Emperor Shuang: The counterattack started from the Gaopingling Incident Chapter 419: No talent and no virtue, establishing virtuous people but not standing up
Chapter 419: No talent and no virtue, establishing virtuous people but not standing up
Sun Quan seemed to be immersed in the sound of Sanskrit chants. After a moment, he said firmly: "As long as I make enough preparations, I will be able to avoid the disasters that the previous generation mentioned by you. You don't need to persuade me anymore."
That’s it, I have decided that the prince has no talent and virtue, so I will definitely depose him, in order to ensure the longevity of Jiangdong’s foundation!”
Zhi Qian's wisdom lies not only in his understanding of Han and Buddhist studies, but also in his understanding of people's hearts. He understood that this was just an excuse for Sun Quan to change the crown prince, and it was no longer something he could advise. He had no choice but to say: "Your Majesty is wise."
In ancient times, powerful men, including monarchs, had many wives and concubines.
Therefore, most of them will give birth to sons who are in a class or above, and a few can even give birth to a son who is in a strengthened platoon.
Having too many sons is also troublesome, because there can only be one heir. In order to avoid internal fighting over inheritance, the ancients invented the eldest son inheritance system, that is, the first son born to the first wife (if the first wife has no children, the eldest son of the concubine) is the eldest son by convention.
legal heir.
Although this system is too pedantic and stubborn and has many drawbacks, it can to a large extent ensure the smooth transfer of power and reduce the probability of civil strife. China has basically strictly abided by this rule for more than two thousand years. The inheritance rights
The practice of transferring wealth to sons other than the eldest son is called abolishing the eldest son and establishing the younger son.
Throughout history, the monarch's practice of abolishing elders and establishing younger ones often led to internal strife between clans. Bloodshed and sacrifice were a trivial matter, but if it got serious, the country would suffer.
Therefore, since ancient times, there has been a warning saying "Abolish the elder and establish the young, which is the way to bring disaster". But there are always exceptions in everything. There are also many monarchs in history who not only abolished the elder and established the young without causing disaster, but also achieved unexpected results.
What Sun Quan thought was that he was one of the few exceptions.
Because King Wuling of Zhao missed his dead lover Wu Wa, he deposed his eldest son Zhao Zhang and established Wu Wa's son Zhao He.
And what he did was particularly outrageous. Other monarchs abolished the eldest son's crown prince position and established the youngest son as the new crown prince. He was better off. He abolished the eldest son's crown prince position and directly established the youngest son as king in one step. He called himself the master father.
Take a back seat.
Originally everything was under control, but the problem was that when King Zhao Wuling took his two sons to inspect the Sand Dune Palace, he saw the obedient eldest son Zhao Zhangshi kneeling under him and his younger son. He felt heartbroken and felt that he had gone too far. The eldest son
He didn't make any mistakes and just destroyed him like this.
So, he thought of a compensation method, dividing the Zhao Kingdom into north and south parts. The south part belonged to his younger son Zhao He, and the north part belonged to his eldest son Zhao Zhang. He managed the two kings himself.
This was considered to have laid the foundation for disaster. The youngest son who had already become the king and the important ministers did not agree, so they wanted to take action to get rid of Zhao Zhang first. As a result, Zhao Zhang was forced to panic, and the rebellion failed.
He had no choice but to escape to the palace of King Wuling of Zhao. The final result was that Zhao Zhang was killed under the instruction of Zhao He. King Wuling of Zhao was besieged by soldiers for three months and died of starvation. However, it was considered the right thing to do to make his younger son king.
On the other hand, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty deposed Liu Rong as the crown prince just because his eldest son Liu Rong's mother, Li Ji, was jealous and not generous enough.
Liu Rong later violated the law because of his construction of the palace and was arrested by Zhidu, a famous cruel official at the time.
As a result, Liu Rong's request to see Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty was rejected, and he was blocked from writing letters. In desperation, he actually committed suicide.
Judging from the course and outcome of the incident, historians generally believe that Liu Rong was deliberately forced to death by Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty.
Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty was recognized as a benevolent emperor in history, but in order to clear the way for his youngest son Liu Che to successfully ascend the throne, he forced his own son Liu Rong to death, and later forced to death the famous general Zhou Yafu with great military exploits.
Although Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty's actions were ruthless, they ensured the smooth transfer of power after his death. Liu Che did not disappoint Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty after he came to the throne. His achievements in governing the country were brilliant, and he could be called the only emperor in the history, that is, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
If the monarch is lucky and has a group of sensible and generous wives and children, and the family is harmonious and happy, and his feelings will not be hurt by the issue of inheritance, it will be very natural to abolish the elders and establish the younger ones.
However, this situation is really rare. Looking through the history books, I am afraid that only Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty Liu Xiu deposed his eldest son Liu Jiang and established his fourth son Liu Zhuang who met this condition.
Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty abolished the eldest son and established a young one. There were really no disturbances. Except for Liu Jiang's mother, Queen Guo Shengtong, who was dissatisfied after she was deposed, everything was almost peaceful.
The most fundamental reason here is that the eldest son Liu Jiang was self-aware. Other princes were passive when they were deposed, but he took the initiative to humbly resign from the position of prince. He even remained completely unmoved when he was incited to rebel by outsiders many times and took the initiative to explain.
Moreover, Liu Zhuang's mother Yin Lihua was also a famous empress in history. She and her son Liu Zhuang were very generous and generous. After taking power, Liu Jiang's mother and son could not have been kinder to Guo Shengtong.
The final result is that except for the small actions of a few individuals, the relationship between the five parties involved in abolishing the elder and establishing the younger has always been relatively harmonious. It can only be said that Liu Xiu's luck is really great! He is indeed the chosen one.
the son of.
Sun Quan was the same as the previous monarchs. Most monarchs abolished their elders and established young ones because they doted on the mother of their young children. However, this reason was certainly not sufficient. They could not openly tell the government and the public that they had established a certain concubine because they liked her too much.
Let your son be the prince.
But Chinese people can always think of a workaround, which is the so-called "establishing the virtuous but not the strong".
Sun Quan continued to speak: "I am following the ancient principle of establishing virtuous people rather than senior officials. I will also learn from the lessons of Yuan Benzhu, Liu Jingsheng and others."
However, this method of self-deception is too obvious, because it is often the monarch himself who has the final say on whether the younger son is virtuous or not. If you want a sufficient reason, you still have to look at the specific situation. Either the younger son is indeed virtuous enough, or the eldest son is a jerk enough.
However, there are more failures in abolishing the elders and establishing younger ones. Not to mention far away, there have been quite a few in recent years. Yuan Benchu accelerated his demise by using his younger son as his heir.
Yuan Shao died in 202 AD. Two years ago, he fought the Battle of Guandu with Cao Cao, which was a decisive battle that decided the fate of the north.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! Yuan Shao was defeated miserably, but his power was still strong. After Yuan Shao returned to Hebei, he gradually put down the internal rebellions, and his power showed signs of recovery.
It's just that Yuan Shao had some physical problems and left before he could regain his former strength. Yuan Shao had three sons, and his favorite was the youngest Yuan Shang. He always wanted to pass the throne to him, but due to etiquette, he couldn't make up his mind.
Before his death, Yuan Shao still did not make clear arrangements on this issue, but he kept Yuan Shang by his side and sent his eldest son Yuan Tan abroad, which actually indicated that Yuan Shang would succeed him.
After Yuan Shao's death, Yuan Shang succeeded to the throne by virtue of his superiority. In order to appease Yuan Tan, he appointed him as the general of chariots and cavalry.
But Yuan Tan wanted Yuan Shao's position, not a nominal official position. He knew that writing didn't work, so he used force, and the two brothers soon started fighting among themselves.
They did this, which saved Cao Cao a lot of trouble in pacifying Hebei. In order to reap the benefits, Cao Cao even deliberately withdrew his troops and made them fight more fiercely before using troops again.
In 205 AD, Cao Cao destroyed Yuan Tan. In 207 AD, Yuan Shang fled to Liaodong and was killed by Gongsun Kang of Liaodong. His head was given to Cao Cao. So far, all of Hebei was pacified.
Although Yuan Shao's two sons were fighting among themselves, they persisted for five years. One can imagine how powerful Yuan Shao was.
If Yuan Shao did not provoke a dispute between elder and younger, Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang could unite to deal with Cao Cao. It would not be so easy for Cao Cao to pacify Hebei. Even if he succeeded, it would definitely take a long time.
Liu Biao of Jingzhou had been struggling with the issue of who to choose between his eldest son and his youngest son. Before his death, Liu Biao also left his youngest son by his side, while his eldest son was still far away in Jiangxia.
The youngest son Liu Cong was related by marriage to Liu Biao's second wife Cai, so Cai clearly supported Liu Cong and rejected Liu Qi. However, the powerful representatives of Jingzhou, Cai, Kuai, and Zhang, who stood behind Cai, all chose Liu Cong. Liu Biao did not change Jingzhou.
The power structure basically acquiesced to Liu Cong's succession.
About a year after Cao Cao wiped out Hebei, he moved south. At this time, Liu Biao happened to die of illness, and Liu Cong was elected as his heir by Jingzhou's powerful men.
However, Liu Cong only reigned for a month. Facing the powerful Cao Cao, Jingzhou's powerful forces encouraged him to surrender without a fight. Liu Cong had no choice but to accept. The Liu Biao Group that had been separatist in Jingzhou for nearly twenty years was instantly destroyed.