The term "gentlemen and villains" comes from Ouyang Xiu's theory of cronyism.
It is a common doctrine of Confucianism that gentlemen should be a group but not a party, and villains should be a party but not a group. Before the Qingli Reform, Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty banned officials from cliques. After that, Ouyang Xiu wrote the theory of cliques to rectify the word "clique".
Ouyang Xiu cited the example of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty imprisoning famous people in the world, and Emperor Ai of the Tang Dynasty killed the famous people of the world and threw them into the Yellow River, which led to the destruction of the Han and Tang dynasties.
Cronies are a big taboo for the emperor. Whether you are a gentleman or a villain, there is no difference for the emperor. Ouyang Xiu was forced by his political enemies to write this article, otherwise he would never admit that there is such a thing as a gentleman.
Zhang Yue immediately reprimanded: "Why did Wang Yuanze say that he has no father? Where does the talk of cronyism belong to Your Majesty?"
"During the Qing Dynasty, Duke Fan and Duke Ou certainly behaved themselves as virtuous, but how could Duke Xia and Gong Jia behave themselves as dishonorable? Duke thinks he is righteous, who would think he is evil?"
After hearing Zhang Yue's righteous rebuke, Wang Yu laughed and said, "I thought Mr. Zhang was someone we could talk to, but I didn't expect that he didn't even have half a true sentence. In this case, Wang has nothing to say."
Zhang Yue said: "What do you mean?"
Wang Yu smiled and said: "Everything in the world is generated by the five elements, and then there are benefits and harms, yin and yang. As long as one theory is positive, there must be one theory that is negative, which is called coupling. Everything is caused by coupling, and
There are also couplings within couplings.”
What Wang Yu said sounds very mysterious, but as long as coupling is understood as the word contradiction, it will be fine.
It is impossible for the imperial court to be without couplings (contradictions). You Zhang Yue said that there should be no party of gentlemen and parties of villains, so is there really no party of gentlemen and parties of villains in the world?
The emperor does not admit that there are cliques? Are there no cliques in the world?
Isn’t this deception? Then what do you and I have to talk about?
Zhang Yueze said: "Yuanze separated you and me by being a party of gentlemen and villains. How dare I ask, who is Uncle Lu Hui's party? Who is Han Wei's party? Who is Zhang Zihou's party?"
The biggest problem between the Gentleman Party and the Villain Party is that they label people.
Leaving aside Sima Guang, among Jiayou's four friends, Lu Gongzhu and Han Wei all supported your father at first (including Zhang Yue himself). Why did they later oppose your father?
"When Zhang Zihou came to Beijing, my husband humbly asked him, 'With the new policy, if I am afraid that I will not be able to do anything, how about asking me for help?'"
"Zhang Zihou replied that the imperial court will do a lot, and all the people in the world are willing to fight against the enemy. If you treat others well, you will be familiar with it and dare to do it. If you teach a jade lady to pursue it, you will also be unable to do it."
"Zhang Zihou also advised the Prime Minister to do great things. He is a gentleman. Why did he leave the capital in such a mess?"
Zhang Yue remembered that Zhang Zai also supported the reform. Wang Anshi summoned him to Beijing to ask for advice humbly. He dismissed him if he didn't agree with him even after two or three words.
Wang Yu clasped his hands behind his back and said with a slight smile: "Mr. Zhang, this way is established in two, formed in three, and changed into five. These five are the five elements and five things. There are five things in the sky, one is extremely prepared for evil, and the other is extremely evil.
It is extremely harmless, and the size and scale of its gifts are unpredictable. However, if you want to achieve something, you must choose the right one. Zhang Mengyang, Lu Huishu, Han Chiguo, who attached first and then changed, could not be among them."
"Xiangong once said that there are yin and yang, and the one who eliminates the new and the old is heaven. There are changes in places, and the one who eliminates the new and the old is human. When the new and the old are eliminated, when the yin and yang alternate, there will be mutual agitation, the collision of life. Qi. This is also composed of three. The so-called rushing Qi finally falls into Yin and Yang."
Zhang Yue couldn't help but admire Wang Yu's eloquence in the office.
No wonder Wang Anshi praised this son so highly.
Why can’t there be a third party besides the gentlemen’s party and the villain’s party?
Later generations summarized this as Duvajie's law, which means that there is very little room for third parties to survive in politics.
For example, in another history of time and space, Su Shi's Shu Party was unable to make any achievements. This is the reason why.
Therefore, there is no third choice between supporting the reform and opposing the reform.
Why? As Wang Yu said, when the new and the old are eliminated, there must be rejuvenation. This regeneration is peeled off from the two qi of yin and yang in the mutual struggle. The result of the regeneration is either death or rebirth. Go into the two qi of yin and yang.
As for the third party, it will either die out or break away for a while and then return to the original team.
Therefore, although Sima Guang is demoted to the family now, he may not have the time to make a comeback in the future. On the contrary, according to Lu Gong, although Han and Wei are still in power, they will probably not make any political achievements.
So Wang Yu asked Zhang Yue, what are your plans now?
Accepting a Hanlin bachelor's degree is undoubtedly the wisest choice, as if you still have a place in the reform team. But if you don't accept it, you will only lose your political influence.
Zhang Yue looked at Wang Yu and said, "Yuanze, Yuanze, I just said that you don't have a father. It's true."
"Is it possible that you still think that the reform plan came from your husband, not from the emperor?"
After Zhang Yue finished speaking, he clasped his fist in the direction of the North Imperial Palace!
That’s where Zi Chen is!
Wang Yu's expression changed. Where did Wang Anshi's power to reform come from? It was granted by the emperor!
Why do you, Wang Yu, have the nerve to say that it was all Wang Anshi's idea? Where does this put the emperor?
At this moment, Wang Yu's momentum dropped slightly for the first time.
But Zhang Yue said: "The way of Xia was not beautiful in the past. The people of Yin thought it was wild. The way of Yin was not beautiful. The people of Zhou thought it was ghost. Therefore, the way of Xia was updated in Shang Dynasty, and the law of Shang was updated in Zhou Dynasty. ."
"The ancestors wrote about Yao and Shun, and wrote about the constitution and military affairs. The laws of our ancestors are great and beautiful. However, we cannot glue pillars, drums, harps, and carve boats and swords to seek the laws of the ancestors. If we can follow their intentions, this is also the words of Xianggong."
"There is a saying in Zhou Li that thirty years is a life, so there must be revolution. The key to revolution is not to miss the mark. How can we not miss the mark? There must be revolution in the world (thirty years), but there is no need to be rigid in revolution. In the world, those who are changeable are the way of heaven. When there are changes to suit their interests, they can then be cured. According to what I see, my husband’s reform may not necessarily lead to it!”
When Wang Yu heard this, he was furious and asked: "My husband is not among them, but Mr. Zhang is the one?"
Zhang Yue said with a smile: "I dare not say it right (you are the right one), but I remember Zhang Zihou's words, if the public treats others well, then people will return kindness to the public."
"If you want to change the law, you should use the Zhou rituals as decoration today. You said that the turbulence of yin and yang is called invigorating qi. I remember Lao Tzu once said that all things bear yin and embrace yang, and the infusing qi is called harmony."
"I dare to ask Yuanze, under the agitation of yin and yang, the qi is peeled off, then the two qi of yin and yang are still the two qi of yin and yang? If Zhang Mou is stubborn, he can slightly change the intention of the father-in-law, so that the world can be harmonious.
He, even if Zhang lives in seclusion in the wild and becomes a commoner, why not?"
"In other words, even if there are many untruths and unreasonable things in the world's slander against Mr. Xianggong, is there really not a single word that is beneficial to Mr. Xianggong?"
"In fact, as long as he can do good things for the country and reform, it is enough. If Zhang is not afraid of resigning, why should he regret being a bachelor of Hanlin? In this way, Xianggong and Yuanze look down on Zhang too much."
Wang Yu was at a loss for words. He clearly remembered the disadvantages of Qingmiao at the time. Zhang Yue just changed two places overnight to make this law pass.
It is also true that the new party really attaches great importance to Zhang Yue.
At this moment, Wang Yu also knew that he was completely at a disadvantage, but he refused to admit defeat, so he deliberately provoked him with words: "I didn't expect that Zhang Gong's ambition was so stubborn and cannot be transferred. I can only feel sorry for Zhang Gong. This is
It is unwise to do so, and the situation is incomprehensible..."
Wang Yuzheng was about to say something sarcastic, but Zhang Yue said: "Yuanze's words are serious. A certain Zhang in the imperial court is just a leaf floating on the big tree, and a drop of grain in Taicang. Zhang has never thought highly of himself, so why should Yuanze think highly of himself?"
Zhang, that’s all I’ve said, I won’t send it away!”
Zhang Yue watched Wang Yu leave,
Wang Yu walked out of the courtyard, and Zhang Zhi beside him was startled.
Wang Yu is a man who is very intelligent and talented, just like his father. He has never been at a disadvantage when arguing with others, but now he looks indignant.
"Yuan Ze (have you convinced my uncle)?"
Wang Yu glanced at Zhang Zhi, then at the courtyard gate behind him, and said to Zhang Zhi: "Your uncle's stubbornness is rare in the world. Zizheng, you must not imitate him..."
Zhang Zhi said in shock: "Yuanze, what are you talking about?"
Wang Yu sneered twice and left.
Zhang Yue looked at Wang Yu's back. Those who support the new party are gentlemen, those who support the old party are villains. This is the mistake most people make. Those who support Wang Anshi demoted Sima Guang to a pulp. Those who support Sima Guang
Demoting Wang Anshi to the point of being useless.
It seems that Zhang Yue also made this mistake. At the very beginning, he faced Wang Anshi with great admiration, but as a result...
In fact, after having been in contact with Wang Anshi for a long time, Zhang Yue commented on him that although this man's greatness did not detract from his greatness, he became disillusioned after seeing many things up close.
At the same time, Sima Guang's character can be called a gentleman, but there is no way a politician can be a complete gentleman, and it is an indisputable fact that he was politically pedantic and conservative.
Don't think of people too well, but don't think of people too bad either. This is true for people in history, and it's also true for interacting with people in daily life.
But politically, Wang Yu's approach is right, and this is also a helpless point.
Zhang Zhi went inside and asked Zhang Yue. Zhang Yue briefly explained what Wang Yu had just said to Zhang Zhi.
Hearing this, Zhang Zhi couldn't help but sigh: "Why do we have to forcefully separate the gentlemen's party and the villain's party? Is such party fighting unstoppable? In fact, in my opinion, both parties have their own reasons, just like the way of heaven.
, When you stop, stop, and when you go, go. It doesn’t mean that if you go, don’t stop, and when you stop, don’t go.”
"It's like driving a carriage. If you want the horse to run fast, just trust the horse to pull the reins. If the horse runs too fast, just pull the reins. Why bother talking about it?"
Zhang Yue said with a smile: "Of course, striving for the benefit of the market and the benefit of the court has always been the same in ancient and modern times."
"It's like a village with as many families living from the east to the west of the village. If you were a salesman, where would you set up your stall?"
Zhang Zhi said: "It must be on the road from the east to the west of the village."
"But what if there are two salesmen? What if they can sell almost the same goods?"
"Each one will occupy one quarter of the east side of the village and one quarter of the west side of the village. This way it can be divided equally, which is also convenient for the people."
Zhang Yue shook his head and said: "Wrong, both of them still stay in the village!"
Zhang Zhi was stunned for a moment and then suddenly said: "In this case, only one of the two can stay."
Zhang Yue said: "Yes, so people's temperament has never changed from ancient times to the present!"
