Liu Dong really can't think of anyone who has such great ability to collect so many valuable treasures here, unless it is the emperor! But this doesn't seem to be where the imperial mausoleum is!
"Whatever, it's mine once it's in my hands!" Liu Dong made a decision that ordinary people would make!
After he put away the authentic copy of Gu Kaizhi's "Pictures of Proverbs of Female History" in his hand, he picked up a scroll from the box again. Among the hundreds of scrolls inside, the one Liu Dong picked up for the third time was the richest!
He really wanted to see what kind of masterpiece it was, and it was actually more precious than Gu Kaizhi's original work!
When Liu Dong peeled off the wax layer and oilcloth with great expectation and slowly opened it, what appeared in front of him was not the ancient painting he thought before, but a piece of calligraphy!
"'Chen Yao said: I marched on both military and military roads, taking risks and risking cold weather. I have no responsibility...!' Is this Zhong Yao's "He Jie Biao"?" Liu Dong said in surprise.
Zhong Yao was a famous calligrapher and politician in Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period.
He successively served as Shangshu Lang, Huangmen Shilang and other positions. He helped Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty return to the east and was granted the title of Marquis of Dongwu Ting. Later, he was entrusted with an important task by Cao Cao and was appointed as Sili Xiaowei, guarding Guanzhong. He had outstanding achievements. He was moved to the Wei State for his merits.
Established, served as Dali, and was promoted to prime minister. Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor and was given the title of Tingwei, and was granted the title of Gao Gaoxiang Marquis. Later, he moved to Taiwei and was granted the title of Pingyang Township Marquis. Together with Hua Xin and Wang Lang, he became the Three Dukes. Emperor Ming succeeded to the throne and moved to Taiwei.
Fu was granted the title of Marquis of Dingling.
Compared with Zhong Yao's political achievements, his calligraphy attainments are even more outstanding!
Zhong Yao is the founder of regular script (small regular script) and is revered as the "originator of regular script" by later generations. Zhong Yao had a profound influence on later calligraphy. Later calligraphers such as Wang Xizhi devoted themselves to studying Zhong Yao's calligraphy. Together with Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he is also known as
"King of Zhong". Yu Jianwu of the Southern Dynasty ranked Zhong Yao's calligraphy as "above the top grade", while Zhang Huaiguan of the Tang Dynasty rated his calligraphy as "a divine grade" in "Shuguan".
"He Jie Biao", also known as "Rong Lu Biao" and "Rong Lu Biao", was written by Zhong Yao when he was sixty-eight years old in the 24th year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The content is He Jie written when he learned the good news that Shu general Guan Yu was killed.
Biaozou. This series is the most representative of the appearance of Zhongshu. "Xuanhe shupu" says: "The modern standard script is also the official script. Zhong Yao's "He Kejie Biao" has all the legal standards. It is the ancestor of the official script."
When Liu Dong was studying calligraphy, he copied Zhong Yao's "He Jie Biao" many times, so he was very familiar with the content!
However, compared to "He Jie Biao" itself, Liu Dong is more concerned about whether it is an authentic work by Zhong Yao!
Obviously, apart from Zhong Yao's authentic calligraphy, there is no other possibility that can surpass Gu Kaizhi's "Pictures of Women's History"!
Looking at the slightly damaged but well-preserved calligraphy scroll in his hand, Liu Dong felt indescribable excitement and excitement in his heart!
This authentic work of Zhong Yao's calligraphy, with more than 400 seals and more than 300 promotions, is probably unique in the world!
After all, during the Three Kingdoms period, which was 1800 years ago, even a piece of cloth that can be preserved is an unimaginably precious thing. Not to mention the authentic calligraphy of Zhong Yao!
After carefully looking at all the words and seals on this calligraphy handkerchief, which is about 50 centimeters wide and 6 meters long, with more seals and promotions than calligraphy text, Liu Dong discovered that the seals and promotions were finally left on it.
The one is Emperor Qianlong, who is nicknamed the "big player" by the antique industry!
However, this "He Jie Biao" has a total of 19 square meters of large and small items such as "Treasure of Qianlong's Imperial View", "Treasure of Qianlong's Imperial Pen", "Treasure of the Supreme Emperor", "Treasure of Qianlong Chenhan" and "Treasure of the Ancient Emperor". seal!
The promotion left by Emperor Qianlong above contains more than 300 words, which shows how much the emperor who created the last glory of the Qing Dynasty liked this word!
However, combined with Yan Liben's "Pictures of Emperors of the Past Dynasties" and Gu Kaizhi's "Pictures of Women's History", plus now Zhong Yao's "He Jie Biao", Liu Dong also discovered a characteristic. The last seal and seal left in the three paintings and calligraphy Those promoted were all Emperor Qianlong!
After the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, the Jiaqing, Xianfeng, Daoguang and other emperors did not leave any traces on it, which is obviously unreasonable. After all, these three paintings and calligraphy are the top treasures of Chinese calligraphy and painting for thousands of years. Any emperor, Liu Dong also hopes to leave his seal and promotion on it, so that he can leave his name in history!
Therefore, after reading these three pieces of calligraphy, I have a rough guess about the origins of these incredibly precious works of art in front of me!
However, more evidence is needed to determine whether this is the case!
Therefore, after quickly putting away this priceless authentic work of Zhong Yao, Liu Dong once again took apart the remaining calligraphy and painting scrolls!
A series of priceless calligraphy and paintings by celebrities appeared in front of Liu Dong. The most important one was "Picture of Cows Crossing Water" by Qi Xu of the Northern Song Dynasty. You must know that his other painting "Picture of Grazing in Rivers and Mountains" is collected in the Forbidden City. Considered a national treasure!
The most precious one is the original "Picture of Emperor Mu Banquet at the Yaochi" by the Western Jin Dynasty painter, who studied under Cao Fuxing and is known as the "Painting Sage" together with Zhang Mo!
In addition to Wei Xie, there are 5 paintings belonging to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, including "The Yellow Emperor Fights Zhuolu" by Lu Tanwei, one of the "Four Masters of the Six Dynasties"; and Wu Daodang style painting by Wu Daozi, a painter of the Tang Dynasty. The style is also known as the history of painting. Cao Zhongda's "Portrait of Murong Shao Zong", known as "Cao Yi Chushui"; Northern Qi painter Yang Zihua, who was known as the "Painting Saint" at that time, "Northern Qi nobles' garden"; Northern Zhou painter, together with Zhan Ziqian Known as 'Dong Zhan', Dong Boren's authentic work "Maitreya in Disguise"; and "You Chunyuan Picture" by Zheng Fashi, a famous painter of Dong Boren's contemporary!
There are also 4 pieces of calligraphy from the Southern and Northern Dynasties with the same number, including the "Wei Family and Nan Tie" by Mrs. Wei, the enlightenment teacher of the "Sage of Calligraphy" and a famous female calligrapher in the Jin Dynasty; the "Mid-Autumn Tie" by Wang Xianzhi, one of the "Two Kings"; The "Five-Character Orchid Pavilion Preface" by Wang Meng, a famous scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty; and the "Seven-Character Rhymed Poems" by Tao Hongjing, a famous medical expert, alchemist, and family, known as the "Prime Minister of the Mountains"!
In addition to a total of 11 authentic paintings and calligraphy from the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there are 28 paintings and calligraphy from the Sui and Tang Dynasties left, including famous works by Zhan Ziqian, Wu Daozi, Chu Suiliang, Yan Zhenqing and others!
There are 39 paintings and calligraphy from the Five Dynasties period, including works by famous artists such as Gu Hongzhong, Jing Hao, Dong Yuan, Guan Tong and Ju Ran!
On the contrary, except for the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Song Dynasty paintings have the fewest paintings, with a total of only 27 paintings!
However, although Liu Dong was extremely excited to receive so many precious paintings, he also discovered a common feature in these paintings!
That is, the promotion and sealing of basically every painting stopped after Emperor Qianlong. From now on, no one familiar to Liu Dong would leave his or her own seal on it!
Through this characteristic, Liu Dong was 80% certain that these priceless works of art came from Emperor Qianlong, or more accurately from Emperor Qianlong's Yuling Mausoleum!
The emperor of the Qing dynasty, Tian Longyun, sincerity, Xianjue, Tiyuan, Liji, Fenwu, Qin, Ming, filial piety, kindness, Shengchun, surnamed Aixinjueluo, and Shengtao Hongli, was the fourth son of Emperor Yongzheng. He was also the fourth emperor after the Qing Empire entered the customs.
Emperor Qianlong was indeed a great leader of his generation, and he was also a very blessed emperor who also knew how to enjoy happiness.
In his later years, he was deeply intoxicated by comparisons with previous emperors. He believed that not only could "the country be upright, the territory expanded, the submission universal, and the people safe", few people could compare, but even the length of reign and longevity, He is one of the best in terms of the number of descendants. The feudal system reached its historical peak under Qianlong's rule.
During his reign, he pacified Xinjiang Province and Mongolia, and also continued to convert Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province and other places. The population continued to increase, exceeding the 300 million mark, accounting for about one-third of the world's population at that time. It created the last prosperous age of Chinese feudal society, the "Kang-Qian Dynasty", and powerful China stood in the east of the world.
His 60-year stable rule maintained the last prosperous age of China's feudal dynasty. His era was the culmination of a long period of precipitation in China's feudal politics, economy, and culture. He personally became the general representative of all of this. At the same time, Qianlong was also a great poet. He wrote tens of thousands of poems in his life, making him the person who created the most poems in the world.
Behind so many achievements, Emperor Qianlong is also very famous in Chinese history, and can even be said to be the most famous collector in history!
He is known as the "Shiquan Old Man" and the "Ancient Emperor". He is the person who loves collecting the most and is the most capable of collecting all the rare treasures in the history of China. His collection has benefited EMI until today. Now we go to the capital, Taipei. The Forbidden City, many of the treasures handed down from generation to generation on display there are from his collection. And many of the most auctioned items at major auction houses in the world are from his collection.
Including the calligraphy and painting treasures that Emperor Qianlong inherited from his grandfather, the number of rare treasures he collected throughout his life is huge and unparalleled in the world. Some of the collections came from the contributions of his servants, and a considerable part were made by the inner government.
The art masterpieces collected from all over the country for decades were often stamped with seals such as "Treasure of Qianlong's Imperial Appreciation", "Sanxi Hall Fine Appreciation Seal", "Yi Descendants", etc. after appreciation by Qianlong to express the intention of collecting them, and then let them go. The elegant poets who were each skilled in their own way were divided into categories and compiled into catalogs. After the emperor's approval, they were compiled and printed into books, such as "Xiqing Ancient Mirror", "Ningshou Jiangu" is a catalog collection of ancient bronzes, and "Xiqing Inkstone Book" 》is a catalog collection of ancient inkstones.
As early as the eighth year of Qianlong's reign, he decided to conduct a large-scale reorganization of the paintings and calligraphy collected in the imperial palace. First, he compiled the works related to Buddhism and Taoism into the catalog "Secret Palace Pearl Forest"; in the second year, he included all the paintings and calligraphy. The collection of "Shiqu Baoji" began to be compiled. This is an unprecedented scale of arrangement work, which will bring an end to the Chinese palace calligraphy and painting collection that has existed for two thousand years.
The completed "Shiqu Baoji", including the sequel, has three volumes, totaling 225 volumes. This is a summary of 600 years of palace collections in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is also the final scale of the collections of emperors in the past dynasties. The Qing Dynasty palace collections in its heyday were approximately There are more than 10,000 pieces, including 2,000 pieces of calligraphy and painting from the Jin, Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, and 2,000 pieces of calligraphy and painting from the Ming Dynasty. This was the largest scale of Chinese classical calligraphy and painting works at that time. (To be continued)