Novosibirsk has a large number of lathes, and its number of lathes is one-twentieth of the entire alliance.
Of course, there is a certain amount of moisture in this, that is, the statistics are for all lathes, and many small lathes are also included in the statistics. Those small lathes that are as small as one meter in length, width and height, although they are small, are now more important.
Function. That is, they have unparalleled flexibility of other lathes, and are most suitable for the production of a large number of small parts.
Especially in bullet factories, a large number of bullets are produced by workers operating small-scale presses to tightly fit the warheads and cartridge cases.
Among these lathes, the largest is the horizontal lathe, the second largest is the milling machine, and there are also grinders and drilling machines.
Among them, the No. 1 Tractor Factory in Novosibirsk originally produced agricultural machinery, but now it has transformed and started producing T34 tank chassis and armor processing. It can be said that for a tank, except for the artillery, which is not produced by the factory, the factory is responsible for all other components.
The only reason the factory can undertake the production of such large-scale machinery is that the factory has ten heavy-duty horizontal lathes purchased from the Krasnodar Machine Tool Factory before the war. That city can not only produce the most widely used horizontal lathes, but also
Vertical lathes, boring machines, and milling machines. Its huge triangular chuck can clamp huge workpieces up to two meters in diameter!
In the past, Krasnodarsk, most of the industrial machine tools in the Soviet Union came from this city. Even before the war came here, the machine tool factories in the city were still working hard to produce.
When the Kharkov offensive launched by the Soviet army failed and the German army launched a large-scale counterattack, Stalin and his close comrades, who were deeply disturbed, demanded that a large number of factories in southern Russia begin strategic relocation.
All machine tool factories in the Krasnodar urban area stopped production, and all equipment that could be taken away was loaded onto trucks and taken away. Those that could not be taken away were simply abandoned.
The entire city's industrial manufacturing industry began large-scale relocation at the end of May, which will take a long time.
It is a pity that while the relocation was still in progress, the war finally broke out here.
By October, the German army not only occupied most of southern Russia, but a partial division even penetrated the Caucasus Mountains, putting the Baku oil fields in danger.
The comprehensive strategic offensive launched by the German army in the second half of the year was intended to obtain all the resources in the Soviet Union's southern Russia and the Caucasus region. To achieve this goal, they must first completely defeat all Soviet forces in the region militarily. The only way to accomplish this was the German army.
A little more strategic resources to start with.
Since Krasnodar was captured by the Germans in early August, within just two months of strategic shifts, a large number of industrial facilities in the city were also captured by the Germans.
However, the German army could not immediately turn the captured goods into industrial production capacity, because before the Soviet army was defeated and retreated, a large number of peaceful residents had already evacuated inland. Especially young people in the city were either recruited into the army or evacuated with the factories.
When the German army occupied the city, they saw a large number of women, children and middle-aged and elderly men in the city.
The soldiers of the Wehrmacht are responsible for combat operations, while the management of the occupied areas is the responsibility of the "Governor-General of Ukraine".
After the German army occupied the entire Ukraine, they immediately established the "Ukrainian Governor-General" in the city and appointed a die-hard SS under the pseudonym Koch as the "Governor-General". In addition, a pseudo-government organization called the "Ukrainian National Council" was established.
Basically, this pseudo-organization is mainly responsible for supplying manpower and material resources to the occupation forces.
"Ukrainian Governor-General" is a very huge concept. It basically covers the southern area of the Soviet Union occupied by the German army. That is, wherever the German Army Group South advances its troops, the jurisdiction of the so-called "General Governor's Region" will be there.
During the autumn harvest season of 1942, Germany plundered four million tons of wheat in Ukraine. Moreover, Germany had already begun to plunder coal from Donbas and iron ore from Zaporozhye.
It's just that the German army could not directly use the giant steel plants built by the Soviet Union during peacetime such as the "Zaporozhye Steel Complex" because the equipment that could be taken away from the steel plants had long been transported to the rear, and the equipment that could not be taken away was simply taken away by the Soviet army.
It exploded.
After the German army occupied Zaporozhye, they were full of joy and thought that they had captured the steel plant and that the war-to-war model would immediately start.
As a result, they were disappointed when facing the ruins.
In the same way, the German army was unable to utilize the production capacity of Krasnodar, the second largest industrial city in southern Russia, in a short period of time. The German army only occupied it militarily, and it only lasted two months. The German army could only allocate part of its troops to guard it.
In the city, the main force is still trying to penetrate the Caucasus Mountains with all its strength.
In such a short period of time, the German army was unable to support puppet troops in southern Russia to help them defend the city. As for the recruited Slavic people, they could hardly be converted into puppet troops.
However, the German army is not worried about chaos in Krasnodar. Hundreds of thousands of German troops are fighting in southern Russia. Under high military pressure, what can the conquered citizens do?!
At most, it's just some small-scale damage, just like a mosquito bite, it's nothing.
Even so, due to the fall of Krasnodar, the Soviet Union's machine tool production plummeted. The number of lathes produced by other factories was not large, and their performance was average.
By May 1942, the number of machine tools owned by the Soviet Union had dropped from 700,000 before the war to 600,000.
Even with such losses, the situation was better than expected by Ustinov, who oversees weapons production.
Fortunately, the strategic shift was started early enough, and a large number of lathes were transferred first, and the Soviet Union's industrial capabilities were preserved.
Even so, a large number of lathes were transferred to the Ural region and a group of cities lined up along the railway in vast Siberia. It was nearly a year after the war broke out that they settled in the new area and really started full-scale production.
In fact, after the summer solstice of 1942, a full year after the war broke out, the Soviet Union's wartime military production truly slowed down.
Umov was so satisfied with the new lathes he got that he specifically explained that they were the equipment used during the strategic shift of Krasnodar City.
"So, they are all second-hand equipment?" Yang Mingzhi asked bluntly.
"Yes, they are second-hand." Umov questioned, "Do you think that because they are second-hand, the quality is not good?"
"No! In fact, it doesn't matter how old the lathe is. As long as its working performance is normal and it can produce excellent products, the most important thing is."
Umov, who was originally in high spirits, had a trace of doubt on his brow. What did Berekov mean by this? He clearly still felt that second-hand was not good?! He was just talking to comfort himself?
Through the detailed introduction by factory director Andrenov, Yang Mingzhi knew the production trump card of his 834 factory.
That is, there are twenty horizontal lathes, five vertical punches, five milling machines, five grinders and three drilling machines. Undoubtedly, the most traditional horizontal lathes have the largest number.
Hearing this detailed quantity, Yang Mingzhi was inevitably shocked.
"Ah! Is this all true? Comrade Andrenov?!"
"Of course! They are this quantity, and each lathe has been formed into a team, and every team leader has processing experience."
"Oh? This is true too?!"
"it is true."
"Oh, I really should thank you."
"No!" Andrenov quickly shook his head and testified, "You should thank the respected comrade governor! He personally supervised this matter."
Yang Mingzhi looked at Umov again, and he could feel a hint of displeasure between the middle-aged man's brows.
Yang Mingzhi quickly thanked him and said: "Comrade Umov, I really can't believe that you can do so much for my factory."
"So, are you satisfied now that I have found a bunch of second-hand lathes for you?"
"Of course! Of course... I think they are all the best."
"Of course they are the best, at least the best in our great alliance..."
Umov's words almost have an intriguing meaning. In fact, according to Umov's thoughts, he is not very satisfied with these lathes.
In fact, Umov had no experience in machining. He was a pragmatic person, and at least he was clearly aware of the huge gap between the industrial capabilities of the Soviet Union and the United States.
To this day, machine tools are prominently included in the list of aid goods from the United States!
Regarding Berekov's need for a large number of lathes, Umov was indeed very concerned. He sent a group of his most trusted subordinates to coordinate the procurement matters. Those people were very professional, so the task was on their shoulders, and they also
Want to get the best lathe.
As a result, after some twists and turns, Umov regretted that he did not receive approval to land the American lathe in Arkhangelsk.
What are the advantages of those lathes? In the report after the subordinate came back, the document made it clear that all American goods arriving at the alliance were first of all electric and could fully use the Soviet industrial production voltage.
In addition, hydraulic control and electromagnetic control mechanisms are added inside to make the operation safer and smoother.
There is also a more important point, which is also specifically stated in the report document. On the lathes shipped from the United States, all machining accuracy tolerances on the labels have reached ±0.01 mm.
Does the Soviet Union have lathes with such processing accuracy? Of course there are, but their number is too small.
Among the existing lathes in the Soviet Union, most of the machining accuracy tolerances can be guaranteed to be ±0.05 mm. However, there are still a considerable number of Soviet self-produced lathes, and the accuracy tolerance can only be controlled at ±0.1 mm.
It seems that the tolerance of the Soviet Union's machining capabilities can be ten times worse than that of the United States, but this does not prevent the Soviet Union's military production capacity from exploding.
The reason why the Mosin Nagant produced by some factories is too laborious to pull the bolt is because the tolerances of the bolt components are not well controlled. It is not a serious problem. Soldiers can still pull the bolt, or polish it repeatedly with coarse sandpaper to eliminate it.
Tolerance issue.
Weapons produced with a large number of lower-precision lathes can still be used, and its production capacity is what the authorities value most.
The Soviet military production department needs to produce more weapons of all types. They may have many flaws, but as long as they are not fundamental flaws, they can be overcome.
But Yang Mingzhi was completely out of professional thinking, and the first thing he thought of was the accuracy of weapons!
He did not tell Umov about his worries. Since it was already here and he had no choice, he should take a good look at the pile of "Mothers of Industry" assigned to him by his superiors.
Yang Mingzhi aimed at a lathe. He glanced at the team a few times and paid special attention to an older man with a beard. He looked like he was wearing work overalls. He was afraid that this man was an old lathe who had worked all his life.
. Even the image of a beard is too Stalinist. Even for lathe workers, the existence of a beard is a potential fatal injury.
Let’s look at the lathe again!
The appearance of this horizontal lathe is just as Yang Mingzhi expected. Judging from its appearance alone, a sense of intimacy arises spontaneously.
Even if the times change, the basic structure of the horizontal lathe will remain unchanged. Yang Mingzhi believes that the basic structure has been fixed like this in the two hundred years since its birth.
If there is a change, it is a change in the driving method.
After all, the triangular chuck clamps a workpiece and then rotates wildly. The turning tool is given a fast or slow feed force to turn it at different angles and cut it into different shapes. So what kind of thing can it produce the fastest? Yang Mingzhi estimated
It must be the shell embryo.
Seeing it, Yang Mingzhi breathed a sigh of satisfaction: "It's a good machine. It's much better than the pile of materials left over from the Tsarist Russia era in the swamp. Those old antiques are still powered by steam engines. Look at these, they are completely
electricity."
Yang Mingzhi was expressing his satisfaction to Umov, and his words immediately resonated strongly with the bearded old man.
The old man spoke. He first called himself Ivanov, and then talked about his past: "Are you Comrade Berekov? I have seen your photo in the newspaper, and today I saw that it is you. What you said
Those steam lathes were operated by me when I was young. When the Tsar was still there, I was a worker in the gun factory. When the revolution happened, I joined the Bolsheviks. Now that I am not dead, I can at least teach the children how to operate them.
machine……"
When an old man talked about his glorious past, Yang Mingzhi was happy to listen.
Why not? In the future, I will need to rely on these experienced talents. If they really stay at home and are not coming back today, how can so many machines be fully operational?
After the old man finished telling his story, Yang Mingzhi politely responded with a military salute.
The old man's body was already a little stooped due to aging, but he still extended his right hand and returned the military salute.
Umov was purely worried that Yang Mingzhi would be dissatisfied, so he said: "Comrade Berekov, we must now need the strength of these retired comrades. I'm sorry that I can't get you all the experienced workers.
"
"They will be competent after some training, not to mention that I will personally supervise their production, and I will also be the teacher myself! Alas, let's not mention this for the moment, I want to take a look at the nameplates of these lathes first! I hope it satisfies me.
"
"Hey, if this factory's products can't satisfy you, then I have nothing to say." Umov said intriguingly.