Since the May 4th Movement, Hu Shi has behaved like a humble gentleman. When people were ridiculing and scolding him in public, he could smile in response, but at this time he finally lost his composure and cursed.
Zhou Hexuan ended the conversation with Chen Guangfu and turned back to ask Hu Shi: "Brother Shi, do you still want peace?"
Hu Shi stared at the photos of the massacre, shook his head and said: "There is still a glimmer of hope in the war of resistance, but peace will be doomed. If the 400 million citizens raise their hands and surrender, they will all become lambs to be slaughtered."
"Very good, you finally figured it out." Zhou Hexuan said happily.
Many people in later generations criticized Hu Shi, and the reason was that he advocated peace. However, Hu Shi was not the only one who advocated peace. Academic greats Chen Yinke and Mr. Wu Mi also advocated peace in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War.
In academia, the list of sponsors can be very long. For example, Peking University President Jiang Menglin, Peking University Law School Professor Zhou Binglin, Jiang Tingfu, Chen Zhimai, etc. are countless.
Among the senior officials of the Kuomintang, Wang Zhaoming, Kong Xiangxi, Zhang Qun, Ju Zheng, Yu Youren, Chen Lifu, Yan Xishan, Xu Yongchang, Wang Chonghui, Chen Bui, and Wei Daoming were either advocating for peace or tending to compromise.
Can you believe it? The famous Mr. Chen Yinke once said this himself: "Resistance will lead to the destruction of the country, and surrender is the best policy."
These two sentences come from Mr. Wu Mi's diary. They were said when the two of them were walking and chatting after dinner on the seventh day after the July 7th Incident. Chen Yinke believed that surrendering North China and suing for peace would also preserve South China and ensure peace in the future.
Perhaps the territory can be restored gradually. If there is a war, the whole situation will be destroyed and China will be destroyed forever.
So much so that after the fall of Nanjing, Chang Kaishen lamented in his diary: "The old literati all advocated peace talks because of the military defeat. Most of the senior generals were desperate and wanted peace, and the opportunists were even worse... Recently, people from all sides and important comrades all thought that
Almost everyone agrees that military defeat requires a quick peace."
In the view of Xu Yongchang, the Minister of Military Command, there are actually only a limited number of people who openly advocate peace, and there are more covert peace seekers. Because openly advocating for peace will be called a traitor, people with higher official positions and more powerful people often duplicity and shout
Resistance leads to compromise.
Even in Xu Yongchang's eyes, among the local leaders with military strength, after Liu Xiang's death, only the Communist Party and the Guangxi clique were the real militant faction, and the rest had ulterior motives.
Therefore, at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, Chang Kaishen was very isolated and relied on Gan Gang's dictatorship to pull China onto the anti-Japanese chariot.
Because of this, Wang Zhaoming dared to risk the disapproval of the world and embarked on the road of openly seeking peace from the winter of 938. He felt that he could respond to a hundred responses. However, the real powerful people did not follow him, and only those who followed him were political.
Frustrated person.
The trend of public opinion at that time was: defeat is forgivable, while peace is guilty.
Although countless people cursed Wang Zhaoming's "erotic movies", there was no shortage of sympathizers and resonance. Because they also thought so, but Wang Zhaoming was a traitor, and they did not dare to be a traitor.
Even in the summer of 1939, this situation of military and political bureaucracy tending to compromise as a whole has not changed. Wang Zizhuang, Party Secretary of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang, wrote in his diary: "... In my opinion, at present, I can support the overall situation and be resolute.
It seems that he (Old Chiang Kai-shek) is the only one. There are many civil and military officials who want peace but dare not speak out. In the end, because of Mr. Chiang's prestige, they have to obey absolutely and endure pain.
Persevere to the end. Mr. Wang's departure is a representative of ordinary knowledgeable people."
We have exposed a lot of negative facts about Chang Kaishen before, but to be honest, Chiang Kai-shek's contribution to the war of resistance was very huge, even if he used various micro-operations to harm his teammates. The military and political officials around him most likely wanted to negotiate a peace as soon as possible
, Chiang Kai-shek suppressed everyone through dictatorial means.
This is why even in the late stages of the Anti-Japanese War, there are still many passionate young people supporting Chang Kaishen. They believe that only a wise leader and dictatorship can resist to the end.
It is conceivable that now that Guangzhou has been lost, Wuhan will soon be abandoned, and nearly half of China's territory has been lost. The morale of those military and political officials must be very low. Some people even think that China can persist for a year without dying quickly. That is
Because Japan hasn’t really come to the rescue yet.
Chen Yinke was even more pessimistic. He directly wrote a sentence in his poem: "When crossing south, you should think about the past, and when you return north, you will be afraid of waiting for the next life." He compared China to the Southern Song Dynasty and Southern Ming Dynasty. He believed that victory in the Anti-Japanese War was impossible and that the recovery of North China could only wait until
Next life.
It's okay for you to be pessimistic, but why do you want to write poetry so that this negative emotion affects more people?
There is a later book describing the migration of literati to the south called "South Crossing and Returning to the North". The title of the book is quoted from this, but it is somewhat inappropriate. Not all literati are as pessimistic as Chen Yinke.
On the other hand, Chen Yinke's father was more of a scholar. After the fall of Pingjin, Mr. Chen Sanli was determined not to surrender to the Japanese. He went on a hunger strike for five days and died of grief and anger.
Of course, we cannot criticize Chen Yinke to death. He was just too pessimistic and negative, but he still had patriotism. At least when Chen Yinke was in Hong Kong, he twice refused the coercion and inducement of the Japanese invaders and went to work as a teacher in the southwest rear area.
Chen Yinke's thoughts and actions are very contradictory, but he can represent a large part of the literati. He is pessimistic and disappointed with the current situation. He also wrote poems complaining that Chiang Kai-shek's war of resistance was a solitary act and he regarded the country's future as a gamble. Facing the Japanese invaders,
He was offered an offer of NT$400,000, but he was able to refuse it twice, risking his own life, and went to a remote rural area in the southwest to live a hard life, teaching and doing research on an empty stomach.
Hu Shi's choice was different. In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, he had exactly the same idea as Chen Yinke, and then quickly completed the change in his thinking.
In other words, it has never changed. Hu Shi has always been a "pragmatist" and a "pessimist".
Before the July 7th Incident, Hu Shi was jumping up and down to sue for peace, and asked many times to be the Chinese Ambassador to Japan, in order to contribute to the friendship between China and Japan. Seeing that war was unavoidable, Hu Shi was jumping up and down again, and was asked to be the Chinese Ambassador to the United States many times.
, trying to persuade the United States to intervene in the Sino-Japanese War.
Perhaps Chiang Kai-shek was so annoyed that he appointed Hu Shi as his special envoy and sent him to the United States, where he could mess around as he pleased.
Even now, Hu Shi believes that China will lose the war of resistance unless the United States can step in and help. He did not write poems like Chen Yinke to lament the spring and autumn, but spared no effort to promote propaganda in the United States.
In the past, Hu Shi wrote articles in China, often praising Japanese politics and culture, criticizing China's political culture as useless, and calling on China to learn from Japan. But now, Hu Shi is doing his best to beautify China and vilify Japan, just to win the approval of the American people.
Recognition and assistance.
Hu Shi is innocent and worthy of admiration.
Chen Yinke is real and also worthy of admiration.
The difference between the two lies in the different choices made by the literati when faced with national crisis.
…
ps: Many readers are dissatisfied with the previous plot and say that Lao Wang relies on selling meat as a gimmick. By the way, can Zhou Hexuan and Yu Peichen sell meat? Lao Wang has been studying Nanjing University these days.
I have read all the information about the massacre, "Rabe's Diary", "Vautrin's Diary" and Maggie's documentary, plus those photos. To be honest, my mental state is very bad.
When coding, Lao Wang unconsciously took on the role of the protagonist. What Zhou Hexuan compiled was first-hand information, which was more comprehensive, direct, and bloody. If he was not affected, he would be a superman. To vent, one is to watch a comedy to relax, and the other
One way is "sex", which the author thinks is reasonable
Of course, accepting Yu Peichen is considered to have completed a plot, because I really don’t know how to deal with it. You can search the Internet for Yu Peichen’s ending in history, but please do not discuss it in the comment area and chapter descriptions. Everything is for the sake of prevention.
