Cao Shuang and others, led by Ma Jun, walked through every process of papermaking and looked at them carefully. There were many processes including separation of papermaking raw materials, pulping, papermaking, and drying.
Ma Jun said with pride and joy: "Since we used the movable curtain bed paper mold taught by the Prime Minister in papermaking, the amount of paper produced each time has been increased dozens of times, and the alkali cooking and pounding have been strengthened.
, the quality of this paper is also much better than Caihou paper!"
After all, although the method of improving the paper was not his own, each process was established by his own guidance to the craftsmen. Even though there was a rough process, it took many repeated experiments to achieve today's results. He
How could you not be happy about it.
Ma Jun thought for a while and then clasped his fists and said: "The new paper being made now doesn't have a good name yet. Why don't you ask the Prime Minister to give it a name? After all, new paper can be made so quickly.
It’s all thanks to the Prime Minister!”
Cao Shuang smiled bitterly and said: "I just provided a rough method that I accidentally got from an expert hermit in the mountains. It is not my credit. If it weren't for Deheng, I'm afraid this new paper wouldn't have been created so easily.
If not, this new paper will be called Deheng paper."
Ma Jun hurriedly raised his hands and bowed: "Servant, how can I be worthy of this servant? How can I be compared with Cai Houxiang?"
Cao Shuang hurriedly stepped forward to help Ma Jun up and said: "Hey, Deheng is still too modest. I think Deheng can not only be compared with Caihou, but his future achievements will definitely be higher than Caihou. After all, Deheng is among the craftsmen."
In terms of attainments, he is comparable to Mo Zhai and Lu Ban. Looking at the world today, it is difficult for anyone to surpass him!"
After having writing, the most important thing is to have a good carrier. The ancient Egyptians used papyrus from the Nile River to record history; in ancient Europe, people also used animal skins such as sheepskin to write words for a long time;
In the Central Plains, before the invention of papermaking, oracle bones, bamboo slips and silk were the materials used for writing and recording in ancient times.
But oracle bones and bamboo slips were relatively heavy, and Qin Shihuang would need a whole cart just to read memorials. Although silk was light, it was very expensive and not suitable for writing.
In the Han Dynasty, due to the rapid economic and cultural development of the Western Han Dynasty, oracle bones and bamboo slips could no longer meet the needs of development, which prompted the improvement of writing tools - paper was invented, and it has gone through several improvements now.
At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, politics was stable, ideology and culture were very active, and there was a strong demand for communication tools. Paper emerged as a new writing material.
Xu Shen wrote "Shuowen Jiezi", which was written in 100 AD. It talks about the origin of "paper".
He said: "The word 'paper' comes from the side of the tie, which is the side of 'silk'."
This sentence means that the paper at that time was mainly made of silk products, which was completely different from paper in the general sense.
Xu Shen believed that paper was a thin piece of silk wadding left on the bed mat after being struck in water.
This thin sheet may be the most primitive "paper", and some people call this "paper" "He Hoi".
This may be a prelude to the invention of paper. Records about this kind of "paper" can be traced back to the first year of Yuanyan, the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Western Han Dynasty (12 BC).
"Hanshu: The Biography of Empress Zhao" records that the imperial concubine Cao Weineng gave birth to a prince and was persecuted by the empress Zhao Feiyan and her sisters. The poison they gave to Cao Weineng was wrapped in "He Ho" paper, and the "paper" said: "Grieve Weineng"
, try to drink this medicine! You can’t relapse, you know it yourself!" It is speculated that paper may have a certain relationship with silk.
In ancient India, which was adjacent to China, writing materials sometimes used wooden boards and bamboo slices, and more often used Ye bark and bay leaves.
The word "birch bark" is often seen in Sanskrit classical works. It originally meant writing material. After the import of Chinese paper, people used this word to refer to paper, which shows the wide application of birch bark; Bay leaf is a
Plant palm leaves, which are large and long. Ancient Indians wrote on the leaves and copied scriptures.
In the past, it was generally believed that paper was brought to India in South Asia by Muslims in the 12th century, but the actual situation is not necessarily the same.
Since paper was introduced to the Western Regions and Central Asia in large quantities soon after Cai Lun's papermaking reform, and the people who used paper to write were not limited to the Han people, then from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei Dynasty, the Indians who frequently moved here because of the spread of Buddhism may be related to India.
Asian ethnic groups must come into contact with and use paper, because paper is far superior to the bark and leaves of local traditional writing tools.
Mozi was good at craftsmanship and production, and was superior to other scholars in military technology. He could be called a versatile man.
It is said that he could in an instant turn a three-inch piece of wood into a bearing that could carry a weight of 300 kilograms. According to "Han Feizi·Wai Chu Shuo (top left)": "Mozi is a wooden kite, which takes three years to form and falls in one day."
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He used the principle of leverage to develop the tangerine, which was used to lift water. He also made windlass, pulleys, etc., which were used in production and military affairs.
He was also good at city defense techniques (the so-called "Mo Shou"), and his disciples summarized his experience into "City Defense" 21.
According to the records of mechanism techniques in "Mozi", the mechanism instruments invented by the Mohists at that time include:
The repeating crossbow cart is a large mechanical device placed on the city wall that can release sixty large crossbow arrows and countless small crossbow arrows at the same time. It requires ten people to drive. The most ingenious one is the ten-foot-long crossbow arrow tail.
Tie it with a rope, and after shooting it can be quickly rolled up and retrieved with a windlass.
The transmitter is also a large transmitter placed on the city wall. It is six feet long and is operated by two people. Different from the repeater, the transmitter is more flexible and can be fired by one person at the same time.
Another person rotates the machine base.
A borrowed car is a machine covered with iron and partially buried underground. It is a machine capable of projecting charcoal fire and is operated by multiple people to defend against enemy siege teams.
The actual mechanism technique is obviously not as magical and amazing as in the game, but with the productivity of more than two thousand years ago, it is not easy to design and manufacture such a complex machine.
Lu Ban was born in a family of generations of craftsmen. He has participated in many civil construction projects with his family since he was a child, gradually mastering the skills of production labor and accumulating rich practical experience.
After about 450 BC, he came to Chu from Lu to help Chu make weapons. He once created a cloud ladder in preparation for attacking the Song Dynasty. Mozi traveled thousands of miles from Lu to the capital of Chu, Ying, for ten days and ten nights.
, argued with Lu Ban and the King of Chu, and persuaded the King of Chu to stop attacking the Song Dynasty.
The hand tools used by woodworking masters, such as drills, planes, shovels, rulers, and ink fountains for marking, are said to have been invented by Lu Ban, and the invention of each tool was inspired by Lu Ban in production practice and after repeated research.
, came out through experiments, but by the time of the Wei Dynasty, a long time had passed, and the authenticity of these could no longer be verified...