Yoshiko Kawashima went to Shanghai and was preparing to plan the "December 28th Incident".
Zhou Hexuan did not intend to remind Shanghai, because even if there is no "128", there may be a "129". Anyway, the Japanese want to stir up trouble in Shanghai, and the bigger the better, so as to divert the attention of the great powers from the Northeast. Attracted to Shanghai.
Even with Zhou Hexuan's reminder, Shanghai found it difficult to deal with it, and in the end they made a big fuss and then nothing happened.
Leaving aside the situation in Shanghai for the moment, in the Northeast, Kenji Doihara has resigned from the post of pseudo-mayor of Shenyang and will soon be transferred to Harbin as the head of the secret service. His goal is to deal with the anti-Japanese volunteers in Heilongjiang.
Although the Kwantung Army has occupied most of the towns in Heilongjiang, the resistance of the volunteers is fierce. They include Ma Zhanshan, Su Bingwen, Zhang Dianjiu and others. Among them, Ma Zhanshan is the most powerful and famous.
Ma Zhanshan's original position was the Heilongjiang Heihe Security Commander. After the September 18th Incident, he appointed himself acting chairman and military commander-in-chief of Heilongjiang Province. He declared: "Anyone who invades our territory and disturbs our public order will not hesitate to use all our strength to eliminate them." It is my duty to protect the place."
Ma Zhanshan's slogans gained traction, and he fought bloody battles with the Japanese invaders for three days and two nights, repelling the enemy's attacks many times. The people across the country were inspired by this, and spontaneously organized sympathy groups and support groups to donate money and materials to the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army in Heilongjiang. Many young students joined the army and formed the "Anti-Japanese Aid Regiment" to participate in the Anti-Japanese War.
Seeing that Ma Zhanshan had great influence, Zhang Xueliang not only acquiesced in Ma Zhanshan's self-appointed position, but also sent people to secretly support Ma Zhanshan's anti-Japanese activities.
Unfortunately, after Kenji Doihara arrived in Heilongjiang, he quickly used military threats and political inducements to put Ma Zhanshan in a dilemma.
Ma Zhanshan did not have elite soldiers under his command. They were all local garrison regiments, land reclamation soldiers and police forces. Faced with the coercion and inducement of Kenji Doihara and the instability of the military morale within the volunteer army, Ma Zhanshan quickly surrendered and took charge personally. Minister of Military and Political Affairs of the Puppet Manchukuo.
Historical coffin evaluation defines Ma Zhanshan's move as a false surrender. We will not overturn this conclusion.
But it is undeniable that Ma Zhanshan's act of pretending to surrender had a very bad impact, because he was a sign of active resistance to Japan. Once this sign fell, many volunteers surrendered in an instant, which also greatly dampened the anti-Japanese enthusiasm of the people across the country.
Even if Ma Zhanshan continues to raise the banner to resist Japan in the future, it will not be able to make up for the negative impact caused by the false surrender.
Let's talk about Jinzhou. On New Year's Day in 1932, the Kwantung Army launched a general attack on Jinzhou from three sides. Zhang Xueliang, who had held on for two months, finally couldn't hold it anymore.
Chang Kaishen, who had already left office, sent multiple secret telegrams to Zhang Xueliang to keep him company. Gu Weijun and other old friends sent several telegrams a day, pleading with Zhang Xueliang not to abandon Jinzhou. Unfortunately, the situation was over...
Zhang Xueliang was no longer able to fight back to Shenyang, and continued resistance would only increase casualties. He abandoned Jinzhou against all opinions and withdrew all his troops to Shanhaiguan. This move marked the fall of Northeast China.
Northeast fell!
This news was like a thunder that exploded across the land of China. Demonstrations and petitions took place in various places all over the country. Bloody men even spontaneously ran to the Northeast to resist Japan.
As for the Nanjing National Government, haha, since Chang Kaishen announced his resignation, it has been reorganized into a "collegial system". Lin Sen serves as the chairman of the government, Sun Ke serves as the executive president, Zhang Ji serves as the legislative president, Wu Chaoshu serves as the judicial president, and Dai Chuanxian He serves as the dean of examinations and Yu Youren serves as the dean of supervision.
These people "collegiately" preside over national affairs, but apart from quarrels, no real decisions can be made through discussion.
What's more, Chang Kaishen is not a vegetarian. Although he has announced his resignation, he has deployed close associates in the army and key departments in advance. Only Chang Kaishen himself can mobilize the Central Army.
Chang Kaishen's method of retreating in order to advance this time was very clever. In the past, he was labeled as "non-resistance" and could not defend himself at all. He became the focus of attack by various factions. Now that he is out of the field, those factions immediately start a melee. stand up.
Chen Jitang advocated the "Great Unity of the Five Southwest Provinces"; He Chengjun initiated the "Nine-Province Joint Defense"; Zhang Xueliang made peace with Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang and secretly planned the "Great Unity of the Six Northern Provinces", and the Kuomintang Party became fragmented.
Under the strong pressure of internal and external troubles, Sun Ke was forced to resign as President of the Executive Council. The pro-Chiang faction took the opportunity to propose a motion to "welcome back Chang Kaishen," which was immediately passed.
The Nanjing National Government quickly sent an invitation to Chang Kaishen, hoping that the commander-in-chief could come back to lead the country as soon as possible.
Chang Kaishen was coy and did not express his position, hey, if you want me to leave, I will leave, if you want me to come back, I will come back? Just wait, I haven't had enough rest yet, and he hopes to get greater rights.
…
Fengyong University, temporary campus in Beiping.
The Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army of Feng Yong University will take the oath to fight today!
On the playground, a volunteer army composed of more than two hundred university teachers and students was standing neatly waiting for a lecture.
Zhou Hexuan looked at those lovely teachers and students, and felt quite unbearable. He did not approve of the students and teachers going to fight against Japan, because it was a waste of talent. But the patriotic enthusiasm of teachers and students is the most precious thing in China at the moment, and it must be There are people like this who insist on resisting Japan.
The commander-in-chief of the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army of Feng Yong University, and also an old acquaintance of Zhou Hexuan, Hou Qi and Hou Zhongguo.
When Zhou Hexuan was assassinated by Chu Yufeng's men, it was Hou Zhongguo who helped catch the assassin. After that, he served as a military instructor at Fengyong University, teaching infantry assault and assassination courses. These students were all taught by Hou Zhongguo.
"Teachers and classmates, Commander Zhang has abandoned Jinzhou, and the black land in the Northeast is completely occupied by the Japanese invaders," Feng Yong said impassionedly on the stage, "However, there are still people resisting, and there are still people outside the customs fighting with the little Japanese invaders. Bloody battle! Heilongjiang's Ma Zhanshan, Su Bingwen, Jilin's Ding Chao, Li Du, Wang Delin, Feng Zhanhai, Liaoning's Tang Juwu, Huang Xiansheng, Zhang Zongzhou. There are many, many hot-blooded men, our pure men in the Northeast, rolling up their sleeves and fighting with little Japan Fight with all your might. We can't sit idly by, even if we risk our lives, we still have to fight against the little Japanese devil!"
"Fight!"
"Fight!"
The teachers and students in the audience roared angrily.
But Zhou Hexuan was talking quietly to Hou Qi: "Brother Hou, you only have 200 people at your disposal, so you must not go head-to-head with the Kwantung Army."
"I know," Hou Qi laughed and said, "Mr. Zhou, don't forget, what kind of business did we do before? The horse bandit's skill is to come and go like the wind. If he can fight, he will fight. If he can't win, he will hide in the forest. If I run away, can I still trade at a loss?"
Zhou Hexuan said: "Brother Hou, I hope you can break up the troops into groups of seven and go to the volunteers from all over the Northeast. What the volunteers lack most is logistical supplies. It is difficult to transport the donated property from the customs, and you have The teachers and students below just have this advantage. They have memorized the teaching materials and have done many experiments. As long as they are there, the volunteers from all over the Northeast will be able to obtain grenades continuously!"
Hou Qi sighed and said: "I will try my best, but the Northeast is too chaotic now. It is difficult to distinguish those who are sincerely resisting Japan and those who are traitors who want to surrender to the enemy."
Zhou Hexuan is also very helpless about this. How can I say that the current situation in Northeast China is a bit like the Russo-Japanese War in the late Qing Dynasty.
Although the volunteer armies in various places chanted anti-Japanese slogans, they worked independently and did not belong to each other. Many took the opportunity to develop their own forces. It was common for the volunteer armies to fight with each other.
Zhang Zuolin has set a very bad example for the Northeastern people. Now there are many volunteer army leaders who want to copy Zhang Zuolin's successful path and take advantage of the chaos to sit on the throne of the Northeastern King.
