"Because of learning Western culture, they have unknowingly become slaves to foreign literature... The Chinese people have turned from rejecting Western culture to surrendering, and from being arrogant to inferiority complex towards their own culture. Surrendering has turned into belief, and belief in what is coming.
, considers himself a true believer in a certain foreign doctrine; his inferiority complex turns to self-pity, and as a result, he cannot bear to insult China's inherent cultural heritage."
This passage is excerpted from "China's Destiny". Chang Kaishen's original intention was to discredit the Communist Party and democrats. The "certain doctrine" specifically refers to communism and liberalism. However, he also smeared all the new youth since the May 4th Movement.
It seems that as long as the Chinese people have learned Western culture, they are all bastards who forget their ancestors and are lackeys who believe in the West.
"These national humiliations go against the hopes of our people, undermine their self-confidence, and arouse our people's strong revolutionary demands. The May Fourth Movement is the most vivid manifestation of this kind of demand. Under the strong revolutionary demands of the people, the politics of warlords and bureaucrats
, there is only one way to decline.”
Here, Chang Kaishen turned into praising the May 4th Movement, completely forgetting his disparagement of the May 4th spirit. His logic was the logic of double standards. He said that the New Culture Movement was about learning from Western culture and politics for self-improvement, and sharing the
The party and the democrats forgot this starting point and became slaves to Western culture. The Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek kept their starting point in mind, so they were able to overthrow the Beiyang rule and become the great savior of the Chinese people.
When discussing the corruption of China's ethics by unequal treaties, Chiang Kai-shek cited various ugly phenomena in the concessions to prove his point. He believed that the concessions were a haven for prostitutes, gamblers and bandits, and had turned China into a country where everyone was benefiting.
Integrity and shame spread from the concessions to the whole country, corrupting the simple and hard-working Chinese people who abide by etiquette and morality.
Chang Kaishen also attacks Christianity in the book. He believes that Confucianism's teachings of Confucius and Mencius can stabilize society, educate the people, and nourish all things with virtue, while the introduction of Christianity has destroyed Chinese people's morality from the foundation.
It seems that without the concession, there would be no prostitutes, gamblers, and bandits in China. It seems that without Christianity, Confucianism can make China advocating kindness and obedience to etiquette.
From the perspective of culture and politics, Chang Kaishen used Yuan Shikai's proclaimed emperor and Cao Kun's promulgation of a bribed constitution to demonstrate that Western political theory is not suitable for China's actual situation. He believes that any Western theory should take into account China's current situation and cannot blindly copy it, but should be combined with it.
It seems reasonable to adjust and improve China's local conditions. In fact, Chang Kaishen is saying very implicitly that those who believe in Marxism are scum, the democratic parties that believe in Western constitutionalism are also scum, and those who believe in Western culture and education are still scum.
China should be a dictatorship, and China should be governed by Confucian ethics.
How can Zhou Hexuan help him wash the above?
The book "China's Destiny" offended democratic parties, intellectuals, educators, Christians and Marxists at home and abroad.
Therefore, some people call the thoughts expressed by Chang Kaishen in the book "Boxer Thoughts." Just like the Boxer Rebellion, foreign things are garbage, and foreign oil, match fire, foreign lamps, and foreign cloth are all filth.
, it seems that as long as the foreign monsters are destroyed, China will be able to regain strength immediately.
As for why China fell behind in modern times and why China’s traditional thought and culture led to the country’s decline, Chiang Kai-shek put all the blame on the Manchu and Qing government. He believed that there was no problem with China’s traditional culture, but that it had been distorted by the Manchus.
By correcting the mistakes of the Manchus, China can develop based on its own inherent culture.
This view is very confusing, but he completely forgets that the cultural system of the Qing Dynasty was inherited from the Ming Dynasty, and Confucianism had been distorted to no limit as early as the Song Dynasty.
At that time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty only respected Confucianism, which had already distorted Confucianism. Confucianism had long been a miscellaneous school that integrated the thoughts of hundreds of schools of thought, but it was just wearing the skin of Confucianism. Even if the Confucian tradition is to be restored, it should be restored
Han Confucianism, great unification, great revenge, don't be cowardly, just be strong, not the Ming Confucianism highly praised by Chiang Kai-shek.
In Zhou Hexuan's view, Chang Kaishen's publication of "The Destiny of China" was nothing more than to strengthen cultural propaganda and set the tone for opposing the Communist Party and the democratic constitutionalists. But his attack was too broad, and he did not know how to win over one faction to attack the other.
, actually stood up and shouted: "I'm not targeting anyone, everyone here is rubbish!"
The most ridiculous thing is, what the hell is Chiang Kai-shek's attack on the Westernization of education in his book? Even if some professors, including Southwest Associated University, offend you, there is no need to target all people in the education sector.
When Zhou Hexuan was reading this book, he suddenly found that he had also been scolded, and he had been scolded in many aspects such as academic, ideological, and educational aspects.
In fact, Chang Kaishen only very clearly criticized the Manchu Qing Dynasty, imperialism, Beiyang warlords, democratic parties and the Communist Party. Others were mentioned in passing. Perhaps he really did not have the malicious intention to curse the world. But his ideological theory is too
It is vague, the argumentation process is too vague, and the map bombardment is too much, which makes all readers feel that they have been scolded, including Chang Kaishen and his wife Song Meiling.
As the saying goes, I went crazy and even scolded myself!
When "The Destiny of China" was disliked by readers, one month before the official publication of "The Fifteenth Year of Wanli", a battle to defend the Stalingrad Battle Stone in the East broke out in China.
It was when the money for the project was embezzled by corruption and bamboo poles and lime were used to build the river defense. Feng Yuxiang heard the news and shot the officer in charge to deal with the stone plaque.
On May 25, the Japanese army attacked Shipai Fortress with 100,000 troops, and China successively invested 150,000 troops to defend it.
Shipai is located in the Three Gorges area and is the only place to enter Sichuan. Once the Japanese army captures Shipai, Sichuan will no longer have dangerous fortresses to defend. Japanese warships can easily sail upstream, and the capital Chongqing will also be seriously threatened.
The national army general in charge of the task of holding on was Hu Lian, who graduated from the fourth phase of Huangpu and belonged to the direct lineage of Chen Cheng.
Before the battle started, Hu Lian had already written two suicide notes.
One letter was written to his wife: "When you grow up, you still think it is appropriate to be a soldier to avenge your father and serve your country... If you can be frugal at home, you should be able to have enough food and clothing. There is a clear lesson from the past when you are poor and happy... More than ten years of military career
, I owe you a lot, and now I say goodbye. I am deeply grateful. I leave you a gold watch, a fountain pen, and a diary. Let’s chat for a few years... After a hundred years of life, you will eventually die. If you die well, it is appropriate to be happy.
…”
A letter written to his father: "...Having a son can kill the country, and the kindness of an adult is enough comfort..."
He said to his soldiers: "From tomorrow onwards, we will fight hand to hand with the enemy... fight to the last one, bury the enemy's bones here, and write our heroic names and flesh and blood on the rocks of the stone tablet."
In this battle, China's remaining air force and navy all participated in the battle, but there was no comparison at all in front of the Japanese air force and navy, and they could only play a small role in harassment and deterrence.
What we really relied on was the army. Each position was bombarded and bombed by Japanese aircraft and warships. The 1st platoon of soldiers of the 34th Division fortified themselves in the woods and fought. The Japanese invaders could not attack for a long time, so they called in aircraft for support.
Blast the forest into bare tree stumps.
Although the national army resisted tenaciously, they were ultimately unable to withstand the Japanese invaders' combined sea, land and air attacks, and were gradually attacked by the Japanese invaders to the main position outside the Shipai Fortress. Fortunately, the mountains were steep, making it easy to defend but difficult to attack, and the Japanese invaders' warships and tanks could not withstand them.
If used, you can only use mountain cannons in conjunction with aircraft bombing.
The national army could not withstand the powerful bombing firepower of the Japanese invaders, and the outer positions were quickly breached. At this time, General Hu Lian resolutely launched hand-to-hand combat and ordered the soldiers to rush out and engage in melee with the enemy, so that the Japanese invaders' planes did not dare to bomb indiscriminately.
Soldiers from both sides fought in a melee, and no gunshots were heard for three hours because the hand-to-hand combat was so intense that they could not fire. This was the largest hand-to-hand combat in World War II.
After using hand-to-hand combat to drive the Japanese aggressors out of their main peripheral positions, the Japanese aggressors reorganized their offensive the next day. The Chinese Air Force and the American Flying Tigers were frequently dispatched at this time. The Chinese Air Force launched bombings on the Japanese supply lines and airports, while the Flying Tigers
They launched an air battle with Japanese planes and shot down 6 enemy planes. The Chinese navy resisted the bombing by Japanese planes and deployed drifting mines from upstream to prevent Japanese warships from cooperating with the army.
After attacking for another day and night, the Japanese army finally wavered and turned around and fled eastward.
In this battle, our army wounded and killed more than 7,000 enemy soldiers.
General Hu Lian was promoted to deputy commander for his meritorious service and was awarded the Medal of the Blue Sky and White Sun.
