Korea, a country that has been respectful of duties and tributes during the Ming Dynasty for more than two hundred years, is known as "Little China" like Annan Kingdom. It was very respectful to the Ming Dynasty, so respectful that even the name of the country was decided by the Ming Dynasty. In that year, North Korea's Taizu
Li Chenggui overthrew the Goryeo Dynasty and proclaimed himself king. In order to gain the support of the Ming Dynasty, he sent envoys to meet Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.
The envoy said to Lao Zhu: "Your Majesty, our lord King Li Chenggui sent a minister to ask you for instructions. He chose two country names: one is North Korea, and the other is the place where my king's father worked - Hening.
Whichever one you think is better, we will use it."
Lao Zhu said: "North Korea is an ancient name. The North Korea and Japan are bright and elegant. I think our country should be called North Korea." In this way, there is an additional country called North Korea on the map.
Li Chenggui's flattery made Lao Zhu very happy. This small country is nice and obedient. I even let me decide the name of the country!
I'm very happy. Taizu of the Ming Dynasty was a master of politics, and he played the Taizu of North Korea to one after another. He named Li Chenggui a country, but refused to recognize Li Chenggui's throne. The more I don't recognize you,
The more you try to please me, the more you admit it, you will no longer care about me.
This trick was very effective. As expected, Li Chenggui fawned over Lao Zhu in every possible way. During the New Year and festivals, he would send carloads of gifts to the Ming Dynasty. The seals on them were more humble than the others. Even the palace he built, Gyeongbokgung Palace, was huge in area and ceremony.
Strictly abiding by the vassal relationship with the Ming Dynasty and regulating the prince's palace, all buildings did not dare to use yellow and were all painted in blue.
Lao Zhu is very sinister. He accepts the courtesy but refuses to acknowledge you. I don’t acknowledge you, but my descendants can acknowledge you. Hum!
More than two hundred years have passed, and the Ming Dynasty seems to be dying.
The fifteenth generation king of Joseon, King Gwanghae, felt that the rise of Nurhaci was inevitable and wanted to abandon the Ming Dynasty and surrender to the Qing Dynasty. The pro-Ming faction in the country did not agree, so Ayangjun Lee Joo overthrew King Gwanghae and became the sixteenth generation king of Joseon.
Injo of Joseon.
Four years ago, Injo passed away, and his son Li Hao succeeded him as the seventeenth generation king of Joseon, Hyojong.
Injo, Hyojong and his son were both die-hard pro-myeong faction.
Unfortunately, the situation is not what we expected.
During the reign of King Injo, the Qing court repeatedly sent envoys to North Korea to submit letters asking them to break away from the Ming Dynasty and form an alliance with the Hou Jin Dynasty. King Injo was more determined than the Jin Dynasty and refused. In the first year of Qing Tiancong (1627), Huang Taiji and
Bel Amin led the troops to invade North Korea, which was known in history as Ding Mao's chaos. North Korea was defeated and forced to negotiate a peace and pay tribute to Jin Sui.
In 1636, Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor. He informed North Korea of the matter in advance, hoping that North Korea would participate in persuading them to invade. North Korea was in an uproar after hearing the news. Our country is a country of etiquette, how can we persuade barbarians to invade? Ministers made heartfelt speeches, and in an impassioned atmosphere
Later, King Injo refused to meet the Hou Jin envoys and refused to accept their letters. The Hou Jin envoys left angrily, and the people along the way "blocked the road with spectators, and urchins threw rubbles to humiliate them." Huang Taiji held a ceremony to proclaim himself emperor, and North Korea
The envoys Luo Xian and Li Kuo refused to bow. Huang Taiji was very angry. It was a small country and it was impossible to deal with it! On December 2 of that year, Huang Taiji personally unified a hundred thousand troops to conquer North Korea again.
This battle severely damaged Korea. On the 30th of the first month of 1637, Injo led his ministers out of Namhan Mountain City and walked to the Qing army camp to see Huang Taiji. He fell on the ground to plead guilty. Huang Taiji issued an edict to pardon him. The two sides built an altar and swore an alliance.
, North Korea went to the next year, paid the imperial edict given by the Ming Dynasty, regarded the Qing Dynasty as Zhengshuo, made regular contributions, and sent two protons. Hong Yihan, Yin Ji, and Wu Daji, the most determined leaders in the Korean court, were captured by the Qing Dynasty.
The army asked for it, and he died in Shenyang. He was known as the "Three Scholars" and was known as the "Bingzi Chaos" in history.
Bingzi's chaos had a great impact on Korean society and culture. With a highly developed Confucian civilization, Korea, which regarded itself as "Little China", was reduced to a vassal state of backward mountainous barbarians, which made the monarchs, ministers and people feel sad, and the authority of the king and Yangban plummeted.
The Qing court's conquests also increased the burden on the Joseon Dynasty. To the end of the Joseon Dynasty, anti-Ming anti-Qing sentiments have always been the mainstream of social thought. After Injo's death, the Qing Dynasty gave him the posthumous title of Jangmu, but in the end of the Li Dynasty, this
Posthumous titles and the posthumous titles given to the kings of the Li Dynasty by the Qing Dynasty are not used by North Korea.
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Gyeongbokgung Palace, the first of the five palaces in Korea, was named after the word "Gyeongbok" in "The Gentleman for Ten Thousand Years, Is Gyeongbokgung" in the Book of Songs. In the Qinzheng Hall of the main hall of the palace, Xiaozong Li Haozheng and the leader Jin Yu,
Zheng Taihe, Bingcao Banshu Yuan Doupiao, guarding envoy Li Shifang, imperial camp general and training general Li Huan, Hongwenguan deputy school manager Min Dingzhong and other ministers conspired.
Xiaozong Li Hao, who is thirty-four years old this year, is fair and clean, very elegant, and has a thick long beard, which adds a bit of majesty to the monarch.
This is a legendary king, and his life is a legend. He is wise, wise, decisive, and willful.
He was very smart. He started studying at the age of five. He studied under the southern scholar Yin Shandao for three years from the age of ten. Once, Li Hao asked Yin Shandao about his life. Yin Shandao replied: "'The prince, Wang Sunfang, sings and dances under the tree.
Isn't "Before the Falling Flowers" a masterpiece through the ages?" Li Hao understood as soon as he heard it, the master was teaching me to hide one's strength and bide one's time.
Soon, he realized more deeply the true meaning of keeping a low profile.
During the "Bingzi Rebellion", Li Hao, his younger brother Li?, the crown prince's concubine Jiang and other royal family members fled to Ganghwa Island. Dorgon led his army to attack Ganghwa Island. Li Hao summoned all the ministers from the border divisions to "armor and recruit troops" and was defeated.
Dorgon sent people to the city to persuade him to surrender, otherwise he would massacre the city and there was nothing he could do. He kept a low profile and surrendered. Dorgon treated him politely and asked him to write a letter to persuade his father Injo to surrender. He kept a low profile and wrote. After Injo saw the letter and surrendered, he
At Santian Ferry on the south bank of the Han River, he knelt three times and kowtowed nine times to Huang Taiji. Li Hao and other prisoners stood under the surrender altar, keeping a low profile and watching. Then, he and his brother Prince Zhaoxian were escorted to the Qing Dynasty as hostages.
, I have no choice but to continue to hide my capabilities and bide my time and suffer.
Li Hao hated the Qing captives, but he kept Yin Shandao's teachings in mind and did not show it at all. Huang Taiji escorted him and Prince Zhaoxian to Jinzhou to observe the Songjin battle and show off their military power. He praised the Eight Banners as a real force
Yes! He pretended to be drinking and playing without any interest in learning. Huang Taiji and Dorgon both thought that this little prince was good, friendly to the Qing Dynasty, and he also ate, drank and had fun all day long. He was a waste and easy to control, which was good. p>
The life of a hostage lasts seven years.
Not long after returning to Joseon, his elder brother Prince Sohyun passed away. According to the rules, the son of Prince Sohyun should be made the prince's grandson. Knowing a son is better than his father. King Injo knew that his second son was very capable and wanted to make him the prince's son. It was not in line with the etiquette and he was punished.
Most of the ministers objected. At this time, the Qing court helped. Jin Zidian, the pro-Qing faction of the Luoxing Prefecture, supported it. The Qing court also sent Qi Chongge, a bachelor of the Hanlin Hongwen Academy, and Zhu Shiqi, a doctor in the Ministry of Rites, to North Korea. On the third day of Shunzhi
On the third day of the first month of the year (1646), he was officially canonized as the Crown Prince of the King of Joseon.
Li Hao's efforts to keep a low profile and bide his time received the first reward.
Later, his father Injo passed away and Li Hao succeeded to the throne. The officials in power at that time were divided into four parties, namely the Luo Party headed by Jin Zidian, the Lord of Luoxing Prefecture, the Yuan Party headed by Yuan Doupiao, the former Lord of Pingfu Yuan, and the Jin Party.
The Shan Party, headed by the "Shanlin" Confucian forces such as Ji, and the Han Party, headed by Jin Yu and other Seoul political bureaucrats. The most powerful among them is the Luo Party. The biggest political feature of the Luo Party, headed by Jin Zidian, is that it is close to the Qing Dynasty.
It is mandatory to use the Qing Dynasty era name on all occasions.
The Luo Party was very powerful and had the support of the Manchus. Xiaozong decided to continue to hide his power and bide his time. On the surface, he praised Jin Zidian and others, but secretly supported his own power. He appointed people from the Shan Party and the Han Party who were close to the Ming Dynasty.
Jin Ji was appointed as the ceremonial counselor and chief minister of Xian, Song Junji was appointed as the official of the Si Xianfu, and Song Siyeol was appointed as the commander of the Si Xianfu. He also summoned Jin Sangxian, an important minister of the anti-peace faction who had been living in seclusion.
Then, he created public opinion. He accepted the suggestion of Zhao Yun, the teacher of Hongwen Hall, and wrote the Qing Dynasty name in the jade book of Renzu and the Zhishi, sending a signal of anti-Qing. He also began to brew the "Northern Expedition Theory" and planned to cooperate with the Central Plains to fight against the Qing Dynasty.
Power, overthrow the Qing Dynasty by force, restore the Ming Dynasty, and the shame of Ding Chou coming to the city.
In order to test the attitude of the ministers, he emphasized at a sutra banquet that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was superior to Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty because he was able to defeat the shame of the city. This statement was opposed by the Confucian officials present, but Song Shilie and other ministers understood the meaning of King Xiaozong from it.
In a profound sense, Shangshu proposed the idea of "repairing political affairs to repel the barbarians and Di", which was a response to Xiaozong's "Northern Expedition Theory".
Seeing this, Xiaozong was relieved. There were still many close ministers in the court. So, when he was ready, he launched an attack and exiled Luo Party leader Jin Zidian, and the original party leader Yuan Doupiao was dismissed from office.
Next, reform.
Xiaozong realized that if North Korea wanted to get rid of the control of the Qing court, it must reform and enhance its national strength.
He promoted the "Shixian Calendar" created by the Western missionary Tang Ruowang; he promoted the "Datong Law" of collecting rice on behalf of tribute and settling accounts according to fields; he implemented the promotion of slaves and slaves to expand finances; he expanded armaments, with Li Shifang as the guardian envoy responsible for rectification
Guarding the garrison hall of the capital, the subordinate tooth soldiers were reorganized into gunmen and archers. Li Huan was appointed as the general of the garrison, responsible for reorganizing and expanding the garrison hall of the central army to 21,000 people, and in the garrison.
The hall set up cavalry and artillery. Then Li Huan was appointed as the training general, and he reorganized and expanded another central army, the training supervisor, and expanded the training supervisor from 5,000 to more than 7,000. He also established his own imperial army.
The Three Guards - the Inner Imperial Guards, who are also servants, and the Habayashi Guards were merged into the "Inner Three Halls", with left and right generals in charge. At the same time, the number of the Imperial Guards was expanded from 600 to 1,000. For the local army, battalion generals were implemented.
system, dispatching battalions from the central government to train and command local armies.
A series of reforms triggered conflicts between the pro-reform Han Party and the conservative San Party. Hyojong showed his iron fist and supported the Han Party headed by Kim Yu. Kim Sang-heon, Kim Ji, Song Joon-gil, Song Si-yeol and other San Party members all left the court. p>
The Luo Party counterattacked. After Jin Zidian was exiled, he sent his confidant Li Xinchang to inform the Qing Dynasty, saying that Xiaozong deposed his old ministers close to the Qing Dynasty, appointed denouncers and scholars, and conspired against the Qing Dynasty. They also sent Injo Changling, who did not write the Qing Dynasty title.
Zhiwen texts were used as evidence. At this time, Xiaozong reported on the "Japanese sentiment" and requested permission for North Korea to build cities and train soldiers to defend against Japan. At the same time, he requested that drifting Han ships be sent to the Japanese Pavilion, which angered the Qing Dynasty. Dorgon was furious.
Qi Chongge and other six envoys were sent to attack North Korea, which was known in history as the "Six Envoys' Accusation Incident".
At that time, "people were frightened" and "the government and the public were turbulent", and there were rumors that the Qing troops were suppressing the country. When Xiaozong heard about it, he was also "trembled and worried, and could not sleep at night". After careful consideration, he decided to continue to hide his power and bide his time, and appointed Yuan Doupiao, who had been dismissed from office.
In order to contact the envoy from afar, he recruited the original party to deal with the Luo party. Seeing his respectful attitude, the Qing envoy made loud noises and only asked about the construction of the city, and quickly passed the test. Then,
The envoy of the Qing Dynasty proposed marriage to Dorgon. He had no choice but to keep a low profile! Xiaozong then took the daughter of Li Kaiyin, the king of Jinlin of the royal family, as his adopted daughter, named Princess Yishun, and married Dorgon.
After defeating the Manchus, they then dealt with the pro-Qing faction in the country
Smashed the attempted coup of the Luo Party, escorted Jin Zidian from Guangyang, the place of exile, to Seoul, and executed him at an early date, completely consolidating the royal power. Then Jin Yu and Zheng Taihe of the Han Party took turns to lead the political affairs, leading the political situation, and at the same time supplemented by
The power of the original party and southerners.
Xiaozong asked the leader Jin Yu seriously: "Has the secret envoy sent to the Ming Dynasty set off?"
Jin Yu said: "I have sent Song Shilie to Nanjing. He has resigned. Even if he is caught by the barbarians, he will not be exposed easily.
Song Siyeol was the leader of the Shan Party and Xiaozong's second teacher. Although he was dismissed from office because of his conservativeness and opposition to reform, he was a member of the Iron Guard pro-Ming faction.
Xiaozong was very assured of Song Shilie's integrity and character. He nodded and said, "It's very good that Jin Qing sent Song Shilie to handle this matter. He is so magnanimous as a prime minister!"
Jin Yu smiled and said: "Your Highness, although I and Song Siyeol have different political views, they have no personal hatred. They are both dedicated to North Korea."
