Chapter 395: High Expectations, Busy Prime Ministers Mansion
Ma Jun sent Cao Shuang out of the Luoyang fortress in the scorching afternoon sun. At the city gate, Cao Shuang patted Ma Jun on the shoulder again and said: "Deheng, we must teach more craftsmen how to make repeating trebuchets as soon as possible. Your Majesty
He and I both have high hopes for you!"
Ma Jun said solemnly: "Prime Minister, don't worry, I, I will live up to your majesty and the prime minister's trust!"
Cao Shuang then got on his horse, and the soldiers in front and behind Cao Shuang also got on their horses. With the sound of whips waving, Cao Shuang and his soldiers headed towards the far side of the street.
Ma Jun, together with the soldiers and craftsmen at the city gate, clasped their fists and bowed in unison: "I will send you off to the Prime Minister!"
An hour later, Cao Shuang led hundreds of personal guards back to the prime minister's house along the original route...
It was still early, so Cao Shuang didn't rush back to the inner courtyard. He went to the west hall of the front yard to rest first, and took a look to see if there were any big things that needed to be decided by him. If they were ordinary trivial matters, they wouldn't bother him, so Yang Yang
A group of officials from the Prime Minister's Palace headed by Zong were helping to deal with the matter.
Cao Shuang had just climbed up the platform of the West Hall and was about to enter the West Hall. Someone stopped him from behind and said, "Prime Minister, I have something important to report." He could tell that it was Yang Zong's voice, and Cao Shuang thought to himself.
The director of the Kaifu has a lot of things to do, and everything in the court must be gathered into his house first.
But it has to be like this. These are the powers of a country that the powerful ministers need to control. Emperor Wu and Zhuge Liang are all like this.
This is the phenomenon of the decline of imperial power and the rule of powerful ministers, except of course Soochow, and the corresponding "hegemony (hegemony)" government form.
For example, during the Jian'an period, Cao Cao's ruling mode of arrogating Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty and the imperial court and monopolizing state affairs was called "Ba Chao" by historian Yuan Hong and "Ba Fu" by Hu Sansheng.
The Bafu is an agency established by powerful ministers to control the emperor and the court and serve as the actual center of power in the country. It can be the Prime Minister's Palace, the General's Palace, the Grand Sima's Palace, the Taiwei's Palace, the Cavalry General's Palace, etc.
The official highest authority of the state.
Bafu should include two meanings. First, the prime minister (or general, chief minister, etc.) and the prime minister's office actually hold the highest power, and the prime minister's power replaces the imperial power.
Second, the scale and organizational system of the Prime Minister's Office (or other government offices) are quite large, which is different from the scale and organizational system of government offices under the usual organizational system. It is more like a small court.
The hegemony at this time was usually the most typical of Cao Cao's ruling institutions. In the first year of Jian'an (196), he moved the Han Dynasty to Xiandi in Xudu and established Sikong Mansion.
Identity passed away, which lasted 24 years,
It can be divided into three stages based on the development of its power and changes in its form of rule, namely:
The first stage of the Bafu development period, from the first year of Jian'an to the thirteenth year of Jian'an, Cao Cao's Sikong Mansion held actual power. It was initially located in Xudu, in the same city as Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty and the imperial court. The central government nominally had three public offices.
Situ, there is no Taiwei; Cao Cao later eliminated the Yuan family in Hebei, moved the Sikong Mansion to Yecheng, and separated from the imperial capital.
The second stage is the period of consolidation of the hegemony. From the 13th year of Jian'an to the 18th year of Jian'an, Cao Cao proclaimed himself prime minister, abolished the old three-gong system, expanded the size of the prime minister's office, and exercised the original functions of the central court. Cao Cao will no longer return
Xudu no longer visited Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty.
The third stage is the mature period of the Bafu. From the 18th year of Jian'an to the 25th year of Jian'an, Cao Cao granted the title of Duke of Wei and accepted the nine tins, established the Wei State, and built the Sheji Ancestral Temple in Yecheng, and installed the minister, the minister, the six ministers and the five ministers.
Cao Cao established a central government agency and later became king. He adopted a ceremonial system similar to that of the emperor and prepared to completely replace the court of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty. Cao Cao created a model of hegemonic politics, which provided a model for future officials to usurp political power.
After Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and established the country, Zhuge Liang served as the prime minister and "recorded the affairs of the minister". He did not have his own prime minister's office, and his office was located at the minister's desk in the palace.
Until Liu Bei died of illness and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, "in the first year of Jianxing, he was granted the title of Marquis of Wuxiang in Liang Dynasty and opened the (prime minister's) mansion to govern affairs."
This is how the government office came into existence. The Prime Minister's Office of the Shu Han Dynasty existed for a total of 11 years, of which the first 4 years were located in the capital of Chengdu. During Zhuge Liang's southern campaign, he sent Chief Shi Xianglang to join the army and Zhang Yi stayed behind. After the war, he led his troops back.
In the next seven years, Zhuge Liang led his troops on the Northern Expedition. The Prime Minister's Office was permanently located in Hanzhong, or went to the front with the army. The Prime Minister's Office was set up in Chengdu, which was presided over by the chief minister and one person who joined the army.
The nature of the Prime Minister's Office in the Shu Han Dynasty is an issue that needs to be discussed in depth. Zhuge Liang's Prime Minister's Office holds the highest military power in the country, and also controls the administrative power of the central government and Yizhou. There should be no doubt that it belongs to the military government that manages military affairs.
But is the Prime Minister's Mansion in the Shu Han Dynasty also a "Bafu"? Because the aforementioned Bafu is often founded and presided over by treacherous ministers, which is inconsistent with the traditional image of loyal ministers in Kongming Dynasty.
But if we measure it by the meaning of the concept of Bafu, that is, Bafu is an agency established by powerful ministers to control the emperor and the court and serve as the actual center of power in the country, then Zhuge Liang's Prime Minister's Palace is basically consistent in many aspects.
Zhuge Liang firmly controlled the Shu Han regime both when he was in Chengdu and when he was stationed in Hanzhong in the north. His status was higher than that of ordinary prime ministers, and he implemented strict supervision and restrictions on his successor Liu Chan. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to call him a powerful minister.
In addition, powerful ministers also have loyal ministers, such as Zhou Gong and Huo Guang. Saying that Zhuge Liang is a powerful minister does not mean that he is a treacherous minister.
When Zhuge Liang was in Chengdu, he handled government affairs with the respect of "prime minister", "no matter how big or small, Liang was dedicated to everything", similar to the regent of Zhou Gong.
When Deng Zhi was on an envoy to the State of Wu, he also said to Sun Quan: "In the four states of Wu and Shu, the great king appointed him a hero, and Zhuge Liang was also a hero of his time."
The two people are compared as heads of state. Zhuge Liang served as prime minister, and after he established the government, he called himself "Gu". This is a noteworthy phenomenon. For example, Qiao Zhou was eight feet tall and was jokingly called "Chang'er".
(Qiao) When Zhou first met Zhuge Liang, his entourage laughed at him. After Qiao Zhou left, the relevant officials asked for punishment for those who laughed in the court.
Zhuge Liang refused and said: "I can't bear to be alone, how can I be so good!" In ancient times, when the princes separated themselves, they called themselves "Gu". For example, Tian Heng said to his guests: "Hengshi and the King of Han both called themselves Gu in the south. Now the King of Han is the emperor, and Heng
He went to the north to conquer the captives, and his shame is already too great."
During the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, the warlords of one side, such as Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan, all called themselves "isolated". For example, Cao Cao said: "If there is no orphan in the country, I don't know how many people will be called emperors and how many will be called kings."
Sun Quan said to Zhou Yu: "Today, several heroes have been destroyed, but Gu is still alive. Gu and the old thieves are incompatible with each other."
Liu Bei said to Pang Tong: "Gu Yi Zhongmou (a nickname of Sun Quan) is defending in the north, so I should rely on Gu for reinforcements, so I have no doubts about my determination."
At this time, Zhuge Liang proclaimed himself a minister to Liu Chan, but called himself "Gu" to other subjects. It can be seen that his status at that time was no longer an ordinary minister, but a powerful minister under one person and above ten thousand people.