When the sun was about to set, Zhou Hexuan came to the suburban manor in Calcutta.
As we mentioned before, the owner of the manor is the Indian philosopher Aurobindo Gauss. This man was born in the Brahmin caste, graduated from Cambridge, was proficient in many languages, and was one of the leaders of the early national liberation movement in India.
Aurobindo is already very old and has lived in the French colony of India all year round - he wanted to live in India but did not want to be colonized by the British. He did not join the Indian Progressive Writers Association, but this time he made a special trip to
He returned to his hometown and vacated his manor to serve as a gathering place for writers.
The British colonial government did not allow progressive writers to gather together. If two or three writers drank together, they would be arrested for conspiracy to rebel...
"Sir, Mr. Zhou and his wife are here." Partida went in to report.
Aurobindo stood up and said to the two men in the living room: "Let's go together to greet him."
Those two men are Premchand, India's "king of novels", and Josh Malihabad, India's progressive poet.
"I can't wait!" Premchand laughed.
The writers' gathering will not officially start until tomorrow. The purpose is to discuss the development of the progressive literary movement in India in the next few years. Most writers are still on their way to the meeting.
The three of them came out hand in hand and shook hands with Zhou Hexuan warmly.
Tagore died last year, and now the leading figure in the Indian literary world is none other than Premchand. Anand, Thagad and others initially founded the Progressive Writers Association of India, but when the association was actually established, everyone
Premchand was recommended as chairman.
If Premchand is compared with a certain Chinese writer, he can be called "Indian Lu Xun". This person likes to write rural realism themes and is the first Indian writer to explore rural issues in depth. It is a pity that his revolution
Sexually deficient, he is a typical reformist, pinning the hope of the poor in India on the charity of those in high positions. To put it bluntly, as long as everyone gives a little love, the world will become a better place.
Aurobindo's thoughts are similar. This Indian philosopher created his own "social evolution theory". He believes that society is composed of people, and everyone achieves spiritual evolution through self-improvement, and together they can achieve social evolution.
If you think about it carefully, it is probably the Confucian view that if everyone is a gentleman, then there will be benevolence and harmony, social progress, and national prosperity.
What is even more ridiculous is that Aurobindo believes that the spiritual evolution of individuals, after realizing the evolution of society, will lead to the evolution of the country. When countries achieve spiritual unity, they can live in harmony and no longer break out of war, or even the whole country.
The world can be integrated into one, that is, the so-called "spiritual era" will appear, similar to the eventual realization of communism.
These Indian scholars seem to have gone astray in their spiritual thinking...
However, they speak excellent English, and all of them have a standard London accent, not the kind of curry-flavored English that makes people want to hit the wall.
Although Premchand grew up in a rural area, he was once so poor that he could only make ends meet as a teacher in a middle school. But his original surname was "Rai", a typical Brahmin surname, and he was proficient in Latin, English, Hindi, and Persian.
and Urdu and other languages.
The difference between Indian progressives and Chinese progressives lies here.
The national independence movement in India was initiated by the emerging bourgeoisie and represents the demands of the bourgeoisie. 99% of their progressive people belong to the upper castes. They may have sympathy for the lower castes and untouchables, but it is only sympathy.
The upper class’s charity-like “kindness”. Even Gandhi was forced to compromise before agreeing to give untouchables the right to vote after the founding of the country.
China's national independence movement comes from the entire Chinese nation. Whether they are businessmen, scholars, landlords, farmers, workers, or craftsmen, they all take national independence and national rejuvenation as their starting point. Even if the dictatorship remains the same, a series of benefits will be issued
The government decrees of the poor people at the bottom, although these decrees are all distorted in the implementation of policies, they still have to be fake.
What India really lacks is a spirit called "Princes, generals, and ministers should have their own kind." Its class system has long been solidified. It is like this now, and it will still be like this in fifty years, and it may not even change in a hundred years.
Why do most Indians have no toilets in their homes?
Because toilet feces is filthy, even the lowest caste people are unwilling to touch it. The work of excrement workers can only be done by untouchables. But untouchables are inaccessible people and are dirtier than feces. People from the four major castes
It is impossible to let untouchables enter your home and dig out feces.
This has formed an endless cycle, causing toilets to become a major problem in India that is as difficult as land reform, so much so that Modi shouted the slogan "Toilet Revolution".
Premchand seemed to have great respect for Zhou Hexuan. He said: "Mr. Zhou, I have read your masterpiece "The Goddess" at least ten times. It is really wonderful. I am deeply fascinated by magical realism. I once read it.
I tried to imitate it, but unfortunately my writing style is not suitable."
"Great works are not limited to form, and your novels, Mr. Rai, are equally wonderful." Zhou Hexuan did not lie. He had really read Premchand's novels.
Of the 20th century Indian writers, the most famous in China is Tagore, followed by Premchand. Especially at the beginning of the founding of New China, Premchand was highly respected in China because of his
His works often reflect rural issues, and he is considered by Chinese researchers to be a representative writer of India's poor and lower-middle peasants - in fact, he is a Brahmin landowner.
Premchand said: "The Goddess made me understand some of the situation in China, especially in rural China. It seems that there is no caste system there?"
"Yes, from the perspective of basic civil rights, all Chinese people are born equal." Zhou Hexuan shook his head. This is a skill he has just learned. In India, shaking his head means approval.
Poet Josh Malihabad lamented: "In this regard, China is naturally more advanced than India."
Aurobindo began to sell his philosophical thoughts again, saying: "Human history has five stages, namely the symbolic age, the typical age, the agreed age, the individualistic age and the spiritual age. Including India, most of the world
The country is in the era of engagement. I think that in another 30 years, mankind will enter the era of individualism. By then, Indians can achieve the goal of social evolution through their own spiritual evolution, and the Indian caste system will naturally dissolve."
"There will be a day." Premchand actually agreed.
Aurobindo asked: "Has Mr. Zhou studied philosophy?"
"I don't know much about it," Zhou Hexuan said.
Aurobindo said: "The ultimate goal of the evolution of human society is spiritualization. When material civilization develops to its highest level, people will no longer suffer from food, clothing, housing and transportation. Everyone's spirit will be perfect and everyone will be a saint.
Philosophy. The origin of the universe is also a supernatural pure spiritual entity, which I call Brahman. Brahman can transcend time, space, quality and all forms, and does not depend on the existence of other things. The spiritual evolution of human beings is a reflection of Brahman.
Perception..."
Zhou Hexuan felt a little dizzy after hearing this. What he was talking about was not philosophy, but theology, right?
What kind of person is our Mr. Zhou? Let alone a magician, he and pigs can have something in common.
"The 'Brahma' mentioned by Mr. Gauss reminds me of the Chinese 'Tao'," Zhou Hexuan immediately successfully picked up the topic and used a transliteration, "Taoists believe that 'Tao' is the origin of the universe, the ultimate truth of all things, and embodies all things.
And it depends on all things to exist. Human beings evolve after perceiving "Tao", and are upgraded from mortals to sages. Higher-level ones include saints, sages and true people. The standard of a sage is to know the laws of heaven and earth and the laws of all things. The standard of a saint is
Complete knowledge and conduct, perfect moral character. The standard of a perfect person is..."
What kind of philosophy is this? Isn’t it just bragging?
When Zhou Hexuan boasted, the world changed color, and the three big names in the Indian literary world were stunned.
Especially the set of Taoist thoughts made Aurobindo very interested. He clapped his hands and said: "All roads lead to Rome, and the truth of the world is the same. The 'Tao' that Mr. Zhou talks about should be the 'Brahma' that I talk about."
', it's just a different name."
"Yes, Indian philosophical thought has a lot in common with Chinese philosophical thought. We can have more exchanges in the future." Zhou Hexuan said with a smile.
This is India's top philosopher, this is the leader of India's early independence movement...
