned wine, hanging themselves, or burying them alive directly with mercury.
No matter which method is used, it is very cruel. Among them, after Zhu Di died, his concubines were buried using this method of hanging themselves.
On the day of the burial, gather the concubines together and let them eat something to make them feel full.
After the meal, all the concubines were pulled into the house, each had a small bed, and they stood on the bed and tied a rope around their necks. Then the eunuch removed the small bed and hanged himself to death.
Some people may ask here, what should I do if the concubine does not want to die? This is easy to handle. Of course, the eunuch is responsible for killing them.
In fact, most concubines or palace maids do not make unnecessary struggles. After all, if they commit suicide honestly, it can bring benefits to the family, and the family can inherit thousands of hereditary royal clothes and guards, so these families are also called "chaotian female households".