The question of who is hungry depends on heaven, what you need to know about governing a country.
The fleet of corrupt officials is standing still, and the god of thunder is beating the drum.
The people of Hongyang are fine in the past, and there will be a new year if there is no drought.
From then on, the royal family sings and plays happily, and Yuli Tianbao will never be wrong.
After returning to Guilin, Zhu Hengjia, after repeated discussions with Guan Shouzhen, Sun Jinding, Yu Chaoxiang, Zheng Feng and other important ministers, finally issued the "Ming Dynasty Edict" on April 16, the 19th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty.
This is a long and stinky, yet significant, policy edict that shines with golden light in every aspect. Its promulgation means that the Ming Dynasty has entered a new era.
1. Political power construction.
First, reopen the imperial examination
Order each county to hold the county examination on May 10th; each prefecture (directly-governed state) to hold the government examination on June 20th; and each provincial academic administration (originally named Xuedao) to hold the academic examination on July 30th. Scholars A basket of baskets brings happiness to Prince Jing.
The Ministry of Rites and the Hanlin Academy sent officials to hold the rural examinations (Autumn Wei) in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Annan on September 10, 13, and 16. The examination venues were divided into: Guangxi Province prefectures, Guilin Prefecture Gongyuan; Guangdong four prefectures One state is in the Gongyuan of Zhaoqing Prefecture; the three Annan prefectures are in the Gongyuan of Xin'an Prefecture. If you are successful, you can register with the Ministry of Civil Affairs and serve as county magistrates, edicts and other county-level officials, which greatly alleviates Zhu Hengjia's dilemma of insufficient talents.< /p>
The general examination (ceremony examination) will be held on November 3, 6, and 9; the palace examination will be held on December 20. Zhu Hengjia is looking forward to having a group of Jinshi in his hands. Jinshi and the number one scholar, Second place in the rankings, third overall), born as a Jinshi, born with the same Jinshi, a hero in the world, into an orphan!
Second, eliminate redundant officials
Central level
The Taichang Temple, Guanglu Temple, Honglu Temple, Xingren Department, Jiaofang Department, Senglu Department, and Daolu Department related to the Ministry of Rites will be merged into the four departments of Rituals, Temple Sacrifice, Host and Guest, and Fine Food of the Ministry of Rites.
Merge Taipu Temple, which is related to the Ministry of War, into the Vehicle Driving Department of the Ministry of War.
In view of the collapse of the guard system, the Five Military Governor's Office, which is closely related to the guard system, was abolished.
The six departments that originally supervise the six departments will be merged into the Supervisory Office to perform supervisory functions in a unified manner.
In this way, at the central level, the original six ministries, three prefectures, five temples, two prisons, five divisions, and three courtyards were abolished into six ministries (officials, households, rituals, soldiers, criminals, and workers), two prefectures (zongrenfu, Zhanshifu), and one temple (Dali Temple), two prisons (Guozijian, Qintianjian), one department (General Affairs Department), three hospitals (Hanlin Academy, Ducha Yuan, Taiyuan Hospital).
local level
Abolition of the Dao-level establishment. The original four-level establishment of province, Dao, prefecture (or directly-governed prefecture), and county (or scattered prefecture) will be abolished to the three-level establishment of province, prefecture (or directly-governed prefecture), and county (or scattered prefecture). .
Third, rectify the administration of officials
The Beijing inspection, which was originally held once every six years, will be changed to once every three years. It will start on December 20 this year.
Chen Bangyan, the censor of the Metropolitan Procuratorate, is ordered to patrol Guangxi and patrol Guangxi; Li Ruyue, the censor of the Metropolitan Procuratorate, is ordered to patrol four prefectures and one prefecture in Guangdong; Chen Zizhuang, the censor of the Metropolitan Procuratorate, is ordered to patrol the three prefectures of Annan.
.These three people were recruited by Zhu Hengjia in every possible way. Li Ruyue was skinned for contradicting Sun Kewang in history, and Chen Zizhuang and Chen Bangyan died heroically in resisting the Manchu Qing Dynasty.
He also set up a "Dengwen Drum" at the gate of Jingjiang Royal City to let the Supervisory Office take turns to record. If any administration is inconvenient for the people, the village elders and leaders are allowed to file a lawsuit and have it eliminated immediately; if there is anything that can facilitate the people, it will be done immediately.
. He also ordered local officials, regardless of whether they were gentlemen, soldiers or civilians, for the sake of the local government, even if they were fools, they were allowed to make suggestions and make introductions. They were not allowed to block them, and they were not allowed to go into the details even if they made absurd remarks. Zhu Hengjia was just showing up, and he was dealing with all kinds of things.
, how can I have time to receive petitions? Unexpectedly, when I heard about it, I stood up and all the Guizhou leaders were moved to call for the benevolence of the country.
2. Economic policy
First, taxation
One: Cancel the tax-free and corvee-free privileges of clan members, officials, and gentry. In order to set an example, Zhu Hengjia ordered his more than 100 royal villages to also pay taxes to the Ministry of Household Affairs.
Second: cancel various agricultural miscellaneous taxes and only collect land taxes, with a tax rate of two-tenths.
Three: Commercial taxes are uniformly levied at one-thirtieth of the Taizu Dynasty.
Residence tax (business tax): official store tax, rented house tax, door-to-door bill, land tax, tooth tax, deed tax, wine and vinegar tax, butcher tax, etc. remain unchanged.
Overtax (municipal ship tax): City gate tax is cancelled; banknote tariffs, quota taxes, etc. remain unchanged; four new customs offices are established in Qinzhou, Lianzhou Prefecture, Wuchuan, Gaozhou Prefecture, Changhua, Qiongzhou Prefecture, and Xin'an Prefecture, Annan. Zhu Hengjia's supervision of the customs
Taxes give high expectations.
Four: Check the salt tax.
Salt tax: According to the old system of Taizu, a tax of 22 taels per kilogram of salt was imposed. Zhu Hengjia ordered the Ministry of Household Affairs to send personnel to Guangxi, western Guangdong, and Qiongzhou to investigate the salt administration. The salt tax of the Ming Dynasty could theoretically collect more than 10 million taels, but
It is difficult to actually collect one million taels. Zhu Hengjia expressed his dissatisfaction and had to send someone to investigate.
Second, abolish the mining ban
In addition to strategic minerals such as gold, silver, and copper, private mining is allowed. The mining tax, which is the mining tax, is levied at two-tenths.
Order the Ministry of Household Affairs to send officials to explore mineral resources and develop financial resources.
Third, prepare to build Daming Bank
The Ministry of Household Affairs was ordered to send officials to unite major private banks to prepare for the establishment of the Daming Bank, which will be the future Central Bank of the Ming Dynasty. Only with a central bank, the next step of casting money, printing money, and implementing it will be convenient.
Fourth, minting money and printing banknotes
The Ministry of Revenue is ordered to join forces with major banks to prepare for the casting of Jingjiang Tongbao. Of course, it is just preparations now, and the matter of casting money and printing banknotes cannot be rushed, as it is easy to cause trouble. Managing a big country is like cooking small delicacies, and Zhu Hengjia feels that it is better to be more stable.
Fifth, newly built water conservancy projects
The Ministry of Industry was ordered to supervise water and the Second Division of Tuntian to build canals, dams and other water conservancy facilities in various places.
Sixth, reward farming and weaving
Zhu Hengjia personally promulgated an edict to encourage agriculture, and ordered the Ministry of Rites and the Ministry of Household Affairs to distribute it to various places; he ordered the Qin Tianjian to revise the lunar calendar, and the Imperial College to translate agricultural books from various countries and popularize them; he ordered the Ministry of Household Affairs to compile agricultural policies and household registration, introduce sweet potatoes and other high-yielding crops, and encourage the people to work in drought.
, the wasteland belongs to the cultivators; and various places are ordered to commend the masters of farming, weave cloth and women, beat gongs and drums, and ride horses to praise the streets.
Seventh, encourage the establishment of industries
Encourage banks to lend money to industrial owners for textiles, shipbuilding, etc. New industries will be exempted from tax for three years, and after three years, an industrial tax will be levied at one-tenth of the profits. Capitalism has sprouted in the Ming Dynasty, and Zhu Hengjia really wanted to take advantage of the capitalists. 3. Military aspects
First, affirm military discipline
Promulgated the 18th article of military regulations. He also ordered: Any officer or soldier who steals anything from the people will be beheaded immediately; if the leader does not head, he will be seated; if the officer fails to observe, he will be punished with eighty sticks. If the legislation is strict, history
When Zaifan sent troops to conquer the country, the chickens and dogs were not afraid of the roads they passed, and people were constantly selling wine and meat on the roadside. The people were in peace and became rich.
Even the feudal scholar who was the most determined to oppose Jing Fan's rebellion also praised: "Jing Ni's legislation was very strict, and the soldiers and the people were in peace."
Second, reward military merit, provide compensation for casualties, and confer titles and fields
Zhu Hengjia canceled the beheading-level merit-recording policy and changed it to the registration and recording of meritorious services for town governors. After returning to Guilin, Zhu Hengjia granted part of the confiscated rebel chieftain land to the meritorious officers based on their military exploits at all levels, ranging from ten acres to twenty acres to several acres.
Hundreds, thousands of acres.
The fallen soldiers will be given 100 acres of fertile land to their families; the disabled soldiers will be given 50 acres of fertile land.
The remaining combatants were also given two taels of silver. The military was very happy.
Yang Guowei was also conferred the title of Marquis of Xingye, Shi Qiwen was the Marquis of Pingnan, Fan Youxian was the Marquis of Dingbei, Li Mingzhong was the Dingxi Bo, Yan Zungao was the Wuyong Bo, Yang Wu was the Annan Bo, Sun Gui was the Dinghai Bo, Yang Huai was the Zhongyong Bo, and Zhu Heng
He became the general of the country.
Yan Tianfeng was originally the same count as Yang Guowei, Shi Qiwen, and Fan Youxian, but Yan Tianfeng was stationed in Zhaoqing and did not participate in the war and made meritorious service. The other three were promoted to marquis due to their military exploits. Zhu Hengjia was afraid that Yan Tianfeng would be disappointed, so he gave birth to his daughter Zhu Huiting (eight years old) of Lipu County
) was promised to Yan Tianfeng's youngest son Yan Xiaoyong (13 years old). "Sitting in the position of supervising the country, you must consider the issue comprehensively!" Zhu Hengjia thought.
Third, strict training
Order all ministries to conduct drills day and night, regardless of whether they are fighting or guarding troops. Three, six, and nine are major drills.
Fourth, strengthen military production
The General Department was expanded from the four departments of military selection, staff, chariot and arsenal to the fifth department of military selection, staff, chariot, arsenal and arsenal.
The newly established Arms Department has one doctor (the fifth rank), two Yuanwailang (the fifth rank), and several chief officers (the sixth rank), who are specifically responsible for military production. It consists of the War Horse Department, the Firearms Department, the Armor Department, and the Munitions Department.
, Ship Department, each has a principal responsible for it. Zhu Hengjia asked them to formulate a system and reward inventions and creations heavily; he also allowed them to produce by themselves or place orders for private parties while maintaining quality.
Fifth, expand the navy
Order the construction of military ports and water villages in Hepu, Lianzhou, Danzhou, Qiongzhou, Dianbai, Gaozhou, and Xing'an, Annan.
Liu Gui was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Navy, commanding 15,000 sailors and 492 warships of various sizes, stationed at Hepu; Tian Hu was ordered to garrison the Danzhou Water Camp, leading a thousand soldiers and various warships. There are fifty ships; Qian Liang is ordered to guard the Dianbai Water Camp, with a thousand sailors and fifty warships of various types; Wang Zhiguo is ordered to guard the Xing'an Water Camp, with six hundred sailors and thirty warships of various types.
In view of the small size of the Jing army's naval vessels and insufficient firepower, Zhu Hengjia ordered the Ship Bureau of the Armament Department of the Ministry of War to organize special personnel to imitate the sail warships of the Xiyi people.
Sixth, dismantle the guardhouse
The provincial guard posts were downgraded from the capital command history to the command history. At the provincial level, there are command histories (the third rank), commanding Tongzhi (the third rank), commanding officials (the fourth rank), guards and governors (the fifth rank), etc.; There are one thousand households at the level (the fifth rank), one thousand deputy households (the fifth rank), and a town and governor (the sixth rank). There are hundreds of households at the county level, with a general banner and a number of small banners.
After the reform, the garrison stations in each province were equivalent to the reserves and armed forces of later generations. They were mainly responsible for organizing farmer training in various prefectures and counties during the off-season, helping the regular troops recruit soldiers, and organizing brave men to assist in defending the city in emergencies.
Zhu Hengjia abolished the hereditary system of guard officials and replaced them with appointments by the Ministry of War.
The Ministry of War was ordered to send people to conduct an inventory of the garrison farmland. Because the garrison system had long since collapsed, and some military fields had been occupied for hundreds of years, the order was issued to only conduct an inventory of the garrison farmland in the past thirty years.
4. People’s livelihood
First, the household registration restrictions for military households and craftsmen households were abolished and unified into civilian households, allowing them to freely choose their careers.
Second, small households are allowed to enter the household registration, and local officials are not allowed to restrict small households from going ashore, doing business, taking imperial examinations, etc.
Third, it stipulates that private land rent can only be charged at most two-tenths, and private loans can only be charged at most one-tenth.
Fourth, the Ministry of Industry was ordered to supervise the repair of post roads in various places.
Fifth, cancel the three rates and never reintroduce them.
Sixth, abolish corvee
The original corvee service was changed to hired service, and the government paid for people to serve. As soon as this order came out, the people were happy.
Seventh, the government opened warehouses to provide relief to the hungry people.
5. Ethnic and religious aspects
First, as long as the village owners, chiefs, and leaders of various ethnic minorities are willing to obey Zhu Hengjia's rule, Zhu Hengjia will recognize their management rights in their own territories, and will be granted the title of local official if they perform well.
Second, encourage ethnic minority people to participate in the imperial examination
It is expressly stipulated that native people participate in the imperial examination, and native officials are not allowed to stop them.
Third, encourage ethnic minorities to join the army
It is clearly stipulated that the native people surrender to the army and the native officials are not allowed to obstruct it.
Fourth, encourage intermarriage among all ethnic groups
When the Han, Tong, Luo, and Yi ethnic groups marry, each newlywed couple will be rewarded with a sheep, two pots of wine, and five measures of grain.
Fifth, respect all ethnic groups and religions
Encourage Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism to preach.
Order the Buluotuo Temple to be built on Ganzhuang Mountain in Tianzhou, Guangxi.
Order to protect religious temples, engrave Buddhist scriptures, and cast incense burners for Buddha and other utensils.
In order to show that he always respected his teachers, Zhu Hengjia personally went to the Confucian Temple to worship Confucius.
Zhu Hengjia also appointed Zheng Feng as the governor of Guangxi, Jin Weixin as the governor of Guangdong, and Hu Zhigong as the governor of Annan, and asked them to supervise the full implementation of the "Ming Dingguo Shi Zhao" in various places.
After the promulgation and implementation of the "Ming Ding Guo Shi Zhao", good political results were achieved. People's hearts quickly stabilized. The scene of peace that had not been seen for many years since the late Ming Dynasty actually appeared in less than a year after Zhu Hengjia's rebellion. Even the original opponents Zhu Hengjia's hostile Emperor Longwu and supporters of the Lu Jianguo regime also praised it and called it "Xi Hao's style".
