As early as the 18th century, the French Enlightenment thinker Montesquieu wrote a grand work called "The Spirit of the Laws" (originally called "lesprit_des_lois").
This book was first translated into China by Yan Fu, a thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. However, the Chinese translation name at this time was still called "The Meaning of the Law", and "The Spirit of the Law" was the translated name of the later version.
Zhou Hexuan wrote:
"Among the pre-Qin scholars, Legalism and Confucianism have created two powerful forces. Confucianism advocates 'rule by etiquette' and 'rule by virtue', while Legalism advocates 'ruling the country by law'. "Guanzi" once said: "There is no equal in power and authority.
"Measures" means that there are no two branches of government, and ruling the country by law is just a measure. It means that as long as you don't have many branches of government and just use the law, you can manage the country as easily as a gesture. It can be seen that we Chinese have been in the country for two thousand years.
Before that, the law had been viewed from the perspective of state governance strategy.
Although the Han Dynasty deposed hundreds of schools of thought, and all subsequent dynasties also respected the Confucian "rule by etiquette" and "rule by virtue", no dynasty has ever abolished the law as well. China has never had a prosperous age without sound laws and clear governance.
Yes, even the emperor must abide by the law!
Let's look at a little story first.
During the reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, a marriage official lost a gold plate in the palace. The attendant told Song Zhenzong to beat him first. Song Zhenzong refused and ordered someone to find the lost item first. The attendant also said that he would not beat him until he was beaten.
He knew how powerful he was. If the golden dish was hidden by himself, could he still look for it? He would be beaten as soon as he hit him. Song Zhenzong emphasized that you can't hit people casually. The attendant said, you are the emperor, you can hit whoever you want.
Song Zhenzong explained that the Song Dynasty has laws. Everyone should act in accordance with the laws, and the emperor should not beat people casually.
This is: the laws of the world should be shared with the world, and there should be officials who will guard them to death. Although the emperor cannot do it privately, then the world will be the public..."
Zhou Hexuan wrote about ancient Chinese legal knowledge, and then began to write about Western related content:
"Montesquieu, the French Enlightenment thinker, once wrote the monumental work "The Spirit of Law" ("The Spirit of Law"). This book was published only two years ago, and 22 editions were printed, and various foreign language translations were produced one after another. "The Spirit of Law"
"" is the cornerstone of the founding theory of the United States. France's "Declaration of Human Rights" was also derived from "The Will of France". Dr. Sun Yat-sen's theory of civil rights in the Three People's Principles also originated from this book..."
Zhou Hexuan talked about the legal spirit of the Western powers, and then used Sun Yat-sen as his theoretical weapon. He wrote:
"In the seventh year of the Republic of China, Mr. Sun Yat-sen pointed out in "The Theory of Sun Wen" that China's revolutionary process consists of three stages: military government, political training and constitutional government. Commander-in-Chief Chang has announced that the revolution has entered the political training stage. What is political training? Mr. Zhongshan said
For the purpose of "Government by Covenant", the military government, local councils and people must abide by the existing covenant law, with the purpose of giving the people equal freedom and the ability to control sovereignty.
Nowadays, in the political training of the Republic of China, we only see the military government but no laws. In other words, the laws are not perfect.
Recently, some people said that the Party is the country and the Party is the law. Is this openly opposing the legacy of Dr. Sun Yat-sen?
I have two objections to the Shanghai Party Headquarters banning my "Goddess" and "Dog Official". First, where is the legal basis? Second, where is the enforcement agency?
First, there is no law, and second, there is no legal enforcement agency. This is contrary to the teachings of Dr. Sun Yat-sen.
I request the central government to enact laws first, then set up relevant enforcement agencies, and then ban my works. I have no complaints..."
When Zhou Hexuan wrote here, he changed his tone and began to discuss the advantages of ruling the country by law and the disadvantages of ruling the country by people, raising the issue to the level of the country and the nation. And every few sentences, he must mention Mr. Sun Yat-sen. Anyway, this great god
If you move it out, the Kuomintang Party members will not be able to find anything to say to refute it.
The next morning, "Ta Kung Pao" published the full text of "The Spirit of Discussing the Law" as a front-page headline, which immediately aroused enthusiastic support from progressive people.
Especially in Shanghai, Chen Dezheng was too crazy and would attack people unreasonably. At this time, he was running the Shanghai National Daily. He often wrote articles to criticize someone, and then asked his party sticks and even sent out gangsters.
Gangsters commit crimes with complete disregard for the law.
As soon as Zhou Hexuan's essay was published, it was immediately reprinted by major newspapers and began to criticize the Shanghai Party Headquarters for its wrongdoings.
However, a Saint is a Saint after all.
If you reason with him, he will act like a hooligan with you.
In the afternoon of the next day, all Shanghai newspapers that reprinted this essay received a warning from the Shanghai Party Headquarters. Immediately afterwards, more than 30 gangsters rushed into the Shanghai branch of Ta Kung Pao and smashed them indiscriminately. Even Zhang Jiluan was slightly injured.
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This is not the end, Chen Dezheng wrote an article in Shanghai's "National Daily", catching Zhou Hexuan and ranting: "Zhou Hexuan is a complete literary traitor. He grew up drinking the milk of foreigners, and he is no longer Chinese.
, even his thoughts are completely foreignized. This man has no backbone. He worked first as a secretary for Chu Yupu and then as a secretary for Zhang Xueliang. He clung to the power of the Zhang family and his son and became the president of Peking University. Peking University is the ancestral home of contemporary Chinese universities. How can it be?
What can a person with no qualifications and no moral character do? This man confuses the public with his evil words and misinterprets the teachings of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. His intention is clearly to oppose the central government. His "Goddess" and "Dog Official"
, were all written with the support of Zhang and his son to slander the central government. It is 100% correct for the Shanghai Party Headquarters to seize his books..."
Immediately, more than 20 newspapers in Shanghai began to attack Zhou Hexuan.
However, none of the articles that spoke for Zhou Hexuan could be published, and anyone who dared to publish them would be blocked.
Zhou Hexuan was so angry that he laughed. He finally understood why Hu Shi would resign and go abroad next year. There was no way to fight this battle.
Don’t play by the rules!
Can you believe that a few years ago Chen Dezheng was still a middle-aged literary youth? This guy even opposed the commercialization of literature and believed that real literature should be pure literature. He also called for social reform and some kind of literary revolution.
As a result, once he gains power, he immediately turns into a party stick and bites anyone he catches.
Now Chang Kaishen is talking with Zhang Xueliang about changing the Northeastern flag, which is a very important matter. But Chen Dezheng dared to write an article at this time to criticize Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Xueliang, thinking that they were traitorous lackeys of the Japanese.
"It's so shameless!"
Xu Zhimo threw away the newspaper angrily and said to Zhou Hexuan: "Mingcheng, others dare not speak, let me help you. In the next issue of "Crescent" magazine, I will launch an essay collection campaign to let those articles that cannot be published be published.
All published in Crescent Magazine!”
"No, just wait and see the good show." Zhou Hexuan said with a smile.
If "Crescent" magazine dares to do this, it will definitely be shut down, just like it did in history when it spoke for Hu Shi.
A few days later, the Shanghai branch of "Ta Kung Pao" returned to normal, and the smashed machines were replaced with new ones. Anyway, Zhou Hexuan was also planning to replace the equipment.
The headline of "Ta Kung Pao" is "Commander-in-Chief Chang loves reading, loves reading, and reads good books."
Well, in fact, there is nothing special about it. Chang Kaishen is just praised in the news, saying that he not only manages the country well and the military well, but is also a meaningful and thoughtful leader who likes to read. The article mentioned a little at the end
, Commander-in-Chief Chang’s study room in the Ciyun Temple Hotel in Peking displays all the works of Mr. Zhou Hexuan, including "The Goddess" and "The Dog Officer" which were seized by the Shanghai Party Headquarters.
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