The Yuyao family began to rise in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and lasted for hundreds of years. Not only did the Sangong and Jiuqing dynasties have its members, but the Yuyao Yu family also had extremely high achievements in Confucian classics and calculus. Yu Fan, an important minister of Sun Quan of the Eastern Wu Dynasty, was
A great master of Yi studies, his nine-volume "Yi Zhu" is the culmination of previous generations of Yi study research. The other "Laozi", "The Analects" and "Guoyu" are all valued by people at the time. Yu Fan is more proficient in military science and is both civil and military -
Another important figure in Yuyao's Yu family in academics is Yu Xi, who overthrew Shan Xia. Yu Xi was erudite and fond of ancient times. He was recruited by the imperial court many times, but he was not accepted. In addition to studying knowledge, he only liked to recruit hermits and amass wealth.
, was ordered to be arrested by Shan Xia. In addition to the classical works "Mao Shishi", "Xiao Jing Commentary", and the famous astronomy "An Tian Lun", Yu Xi distinguished the Zhoutian from the Zhousui, and named it
Said "precession"——
Yu Xiao's father had a rich academic background. He had extraordinary enlightenment since childhood. In addition to studying Confucian classics, he also dabbled extensively in metaphysics. At the age of 18, he became famous. He and Kong Wang were known as the two heroes of Kuaiji. Last year, the King of Donghai recruited him as his friend.
He refused to resign and was arrogant. When he heard that Kong Wang could not marry Lu's daughter, but he became friends with his love rival Chen Caozhi and praised Chen Caozhi highly, Yu Xiao's father felt resentful and wanted to meet Chen Caozhi. In Confucianism and Xuan Dynasty,
Chen Caozhi was impressed by Chen Caozhi and wanted to win face for the children of the Kuaiji family. This time Chen Caozhi came to Kuaiji to review the judgment. Yu Xiao's father heard the news and came from Yuyao. Yu Yue, a doctor of county studies, was his distant uncle, so Yu Xiao's father came
He stayed at Yu Yue's place, preparing to ask the county magistrate Lu Chu to arrange for him to argue with Chen Caozhi. Unexpectedly, Chen Caozhi came to Wolongshan County School today and made it clear that he would argue with his uncle Yu Yue. Chen Caozhi
This is deceiving no one in Kuaiji. Yu Xiao’s father sneered in his heart: "Today we will definitely argue to the point where Chen Caozhi is speechless. Chen Caozhi naturally came here to use the difficulty of the argument to win the respect of the students in Kuaiji and review him."
Tu Duan is trying to create momentum. My uncle Ninth is old and his talents are inevitably stagnant. It is very possible that he cannot argue with Chen Caozhi. But Chen Caozhi did not expect that my father, Yu Xiao, would be here. Now he has miscalculated. Let’s see what happens to me.
Let his wishful thinking come to nothing - Chen Cao's defense is difficult to defeat, his reputation has plummeted, and it will naturally be difficult for him to implement Tujuan in Kuaiji. I can be regarded as eliminating a harm for Kuaiji."
Father Yu Xiao sat on his knees with his back straight, looked at Chen Caozhi, and said slowly: "Please ask Chen Zuojian to come up with the question."
Chen Caozhi glanced at Xie Daoyun beside him, and thought to himself: "Brother Yingtai and I join forces, even if Wang Bi and He Yan are resurrected, there is nothing to fear!"
Xie Daoyun responded with a smile. She understood what Chen Caozhi was thinking. She also had the feeling that the two of them were of the same mind and could cut through gold. She also thought, isn't this a perfect match?
Chen Caozhi said loudly: "Brother Zhuxie and Zhuying, I once studied together with Dr. Xu of Wu County. Today, the two of us are going to discuss classics and history problems with the young talents here in Kuaiji. Not only Brother Yu, but all of you can do it."
Ask the two of us a question - first ask the elder to ask the question." After saying that, he bowed to the white-haired Dr. Yu, elegantly and calmly.
As soon as Chen Caozhi said these words, the lecture hall suddenly became buzzing. Some of the Kuaiji scholars and common people present here were admirers, some were angry, some were surprised, and some were disdainful...
Yu Xiao's father sneered repeatedly and said to himself: "Chen Caozhi is really arrogant. He and Zhu Yingtai want to have a verbal fight with me, a student from Kuaiji. The two of them came from Dr. Xu Zao of Wu County. Xu Zao is from the north. This is equivalent to
The contest between the knowledge of the northerners and me, the southerners."
Yu Yue, a doctor of science in Kuaiji County, said: "Well, I will ask a question first - Zi Zhang asked: 'Can we know the ten generations?' Confucius said, 'Yin's gains and losses due to Xia's rites can be known; Zhou's due to Yin's rites can be known,
The profit and loss can be known; those who may succeed the Zhou Dynasty can be known for hundreds of generations." Today's people are mysterious in their affairs, the ethics and education are lax, and there are even people who are not Tang and Wu but weak in Zhou and Confucius. Master, how could you know that future generations will have what they are today! You two have this idea
Can it be said highly?"
Like his brother Yu Yu, Yu Yue hated mystery and was deeply saddened by the collapse of rituals and music in this world, so he asked this question.
Chen Caozhi motioned to Xie Daoyun to answer first, and Xie Daoyun said in her unique Luoyang Zhengyin: "Be separated from the body to know right and wrong, and do not be enslaved by things. Let fate be natural. This is how Zhuangzi wanders freely, and so is Zhengshi Xuanfeng.
Feeling the predicament of being born in order to detach oneself, as for indulging in wine and sex, dissolute in body, nakedness, donkey braying, drinking at night, and taking powder, this is a wrongdoing, and it is not a sin of metaphysics."
Xie Daoyun held a positive attitude towards Zhengshi metaphysics and did not flatter Yu Yue because he hated metaphysics. Her uncle Xie An had warned her and Chen Caozhi not to discuss mysticism in front of Yu Yu. However, once the argument started, Xie Daoyun
Don’t worry about so much anymore and speak freely.
Seeing Yu Yue's disapproval, Chen Caozhi said: "The three cardinal principles and the five constant principles are the general principles of etiquette. They cannot be changed in three successive generations. The gains and losses are no more than small articles and systems, but the traces of what they have already become are.
It can be seen now that from now on, there may be kings who succeed the Zhou Dynasty. Although they are a hundred generations away, the reason for the revolution is nothing more than this. It is not just ten generations! The reason why the master knows that the future generations will be like this is not like the study of prophecies and numbers.
However, in today's world, etiquette and education are derelict, which is not what Master Fu knows. Why is this so? The Three Kingdoms were in chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, and the people were displaced and their lives were at stake. How could there be any etiquette? The current court wants to make an end to the earth, but it is faced with many difficulties.
Everyone is only out for personal gain, so where is the etiquette?"
Chen Caozhi connected etiquette with tuduan, and Yu Yue fell silent. The Yu family of Yuyao had always been opposed to tuduan, so this really cannot be said to know etiquette and abide by the law.
Yu Xiao's father said: "Today we will only talk about academics, and don't touch on worldly affairs."
Xie Daoyun responded tit for tat and said: "National affairs and people's livelihood are secular affairs, so what's the use of reading? Is it just for talking?"
Yu Xiao's father was embarrassed and argued: "If you don't understand the principles and principles, you have to put them into practice. This is a disorder of government and a disaster for the country and the people."
Xie Daoyun asked: "Please tell me what harm the country and the people did when the Gengxu land was cut off?"
Yu Xiao's father said coldly: "Brother Zhu, what is your intention? Could it be that you want to trap me!"
Chen Cao said: "You two, please don't argue. I will give you a question - cultivate one's moral integrity, harmonize one's family, govern the country and bring peace to the world. Let's try to discuss it."
When Xie Daoyun heard Chen Caozhi's title "Cultivate oneself, harmonize one's family, govern the country and bring peace to the world", he immediately understood Chen Caozhi's intentions and stopped arguing with Yu Xiao's father.
Yu Xiao's father also knew Chen Cao's intention, and said calmly: "In this world, if the Tao is not peaceful and the rituals and music have collapsed, how can we talk about governing the country and bringing peace to the world!"
Chen Caozhi asked: "If the rituals and music are broken, they can be repaired. If you are not sincere, you will not be able to cultivate your moral character and bring order to your family. To cultivate your moral character, you must first make up your mind. Brother Yu, don't you have a short-term ambition!"
Yu Xiao's father felt that he didn't know what was going on today. He was impatient and fell behind as soon as he spoke. It was not an argumentative atmosphere at all. He felt a little confused, so he wanted to sort out the situation first and said, "I would like to hear Chen Zuojian's opinion."
Chen Caozhi did not come here to argue today, but to give lectures to the students in Kuaiji. He immediately started his lecture on the determination to cultivate one's moral character. He also used Confucianism and metaphysics, quoted from many sources, and focused on Wang Yangming's four-sentence teaching: "No good and no evil are the essence of the heart.
Good and evil are the actions of the will. To know good and evil is to have conscience, to do good and to eliminate evil is to study things." These four sentences of Wang Yangming's teachings were originally proposed for "searching things to gain knowledge, sincerity, righteousness, and self-cultivation". We need to collect them all.
Taken into the heart of conscience——
Wang Yangming's philosophy of mind has quite a lot in common with the metaphysics of the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Those present here are all young students, who are more interested in metaphysics that emphasizes unique personality and spiritual freedom than Confucianism. When I heard Chen Caozhi's talk about Mingjiao and nature, I felt
Listening to the debate between conscience and natural principles, I was fascinated, feeling suddenly enlightened, and had a strong sense of mission. This heart is rational, and my personality is public. Everyone feels that they are so important and should be able to play a greater role.
——
Yu Yue, a doctor from Kuaiji County, felt dizzy after hearing this. He felt that Chen Caozhi was speaking fallacies, but he had no way to refute it. What Chen Caozhi said was quite different from Zhengshi metaphysics——
Yu Xiao's father was both surprised and admired. Those who can make a family are all talented and sages. Chen Caozhi is similar in age to him, but he can say such a long speech that seems to be deviant, but also shocking. It is definitely spiritual.
Shocking.
The Kuaiji students present here asked Chen Caozhi for advice on Chen Caozhi's "Conscience Theory". Chen Caozhi answered one by one, calmly and unhurriedly, with such good demeanor and fine analysis that Yu Xiao's father sighed to himself.
Xie Daoyun also looked at Chen Caozhi intently, his eyes full of admiration and admiration. How could anyone not fall in love with such a man!
This debate and lecture lasted from the first hour of the morning to the end of the afternoon. Most of the more than seventy students from Kuaiji County School were impressed by Chen Caozhi's thinking and learning. Listening to your words is worth ten years of reading.
When Chen Caozhi and Xie Daoyun came down the mountain and returned to the city, the students sent each other off enthusiastically and asked Chen Caozhi to come back to give lectures when he had time——
Yu Yue stood under the ancient pine tree in front of the school building, watching Chen Caozhi and Xie Daoyun go away, and asked Yu Xiao's father beside him: "Who is Chen Caozhi?"
Yu Xiao's father said: "A rare genius!" He added: "Just now Chen Caozhi told his nephew that he wanted to go to Yuyao to visit my seventh uncle. I also want to see what the seventh uncle thinks of Chen Caozhi's meeting?"
Yu Yue said: "Seventh brother hates Xuanxu and is afraid that he won't want to see Chen Caozhi."
Yu Xiao's father said: "This depends on Chen Caozhi's eloquence. If he wants to make a decisive decision, he will have to meet my seventh uncle."
…
Returning to Junyi, Xie Daoyun asked: "Is Zizhong going to Yuyao tomorrow? I won't go. I want to go back to Dongshan. I haven't visited my parents' graves for three years."
Chen Cao said: "I will go with Brother Yingtai to worship."
Xie Daoyun hesitated for a moment and said, "No need, I worship Ling Ci. That's because I have seen Ling Ci before and felt his kindness, but there is no need to be formal with Zi Zhong."
Chen Caozhi knew that Xie Daoyun was an official in men's clothing and the people in the Xie family's manor in Dongshan still had to keep it a secret, so he said: "Well, when I come back from Yuyao, I will go to Dongshan and go back to Shanyin with you. I will wait for you at Cao'e Pavilion in Dongshankou.
."
Xie Daoyun nodded and said: "Okay." Then he said: "Yu Yu knows the history of classics, so it should not be difficult to convince him."
Chen Caozhi said with a smile: "I feel weak without brother Yingtai accompanying me."
Xie Daoyun smiled and asked, "Really?" without saying more.
On October 24, just as Chen Caozhi was preparing to leave for Yuyao to visit Yu Yu, Jiankang sent urgent documents to Kuaiji County.