As his impression of Gandhi changed, Zhou Hexuan also found some articles by Gandhi to read. The result surprised him and made him dumbfounded.
Those articles and remarks published by Gandhi were full of basic Marxist terms, but the substantive content was completely different from the Marxist doctrine of violence.
For example, Gandhi said: "Class war is not suitable for the essential characteristics of India. India can develop a broad form of communism based on the basic rights of all people and equality and justice." This means that class war is not suitable for India's national conditions.
, but a communist path with Indian characteristics can be found.
Sound familiar?
Therefore, in modern political and literary practice in India, "Gandhism" and "Marxism" are often combined. Most Indian writers often switch from Gandhism to Marxism, or from Marxism to Gandhism
.
Gandhism is actually the product of the fusion of Marxism and the Indian national liberation movement, but it does not fly the banner of Marxism.
Later, Part Chatterjee, an expert on "common people studies" in India, put it more bluntly. He believed that Gandhi used Marxism to mobilize lower castes and untouchables, and used these lower-class common people as revolutionary tools. Untouchables and lower castes were the most important in Gandhi.
In his eyes, he was just a talking tool. Gandhi never thought of fighting for actual power for the untouchables.
Zhou Hexuan read Gandhi's articles for several days and almost understood it. His impression of Gandhi changed again. It was not contempt or respect, but indifference and indifference.
Chang Kaishen continued to meet with Indian progressives one after another, and also asked his secretary to write a "Letter to the Indian People", which was published by Soong Meiling on the local radio. The article stated that the people of China and India have the same destiny, so they should fight side by side.
It is hoped that Britain can quickly grant real political power to Indian citizens without waiting for any requests from the Indian people, so that they can exert unlimited spiritual and material power.
Chiang Kai-shek's "Message to the People of India" won unanimous praise from Indians. Nehru commented that it was a great event of historical significance, symbolizing the friendship and future comradeship between the two great nations of China and India.
The British colonial authorities were furious, forbidding Chang Kaishen from meeting Indian progressives and urging Chang Kaishen to return to China as soon as possible.
Kolkata, hotel.
Chang Kaishen had already determined the date of his return to China. He walked to Zhou Hexuan's room and said, "Mingcheng has been studying Gandhi's articles these days. What results have he produced?"
Zhou Hexuan smiled and said: "If you cut through all the beautiful appearances, the reality is always dirty and cruel."
"How?" Chang Kaishen asked.
Zhou Hexuan said: "Gandhi and other progressive people in India speak exclusively of Marxism."
Chang Kaishen was surprised: "Are they all communist believers?"
Zhou Hexuan shook his head and said: "False believer."
Chang Kaishen wondered: "Does communism still have false believers?"
Zhou Hexuan said: "After my research these days, I discovered the essence of the Indian national liberation movement."
Chang Kai asked: "What is the essence?"
Zhou Hexuan laughed and said: "The so-called Indian national liberation movement is essentially a movement in which the bourgeoisie uses a variant of Marxism to induce the proletariat to resist colonialism. The Indian bourgeoisie has a certain resistance, but weakness prevails. They are afraid
Bloody revolution. Therefore, the bourgeoisie used Marxism to mobilize the emotions of the proletariat, used the proletariat as a gun, and stood back to enjoy the fruits of the revolution. The Indian proletariat faced too much oppression, and the British colonial government was not a single target.
, so the rebellious spirit of the proletariat cannot be fully mobilized, let alone a revolution like the Soviet Union. This is a complete farce! If there is no major change in the international situation, then the Indian liberation movement will never be realized
.”
Chang Kaishen digested it for a while, and then asked Zhou Hexuan to explain part of the content in detail, and finally he understood it completely. He sighed: "The revolution still has to rely on ourselves, and we cannot place our hope on the sympathy of imperialism. We Chinese are different.
Born with a revolutionary spirit, from the former Prime Minister (Sun Yat-sen) to the Northern Expedition, he successively overthrew the brutal rule of the Qing government and the Beiyang government, and finally established the truly democratic and progressive Republic of China."
Zhou Hexuan pursed his lips and smiled: "That's true."
"I heard that Ming Cheng has new works to be published?" Chang Kaishen asked.
Zhou Hexuan nodded and said: "It was written a few years ago. It has been proofread and sorted in China, the United Kingdom and the United States, and will be published soon. I have contacted the Indian publishing house in the past few days, and they are also willing to publish it. The fastest next
It can be published and printed every month.”
Chang Kaishen smiled and said: "Then I must read it."
Zhou Hexuan said: "It's just a fairy tale."
At first, Zhou Hexuan copied "The Little Prince" just to tell stories to children. Now he has to publish it, because if the book is not completed as soon as possible, the original author will start writing "The Little Prince" in a few months.
" was written in July 1942, completed in October, and officially published in early 1943.
"The Little Prince" seems at first glance to be just a fairy tale for adults, but for the French, it contains too many deep meanings. Foxes, roses, street lamps...all kinds of things have imagery, and what they truly express is patriotism.
This is not an over-interpretation, but a way of writing that a Frenchman was forced to choose during the German occupation of France.
The original author was a French pilot. In the second year after the publication of "The Little Prince", he went to join Charles de Gaulle's government-in-exile and died on a flight mission in 1943.
The French can fully understand the patriotism of "The Little Prince", and the French government has even included it in its national currency. In the past, the 50 franc denomination had the portrait of the author of "The Little Prince" printed on it, and also printed the words "The Little Prince".
and his star." The little prince in the book represents the patriot, and images such as roses and stars all refer to the ravaged and fallen France.
On February 21, the half-month-long visit to India ended, and Chang Kaishen took everyone back to China on a special plane.
Anand, the vice chairman of the Progressive Writers Association of India, also went there. He claimed that he was going to China for a friendly exchange visit, and Chiang Kai-shek expressed his warm welcome. At this time, more than 70% of the Chinese "Federation of Literary and Art Circles" were communists or pro-communists.
People, Anand will definitely be deeply influenced by communism.
If Anand could go to another Zhou mansion in Chongqing, it would be understandable that he would become an Indian Maoist.
Just when Zhou Hexuan and others set off to return to China, "The Little Prince" was published one after another in China, the United States and the United Kingdom, and attracted widespread attention and discussion, and readers gave countless different interpretations.
Chinese readers' criticism and praise of "The Little Prince" were evenly divided at the beginning.
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