Xie Daoyun, a famous talented woman in history, was born in Yangxia, Chen County (now Taikang County, Henan Province). She was the daughter of Xie Yi, the general of Anxi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the niece of Xie An, the famous prime minister in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. About Xie Daoyun, the most well-known story is the story of "Yong Xu"
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Article 71 of "Shishuo Xinyu·Yu" records: "Xie Taifu Hanxue gathered in the evening to discuss the meaning of essays with his children. Suddenly it snowed suddenly, and the Duke happily said: 'What does the white snow look like?' Brother Hu'er said:
'Sprinkle salt and make a difference in the air.' The brother and daughter said, 'It's not like catkins blowing up in the wind.'" The Duke laughed happily. That is to say, the eldest brother of the Duke has no daughter, and he is the wife of General Wang Ning of the left." The Xie family is a family of scholarly officials, sir.
It is common for children and grandchildren to gather together to discuss the meaning of literature. It was snowing heavily, so Xie An took the opportunity to ask his nephew: "The snow is falling heavily, what metaphor can you use?" Xie Lang rushed over.
Answer: "I think it's like salt is being sprinkled in the air." You see, although this metaphor is not very authentic, it is passable, and it is reasonable to compare it to "Michelle". After all, Xie Lang is also the son of the Xie family, and his father's generation
They are all talented in literature, and he is influenced by both ears and eyes, so he thinks that his literary thoughts are also good. "Xu Jin Yangqiu" said that he was "literally brilliant, and his name is inferior to Yu Xuan". Xie Xuan was the deputy commander-in-chief of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the famous Battle of Feishui.
(The commander-in-chief is his uncle Xie An). Saying that Xie Lang is "second in name to Yu Xuan" means that he is second only to Xie Xuan. Furthermore, there is no clear record of Xie Lang's age at that time, but it is estimated that he was no more than ten years old.
, so we cannot disapprove of Xie Lang's metaphor. But Xie Lang's unlucky thing is that he has a very smart sister, who suddenly dwarfs him. Xie Daoyun compared snowflakes to catkins flying in the air, which can be said to be a brilliant literary talent.
From then on, the story of Xie Daoyun's "Yong Xu" spread, and the word "Yong Xu" became a synonym for a talented woman. Cao Xueqin, the author of "A Dream of Red Mansions", gave his beloved character Lin Daiyu one sentence: "It is pity that Yong Xu is a talented woman."
, this allusion is used to illustrate Lin Daiyu’s extraordinary talent.
Xie Daoyun was born in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, where the legacy of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" was still respected. He was born in a celebrity family, and he was talented, so he acted in a chic and uninhibited manner, quite like a man. "Shishuoxinyu·Xianyuan" Chapter 30
It is recorded in the article: "Xie Jue valued his sister, Zhang Xuan often called her sister, and wanted to make an enemy of her. There was a Jini who traveled to the Zhang and Xie families. When people asked her about her advantages and disadvantages, she replied: "Mrs. Wang has a relaxed look.
, so there is the atmosphere under the forest; the housekeeper's pure heart is the beauty of the boudoir.'" "Looking relaxed" and "having the atmosphere under the forest" can be said to express Xie Daoyun's personality and temperament. "Linxia" refers to the handover of Wei and Jin Dynasties
The "Seven Sages in the Bamboo Grove" of the period have always been known for their broad-minded behavior. This short story uses a contrasting method to describe Xie Daoyun's uniqueness. The Xie Yu in the record is Xie Xuan, and he values his
Sister Dao Yun, Zhang Xuan praised his sister. What Zhang Xuan meant was, Xie Wei (Xie Xuan's small character), your sister is not bad, but my sister is not bad either. Being tied with your sister should not be regarded as lowering you.
Sister's identity. Two men advertised themselves as sisters to each other, and there might have been a quarrel. There was a nun named Jini who was in contact with the Xie and Zhang families. People asked Jini to compare Dao Yun and Dao Yun.
The pros and cons of Zhang Xuanmei. Jini said: "Mrs. Wang (referring to Xie Daoyun, she married Wang Ningzhi, about Wang Ningzhi, we will introduce it below) has an elegant look, and has the atmosphere of a celebrity in the bamboo forest. The daughter-in-law of the Gu family (referring to Zhang Xuanmei, she
Married to the Gu family), her heart is as pure as a piece of jade, so she is naturally the best among women." This Jini is also very smart. He doesn't directly say who is better and who is worse, but just talks about the characteristics of these two people.
It’s up to the listener to figure out the meaning of the words. According to the customs of the Eastern Jin Dynasty at that time, smart people can hear it at once. Jini admires Dao Yun even more. Zhang Xuanmei is an outstanding person among women, of course she is very good.
, but Xie Daoyun is even better, comparable to men. I don’t know what Henry Zhang felt after hearing Jini’s comments. Regardless of whether he accepted it or not, Jini’s comments have been circulated for generations, and they can be regarded as a tribute to Xie Daoyun.
An "eternal evaluation" was made.
Xie Daoyun criticized his younger brother Xie Xuanlai mercilessly. Article 28 of "Shishuo Xinyu·Xianyuan" records: "Mrs. Wang Jiangzhou said to Xie Yan: "Why don't you go back? Because you are serious about worldly affairs.
Are your points limited?" Xie Daoyun said to Xie Xuan: "What's wrong with you? You haven't improved at all in your knowledge. Are you focusing on mundane things, or are your talents limited?" This criticism is ruthless enough, right?
I think Xie Xuan was a famous general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He conquered the south and the north, and was all-powerful. However, his sister said that he was addicted to the current customs, or that he had average talent and limited comprehension. Hey, I have such an unusual sister.
No matter how outstanding he is, in her eyes, he is nothing more than vulgar.
Dao Yun was even more harsh when talking about his husband. Twenty-six entries in "Shishuo Xinyu·Xianyuan" record: "Wang Ningzhi thanked Mrs. Wang for leaving the Wang family, and Bo Ningzhi returned Xie's family, but she didn't mean to say anything."
The Taifu comforted Shi and said: "Wang Lang, the son of Yi Shao, is not bad at all. Why do you hate Naer?" He replied: "If you have uncles in one family, you will have Ada and Zhonglang; if you follow brothers, you will have titles.
Hu Wei, I didn't expect that there is a prince in the world!" After Dao Yun married into the Wang family, he despised Ning Zhi very much. When he returned to his parents' home, he felt unhappy. When Xie An saw this, he quickly comforted his precious niece.
She said: "Wang Lang is the son of Yi Shao (referring to Wang Xizhi), and he is also talented. What else are you dissatisfied with?" Dao Yun complained: "Among my uncles, there are people like Xie Shang and Xie Wan.
Among the brothers, there are talents like Xie Shao, Xie Lang, Xie Xuan, and Xie Yuan. I never imagined that there is a person like Wang Xizhi in the world."
Look, Wang Ningzhi is almost reduced to worthless. At this point, we have to explain Wang Ningzhi. Wang Ningzhi is the second son of Wang Xizhi, a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was born in a noble family. He is also literary and elegant, and is good at cursive writing.
, official script, people are also loyal and honest. The Wang family has believed in the Five Dou Rice Taoism for generations (The Five Dou Rice Taoism is the earliest sect of Taoism, founded by Zhang Daoling during the period of Emperor Shun of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Anyone who joins the Taoism must give five Dou rice, hence the name. Its Taoism has Laozi as its leader.
, the basic classics are "Tao Te Ching" and "Laozi Xiang'er Commentary" compiled by Zhang Daoling, which takes immortality as its highest goal), Ningzhi was particularly concerned. When the traitor Sun En invaded Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), Wang Ningzhi
The chief of Kuaiji actually said to the people and officials: "We don't need to be on guard. I have invited the Taoist God, and the Taoist God has promised to send ghost soldiers to help. The Sun thieves will break through without attacking." Look, Wang Ningzhi said to the five buckets of rice.
To what extent has the worship of Sun En been reached? In the face of a powerful enemy, instead of organizing the officers and soldiers to resist, they instead placed their hope in illusory ghosts and gods. It was really hopeless. What was the result? Sun En invaded Kuaiji without spending a single soldier, and
Wang Ningzhi also failed to obtain the protection of ghosts and gods that he trusted, and was killed by Sun En, which also affected his children. Speaking of which, Wang Ningzhi's death is really lamentable and irritating. No wonder, no matter how good he was,
, the talented daughter of the Xie family just doesn't like him. Now let's look back at Dao Yun's evaluation of her husband. It's really harsh. All the children of the Xie family are excellent. Compared with Wang Ningzhi, one is in the sky and the other is on the ground.
It's not the same. It's pity that our second son of the Wang family, who is also from a famous family, is said to be worthless by his wife. However, thanks to Dao Yun being born in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, if she had been born in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, she would not have been treated as such.
It is strange to be guilty of being "disrespectful" to her husband. But we have to add a few words. Although Xie Daoyun was not satisfied with her husband, after marrying into the Wang family, she still abided by women's ethics and was praised by the Wang family. Let's talk about common sayings.
It is said that "if you marry a chicken, follow the chicken, if you marry a dog, follow the dog." In those days, divorces were common. Unlike now, when a woman is dissatisfied with her husband, she can fire him. If the husband stays in Kuaiji, Dao Yun will naturally follow him. Unfortunately, he meets someone who doesn't live up to his expectations.
The enemy's husband had no choice but to protect herself. When Sun En's bandits invaded Kuaiji, she looked calm and unfazed. When she heard that her husband and children had been killed, she organized a team of maids to resist desperately and fought with each other.
We can imagine the grace of a frail woman leading a crowd to kill the enemy. Her bravery is especially admirable by our descendants. But how could the temporarily organized team resist the wolf-like and tiger-like Sun En rebels? In the end, Dao Yun was captured
The enemy captured her. At that time, her grandson Liu Tao was only a few years old. Sun En did not spare even the child and wanted to kill him. Dao Yun said righteously and sternly: "This is the matter of our Wang family. What does it have to do with my maternal family?"
If you have to kill, then kill me first." Although Sun En was cruel and unethical, in the face of Dao Yun's righteousness, he finally agreed not to kill Liu Tao and released Xie Daoyun. From then on, Dao Yun lived as a widow in Kuaiji.
As a woman, Yun is able to remain calm and calm when faced with an enemy, bravely kill the enemy, and dare to be killed to protect others. I think many men would be inferior to her in her demeanor.
When Dao Yun was living as a widow in Kuaiji, Liu Liusu, the prefect of Kuaiji, heard of his name and came to talk to Dao Yun about justice. Dao Yun did not refuse. He did not put on makeup, wore plain clothes, and met Liu Liu calmly. The two chatted happily. Dao Yun was very charming.
Mai, who had an extraordinary conversation, talked about family affairs with Liu Liu, recalling that when he was fighting against the enemy, both his husband and his son were harmed, and he could not help but speak generously and burst into tears. Later, he talked about justice and principles, and Dao Yun talked eloquently, with lofty intentions and calmness.
Liu Liu was convinced of Dao Yun's charisma. Dao Yun also said: "My relatives have all died. Meeting this scholar and hearing his words really open my heart." Dao Yun and Liu Liu can be said to be close friends.
They cherished each other and admired each other, and it became a good story for a while.
Xie Daoyun's husband and children both died at the hands of the rebels, and she must have been lonely in her later years. According to "Taiping Guangji" quoted from "Youming Lu", after her son's death, Mrs. Xie was heartbroken and cried for six years. Suddenly there was
One day, the two sons came back together, both in shackles and chains. They advised their mother, "Don't feel hurt, just let us go. My son was captured by the underworld because of his sins. From now on, just pray for us and ask for blessings."
" From then on, Dao Yun was no longer sad, but often offered sacrifices to the gods in order to atone for the sins of his two sons. This record must be made up by the author. After the death of his son, it is common for mothers to miss their sons so much that they even miss them so much.
It is also possible to be in a trance, so the above mentioned story may be Dao Yun's hallucination, or it may be something she happened in a dream. When she wakes up and tells others, some good people will record it as anecdotes. In any case, Baifa
It is always a great pain in life to give away a person with black hair. The pain of losing a son to Mr. Xie cannot help but make us shed tears for the misfortune of this generation of talented women.
Xie Daoyun's appearance in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is not accidental, but has various external and internal reasons. First of all, the entire Wei and Jin Dynasties were a period when the spiritual thoughts of scholars were greatly liberated. The Confucian classics thought of the Han Dynasty received considerable influence in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
With the impact of the Han Dynasty, a trend of advocating freedom of individuality appeared in the entire society. Subsequently, people's views on women have also made great progress compared with the previous Han Dynasty. Women are allowed to have a certain degree of freedom and individuality, and people also value this individuality.
I quite appreciate it. Otherwise, Liu Yiqing, a member of the royal family, would not have recorded some of Daoyun's words and deeds in his "Shishuoxinyu·Xianyuan". Thanks to "Shishuoxinyu", Xie Daoyun's words and deeds are different from others.
Only then can the evaluation of her be passed down. If you look at the records of Xie Daoyun in "Book of Jin: Martyrs", you will find that many parts of "Book of Jin" are based on "Shishuoxinyu". Of course, as a history book, "Book of Jin"
"Book of Jin" directly takes a lot of material from "Shishuoxinyu" which is an anecdote novel. This fact has caused the authenticity of "Book of Jin" to be criticized by later generations. Some of the records and history may be a little bit different.
There are some discrepancies, but they are generally not bad. Besides, are the records in the history books that are labeled as "official history" consistent with the real history? The topic is a bit far away, let's go back to Xie Cainnv. The external environment is as written above, there are
It is Dao Yun's great fortune that Dao Yun can exist in such a big environment. The second great fortune is that Dao Yun comes from a noble family. In order to maintain their family status, the noble family attaches great importance to the education of their children. Therefore, the Xie family has many talents.
A good person, Dao Yun received a good education since he was a child and developed solid boy skills. Dao Yun's third greatest fortune was to marry into the Wang family. The Wang family and the Xie family are not inferior to each other. The Wang and Xie families are a perfect match, which naturally breeds
It reflects the refined and extraordinary temperament of Dao Yun, a woman. Finally, the reason why Xie Dao Yun became Xie Dao Yun is also inseparable from her own studiousness and intelligence. If she does not learn or has limited talent, it will be in vain no matter how good the external environment is. To sum up,
As mentioned above, the four factors created a unique Xie Daoyun. It should be said that she was extremely lucky. Talented women in later generations such as Li Qingzhao were also lucky, but the dynasty that Li Qingzhao lived in lacked the elegance and temperament of the era that Daoyun lived in.
Therefore, Qingzhao's personal charm is inferior to that of Dao Yun. In the Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism was prevalent, and women's ideological and individual personalities were restricted. In this social environment, it was difficult for talented women like Xie Daoyun to appear. On the contrary, those who were not influenced by
The promiscuous women of the time such as Li Shishi, Ma Xianglan and Liu Rushi left their deeds and names to future generations.
Dao Yun was unlucky again, and the experience of losing her husband and her son was unbearable for ordinary people. Her later life must have been desolate. This is so similar to Li Qingzhao who suffered from the turmoil, lost his husband in middle age, and lived a lonely and difficult life in his later years!
Dao Yun is versatile and has written many high-quality works. His poems and odes were very popular at the time, but now his only remaining works are two ancient poems: "Mountain Mountain" and "Ode to Songs in Ji Zhong"
and "Praise to the Analects of Confucius", which is a pity for future generations.
