As early as the Northern Song Dynasty, the pace of centralization of power was greatly accelerated. The separation of three powers in the West is nothing. The Northern Song Dynasty was directly the separation of five powers.
The Transportation Department is in charge of finance and supervision; the Punishment Department is responsible for judicial punishment and prisons; the Changping Department is responsible for Changping Tea and Salt Company affairs, Changping warehouse and lending, money grain and other affairs; the Academic Affairs Department is in charge of schools and educational administration in the prefectures and counties.
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The military strategy was used to appease the military of the prefectures and counties to which the commander-in-chief belongs.
In the Ming Dynasty, the Chasi Division, the Chief Division, and the Envoy Division all commanded the Envoy Division, which were in charge of prisons, civil affairs, and military affairs.
Academic administration is in charge of education and imperial examination affairs.
However, in the Shaowu Dynasty, the commander-in-chief changed his identity and no longer had jurisdiction over military households. Instead, he was appointed as the general soldier to manage the patrol camps in various prefectures and counties.
And the governor has completely become a permanent position, overseeing all the affairs of a province, and truly becoming the governor of a province.
In addition, in addition to the separation of powers at the provincial level, the county level is also proceeding in an orderly manner to separate powers.
For example, the post of general judge was changed from a random one to a permanent one, in charge of the criminal justice of a county. The original prison officials were also under his command, which directly weakened the power of the county magistrate.
As for the teaching edict that was originally the eighth rank, he was promoted to the seventh rank in one fell swoop. He was in charge of the students and education of a county. His power did not increase, but his status increased greatly, and he was second only to the county magistrate.
Patrol battalions are set up and their number ranges from 300 to 500.
In essence, as the New Deal was rolled out, the powers of the county magistrate as the executive deputy magistrate were also changing, and his say in civil affairs was gradually expanded.
Obviously, he will become the chief envoy in charge of civil affairs.
The powers and responsibilities of the county magistrate have gradually become that of the general manager rather than direct management.
In this way, at the county level, a county government center was formed, headed by the county magistrate and assisted by the county magistrate, general judge, teaching edict, and Yingzheng.
The administrative decentralization at the county, prefectural, provincial and three levels is inseparable.
It seems that he is aware of this change in power, and Zheng Sen has a deeper understanding of the position of county magistrate.
It became his job to supervise and serve as the general manager, while the previously hired masters Qian Gu and prison masters gradually became useless.
It is precisely because he is in a transcendent position and is freed from the cumbersome civil affairs that he has more energy to face the gentry.
Because the gentry had only two means to control the county magistrate: money, food and connections.
The county magistrate is now responsible for money and food, and he is only responsible for supervision.
As for connections, he is even less afraid of them. Not to mention fellow students, the secret box in his hand is enough to cope with everything.
"Your Majesty, this is an imperial edict issued by the cabinet..."
At this time, Yi Cheng came panting and handed over the imperial decree with his own hands.
The post station was the largest contact "communication" system in the world established by the Ming Dynasty at that time, and this system was composed of three parts: post post (messenger), express delivery (express delivery) and delivery (bulk cargo transportation).
Surrounding Beijing, there are 1,936 post stations under this huge network system, with a total length of 143,700 miles of post roads and a total number of employees of more than 100,000.
It is equivalent to the Ming Dynasty, conveying Beijing's decrees to the whole country. Although Emperor Chongzhen deposed and injured himself, Emperor Shaowu took it up again.
"Imperial decree?" Zheng Sen was stunned, and then he suddenly realized: "It's finally here."
Yi Cheng was full of curiosity, but he didn't dare to ask any more questions.
The one at the top is about law enforcement.
I saw that he wrote that all counties and prefectures were required to set up patrol police departments to specialize in law enforcement.
Its chief officer is the eighth grade official, who is under the dual jurisdiction of general judge and county magistrate, and is responsible for the public security affairs of a county.
The number of people ranges from fifty to five hundred, and each county can recruit them at its discretion.
To put it bluntly, this is a county government job. How many people can be recruited depends on the financial situation.
This is the independence of law enforcement power and is also a supplement to the patrol battalion.
After all, the patrol camp is an army, and some security issues must be dealt with by dedicated personnel.
As for the latter article, Zheng Sen read it several times and thought about it for a long time before making a decision.
Immediately, Zheng Sen summoned the county magistrate, the general magistrate, and the six clerks to discuss the matter of setting up a patrol police department.
There were about a dozen people crowded together, and most of them showed respect to Zheng Sen, a ridiculously young county magistrate.
"The yellow book must be accurate, and every village must not be ignored..."
"Ponds and ditches in various places need to be repaired more..."
After chatting about some trivial matters, Zheng Sen read out the imperial edict.
"According to the regulations of the imperial court, this patrol department must be established in the county, and also in every district and township. It is responsible for the security of the county. How many people do you think should be added?"
"My lord, there are not many villages and towns in this county. There are only a few, but there are more than fifty in each district. So if there are a hundred people in the county and two in each district, a total of more than two hundred people will be enough."
The county magistrate thought for a while, named a number, and then looked at Zheng Zhixian, waiting for his decision.
"There are more than 10,000 people in the county, and a hundred people are not enough. It is better to have one person in each district. If we reduce the number of people a little, the county warehouse can also be more relaxed..."
Nowadays, the household clerks are ranked as high as the ninth grade, and the lowly status has been abolished. It can be said that their status has risen sharply, and their voices in the yamen are also quite loud.
Zheng Sen responded silently.
In fact, a county town can only be managed if there are three to five hundred white laborers alone, and more than a hundred people can only be regarded as makeshifts.
He doesn't want to recruit enough people, but there are too many people to support financially, and he will be unable to make ends meet.
Sighing, Zheng Sen took out the final official document and showed it to everyone.
This official document is shocking at first sight: Talking about the inside and outside, the shortcomings of the outside -
In the early Ming Dynasty, a square was set up in the city and a chamber was set up near the city.
In rural areas, 110 households are considered to be one mile, and ten households are considered to be one mile.
The chief of the ten households with the most money and food is the head of the district, and he takes turns taking the position. The responsibility of the head of the district is: "to serve in every year, to urge the money and food, and to take charge of official affairs."
To put it simply, it is to supervise taxes and corvee.
In addition, if the person with "high moral character and high prestige" is assumed to be the Li Lao, the person who advises good deeds and resolves the lawsuit must first go through the Li Lao's mediation. If it fails, then go to the Yamen. If the person does not go through the Li Lao and only goes to the Yamen, it is called an over-the-counter lawsuit.
The Lijia system was the foundation of the imperial court. Although it had collapsed a little, it was still deeply rooted.
But the most obvious flaw of the lijia system is where will the right number of 110 households come from to form one li?
"Under each square in the city, there will be a character shop, in order of the thousand-character inscription. There should be one shop in each street, responsible for public security, water supply and other matters. Each character shop should have a patrolman."
Zheng Sen looked at everyone and explained:
"As for the countryside, there is a township three to five miles away, which governs hundreds of households. Each township has three people to 'manage, teach, and guard'."
"Guan is responsible for managing affairs, and the township chief is appointed; education is for enlightenment, and the township elders are established; Wei is to protect the village and protect the people, and prohibit thieves and thefts, and the township police are established."
The township chief, township elders, and township police are the extension of the county government's rule over the countryside.
"From the ninth rank?" After reading the article, the county magistrate was shocked and said with a frown:
"They are eating from the county warehouse again. How can this county get so much money and food?"
"The three elders are exempted from corvee service, and the annual salary is set at ten silver coins and ten stones of grain, which is enough."