Studying the truth of things thoroughly leads to the ultimate understanding of knowledge.
Ge, Zhiye.
Things are still things.
Exhaustively extrapolate the principles of things, and strive to reach their extremes, and then study things to gain knowledge.
Fahai has his own way to go, Wang Xu can't help much, and he also has his own things to be busy with.
The Three-Character Classic has been released, and it has had a great impact on the outside world. Scholars are rushing to circulate it, and for a time, paper in Jiangnan is expensive.
Wang Xu took advantage of this opportunity and of course he had to pursue it bravely. He had already begun to organize Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism and laid the foundation for the establishment of the school.
Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism has been criticized in modern times as being of little use. The biggest reason is that Zhu Xi mentioned the idea of ​​preserving natural principles and destroying human desires.
In fact, Zhu Xi was very unjust, and his original intention was not to pretend to be righteous, to starve to death without eating the food he complained about, or to starve to death, which is a small matter, but to be disobedient is a big deal.
Zhu Xi believes that human beings' basic needs and desires, that is, what people usually understand as human desires and selfish desires, are a kind of natural law. While preserving this natural law, one needs to learn to suppress one's own desires and have a way to satisfy desires.
Degree, luxury cannot be exhausted.
Of course, the idea is correct, but what is wrong is that if a person can suppress his own desires, then he is no longer a human being.
Zhu Xi mentioned this theory, but unfortunately he couldn't do it himself, so who could he expect to do it?
Further down the line, Zhu Xi also believed that principle is the origin of all things in the universe, and everything in the world must have its principles. Only by pursuing the essence of things, which is commonly known as the investigation of things, can we achieve the purpose of recognizing the truth, which is to achieve knowledge.
This understanding is good, but Zhu Xi did not follow the path of pursuing the essence, but instead followed the three obediences and the four virtues with a twitch in his head.
As a result, Zhu Xi became a banner figure of male chauvinism in the middle and later periods of the Manchu Dynasty. If a man died in any civil or military family in the Manchu Dynasty, he would write letters to persuade the female family members not to remarry, and he said that he put human ethics and morality first.
It is a virtue for a woman to have no talent, the three obediences and the four virtues are the standards for a good wife, and women should not be exposed to the public. Although this is not always what he advocates, it is still what he advocates.
Therefore, Zhu Xi's contribution was not small, laying the foundation for the legitimacy of Confucianism and the dynasty's divine right of kings, but it was also not tolerated by future generations in the new era.
Wang Xu learned from Zhu Xi's mistakes, and of course he would not stare at women's feet. He just adopted some good theories from Neo-Confucianists and integrated them with some views of Yangming's philosophy. After studying things to achieve knowledge, he also added the combination of knowledge and action.
one.
There are many ideas in Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism that cannot be implemented by oneself. Such ideas are all fake and empty chicken soup. What's the use of taking them.
Adding the unity of knowledge and action, it is useless to just talk about chicken soup. What you say, you have to be able to practice it yourself.
Investigate things to gain knowledge, pursue the essence of things, and then practice by integrating knowledge and action. Thinking while doing something is the new learning advocated by Wang Xu.
Xinxue, the new of the old and the new, means that this is a new doctrine.
Ancient literary works, such as the Four Books and Five Classics, describe many great principles, but they do not tell people what to do.
Take the Analects of Confucius as an example. Confucius examined himself three times every day, and what he was talking about was the Confucius, not you.
In Wang Xu's new learning, we don't talk about Confucius and Mencius. The Confucian classics already exist. They only talk about how you should do it and create this standard.
As for the standard, Wang Xu referred to the famous saying of Zhang Hengqu, a great Confucian of the Northern Song Dynasty: "To establish a heart for the heaven and earth, to establish a destiny for the people, to carry on the unique knowledge of the past saints, and to create peace for all generations. These are the four aspirations of Confucianism."
On the basis of the Four Wills of Confucianism, Wang Xu also wrote: "Cultivation of the body is followed by family harmony, and family harmony is followed by state governance. These are the dual cores of Confucianism."
Now that the core is in place and the ambition is established, we begin to center around this summary, fill in the viewpoints of Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism and Yangming Xue Xue, and transform it into the elements of Wang's New Learning.
Study things to gain knowledge, integrate knowledge and action, seek truth through practice, and pursue true knowledge by upholding morality.
To sum up, Wang's new learning point of view is this passage, and the others are branches and leaves, explaining how this passage is correct.
If anyone is dissatisfied, you can point it out. None of these words are false, and they all stand on the moral high ground.
Likewise, it is not falsehood. It is precisely because of these four sentences that Wen Tianxiang was born, Yue Fei was born, and countless heroic figures who united knowledge and action and set their lives for life were born.
"Wang's new learning!"
Wang Xu worked hard for more than half a month to learn new things and wrote a booklet with nearly 300 pages and 200,000 words.
The new book is divided into two parts, consisting of eight chapters.
The upper part is for self-cultivation, ordering the family, governing the country, and bringing peace to the world.
The lower part is for establishing mind, establishing destiny, establishing virtue and establishing peace.
Around the two articles, Wang Xu filled in countless theories and short stories based on the theories to increase the readability and correctness of the article.
As a result, after finishing my busy work, I asked outside and found that the plague had not yet been subdued.
"What's going on? It's been half a month and no one is taking care of the plague?"
Wang Xu came out with the Wang family's new study, but what he saw was not a peaceful and prosperous era, but corpses strewn across the land after the plague ravaged the country.
After asking, I found out that the doctors had arrived half a month ago, but soon after they arrived, they were assassinated. Even the relief materials allocated by the court were damaged by unknown people, and many ordinary doctors were also killed.
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Most of the other prefectures and counties in Jiangnan also encountered this situation, as if there was a pair of black hands behind the scenes, blocking the power to quell the plague.
At first, local officials suspected that the demon clan was responsible for this. The demon clan lurking in Kyushu wanted to weaken the power of the human race.
Later, during the encirclement and suppression by the army, everyone discovered that the people who did this might not be the demon clan, but the White Lotus Sect, which used talisman water to cure diseases and spread followers everywhere.
The White Lotus Sect is a cult that does everything for power. When the Taiping Tao emerged, it relied on the method of treating illnesses and saving lives. The White Lotus Tao followed its example, and its plans are not small.
Of course, all this has nothing to do with Wang Xu. After he announced Wang's new school, he ignored the ups and downs outside and returned to the academy again to start living in peace and quiet.
In early July, Fahai returned injured and told Wang Xu that he was investigating the White Lotus Sect, and saw the shadow of the demon spy behind the White Lotus Sect.
Wang Xu listened without saying a word, but continued to study with all his heart.
On July 5th, the great doctor Zhang Zhongxuan went south to the south of the Yangtze River and settled in Hangzhou Prefecture to treat illnesses and save people. He had a fierce fight with the demons of the White Lotus Sect, injuring the Hangzhou Prefecture sutra master and killing several of his Hangzhou Prefecture lecturers.
On July 8, Zhang Zhongxuan was found dead suddenly in his room. The cause of death is unknown.
On the 15th day of the seventh lunar month, the main gate of Faxiang Temple was opened, and Buddhist Arhats entered the Army and Horse Division.
On the seventeenth day of the seventh month, Taoist people from Longhu Mountain came, led by a foreign surnamed Tianshi, and brought eight hundred Taoist soldiers to set up a large formation at the Sancha River.
On July 20th, Bailian Taoist warriors raided the largest medicine store in Jiangnan, Yongqing Medicine Store, and burned countless herbs.
At the end of July, Wang's new school was publicly printed, and teacher Xue Mushan wrote from the capital.