Cao Shuang agreed: "What Deheng said is true. The rebellion of the Qiang people in Liangzhou and other places in the northwest has indeed caused a lot of disasters. It not only harmed the Eastern Han Dynasty, but the consequences continue to this day.
A few days ago, the Qiang people united with Jiang Boyue of Shu to plunder people in Xiping County. Guo Boji also suffered from their losses. Although they were repelled now, they will inevitably come back in the future. These Hu people are also ambitious and will definitely be in the future.
I have a serious problem in Wei, and I have to solve it as soon as possible when I have free hands!"
Ma Jun led Cao Shuang to continue to inspect the papermaking workshop. From time to time, some craftsmen wanted to salute Cao Shuang, but Cao Shuang refused with a smile, "It doesn't have to be like this. You can continue to do your work."
Ma Jun answered: "Yes, the Qiang rebellion in the Eastern Han Dynasty was very frequent, and there were five large-scale rebellions. The Eastern Han Dynasty was brought down by this. After all, the strength of the nomads will increase if they have more horses."
Quite a few, don’t they all say they grew up on horses?”
The Qiang Rebellion in the Eastern Han Dynasty lasted throughout the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and there were five large-scale rebellions.
The first was from 77 to 101, when the Shaodang Qiang united with many Qiang tribes in the Hehuang area, as well as the Yuezhi, Lushuihu, etc. to launch an uprising.
The cause was the forced migration of the Shaodang Qiang to Longxi in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which triggered the confrontation between the Qiang and Han. Later, there was an incident of county officials plundering Qiang women in Longxi, which directly triggered the Qiang rebellion. After the first Qiang rebellion was put down in the Eastern Han Dynasty, a large number of Qiang were
People migrated to the three counties of Hanyang, Anding and Longxi.
The second time was from 107 to 118. The Eastern Han Dynasty forcibly conquered the Qiang people from Jincheng, Longxi, and Hanyang counties to the Western Regions, which resulted in riots.
The scale of this uprising was very large. In addition to affecting the counties of Liangzhou, it also affected Xihe, Shangdang, Shangjun and Shujun areas. It lasted for a total of 12 years and caused serious damage to the local economy.
Wang Fu said in "Qian Fu Lun" that "it began with the merger of Liang and extended to Sili, causing harm to Zhao and Wei in the east and Shu and Han in the west. Five states were ruined and six counties were reduced."
After the Second Qiang Rebellion was put down in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Lai Ji was appointed as the governor of Bingzhou and Liu Bing was appointed as the governor of Liangzhou. Both governors were "naturally abusive" and "when they arrived in the state, they caused many disturbances." The two governors
The tyranny of Qiang soon led to the outbreak of the third Qiang Rebellion.
The Third Qiang Rebellion was from 139 to 145. It was a riot involving both Eastern Qiang and Western Qiang. In order to suppress this rebellion, the Eastern Han Dynasty spent "tens of billions of dollars" on troops, and more than 100,000 soldiers died.
.
Thirteen years later, the fourth Qiang Rebellion broke out, from 159 to 169, and the causes of the third Qiang Rebellion were basically the same.
At that time, the Eastern Han Dynasty was already terminally ill, local officials imposed extortionate taxes, and local conflicts were irreconcilable.
The soldiers on the border repeatedly provoked border incidents to claim credit and seek promotion, thus intensifying the Qiang-Han conflict.
After the Qiang Rebellion broke out, the Eastern Han Dynasty sent Duan Jiong to conquer the country, but failed. The Eastern Han Dynasty sent Huangfu Gui to conquer the Qiang Rebellion. Huangfu Gui was an upright and honest official. He adopted a policy of appeasement, dismissed a large number of corrupt officials, and temporarily stabilized the country.
situation.
But soon, the Qiang rebellion broke out in Liangzhou and spread to the northwest counties. The Eastern Han Dynasty asked Duan Jiong to conquer it, and finally put down the Qiang rebellion.
In 184, the Yellow Turban Uprising broke out, and the Qiang and Han people in the northwest broke out an uprising together. The more famous Han generals include Han Sui, Ma Teng, etc.
The scale of this uprising was very large, and the northwest counties were quickly captured. However, as the scale expanded, multiple warlords were split internally, and the uprising evolved into a melee among warlords. In suppressing this uprising, Dong Zhuo and other warlords quickly
He rose up and eventually became the gravedigger of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
The five Qiang rebellions during the Eastern Han Dynasty caused huge damage to the northwest economy.
According to statistics, the number of households in Beidi County in the Eastern Han Dynasty was only 5% of that in the Western Han Dynasty, Jincheng County and Longxi County only accounted for 10%, Anding County only accounted for 14%, and Hanyang County accounted for only 45%.
Throughout the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Guanzhong area was under the threat of Qiang rebellion. During the Western Han Dynasty, Guanzhong was the economic center, but during the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was in dilapidated condition.
In order to suppress the Qiang rebellion, the Eastern Han Dynasty spent a lot of manpower and financial resources, seriously draining the national power of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
In order to suppress the Qiang people, the Eastern Han Dynasty had to gradually move into the Western Regions and withdraw the troops from the Western Regions to the interior, which led to the deterioration of the border situation.
Not only that, in the process of suppressing the Qiang rebellion, a large number of warlords emerged. They were arrogant in taking credit, separatized the northwest, and could not lose their tail, and eventually buried the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Just imagine, the Qiang people have made a living by pastoralism for a long time. How can they quickly adapt to farming life after moving inland? How can they quickly adapt to living with the Han people day and night?
After they moved inland, there was a huge gap between them and the people around them, and they couldn't understand each other's language. Even after several generations, it was difficult for them to fully adapt.
Of course, most Qiang people only moved to the Loess Plateau area after moving inland. This is a semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral area. They can continue to engage in animal husbandry. However, this is also an area where the Xiongnu and Xianbei often move, so life is not peaceful.
The few Qiang people resettled in Guanzhong had to engage in agriculture, accept bullying from powerful landlords, and pay taxes to local states and counties.
Nowadays, all the Qiang in Liangzhou have been surrendered, and the Qiang and Hu have been sent to the left. They are mixed with the Han people, their customs are different, and their languages cannot be understood. They are mostly seen by petty officials and shrewd people who have invaded and plundered them. They are poor, hateful and boring, so they rebel. - "Later Han Dynasty"
Book·Biography of Xiqiang"
As the saying goes, where there is oppression, there is resistance. Starting from the early Eastern Han Dynasty, Qiang uprisings began sporadically. By the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the scale of the uprising expanded.
However, because the early Qiang uprising was only based on tribes and lacked effective organization, sufficient weapons, and sufficient troops, it was quickly suppressed.
However, the scale of the Qiang uprising later became larger and larger, and eventually brought down the Eastern Han Dynasty.
The Xiongnu, one of the other Hu tribes, has always had the ambition to rule the Central Plains. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, they once occupied the rich and fertile Hetao area and the Hexi Corridor area.
By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he launched a comprehensive counterattack against the Xiongnu. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing led their troops to drink from Ma Hanhai, sealed the wolf in Xu, and directly disabled the Xiongnu.
From the late Western Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty, some Huns went south and submitted to the Central Plains Dynasty, and then moved inland. Cao Shuang thought that the current Wei Dynasty was fortunate to have no major civil strife. Sima Yi's rebellion at the beginning of the year was quickly put down, although it has not happened yet until now.
After all their efforts, Sima Yi and his son fled to Shu, but fortunately they did not cause great damage to the strength of the Wei Dynasty.
If the counter-rebellion is delayed for a long time, the Xiongnu, Qiang, Xianbei and other ethnic groups may take advantage of the weakness of the Wei Dynasty to launch rebellions in Liangzhou and other places, and then move south in a large scale. In that case, the situation will be difficult to control, and Shu and Wu will
The other countries will also take advantage of the situation, pounce on them together, tear the Wei Dynasty into pieces, and then divide and eat them.
After all, uniting with the Qiang people is a common occurrence for the Shu state, and for the Wu state, if there is such an opportunity to cross north to capture the Central Plains, it is naturally a dream. Then why should they worry about the infamy of colluding with foreign tribes! There is such a thing
If the opportunity prevails, all these will be written by Wu Guo himself, and there is no need to care about these.