Next, Huang Junjie asked a crucial question: "Concerning the issue of the human body load of astronauts, please share your opinions."
This issue is indeed very important. If the mass projector can only be used to transport goods, then the cost performance will be greatly reduced.
In principle, the mass projector is destined to be unfriendly to the human body. After all, it starts too fast, and the velocity in the air suddenly reaches 16 times the sound.
In the mass projection system designed by Galaxy Technology, in addition to the 5oo-meter guide rail at the bottom, the magnetic vacuum pipe itself is also an electromagnetic plus track.
The overload of an astronaut or pilot is the acceleration. According to the calculation formula, we can know how much this overload is.
The basic formula of addition is [last degree - first degree/time equals addition", there is also "average degree/time addition", the formula is aV/t].
The concept of acceleration is “a physical quantity that describes how quickly the degree of an object changes.
Addition can be divided into positive and negative. This is very important. When subtracting, the addition is negative and when adding, it is positive.
In the case of increasing degrees, when the direction of the addition is the same as the direction of the degree, the object performs additive motion. According to the formula [Vt final degree - Vo addition at at the product of the addition and the movement time is greater than o, it means that Vt is greater than Vo so at is greater than o
].
Regardless of whether the addition increases or decreases, it is still added, and the displacement must also increase.
In the case of subtraction, when the direction of addition is opposite to that of degree, the object makes a subtractive motion, and the formula is Vt-Voat.
The initial projection speed of the mass projector in the air (the moment it breaks out of the vacuum pipe) is about 5 kilometers per second, so in the vacuum pipe, this speed must be at least three times higher.
In other words, the speed of the projection spacecraft at 6o kilometers will reach an astonishing 15 kilometers per second.
According to the calculation results of the Electromagnetic Launch Research Institute, it only takes 12o seconds for the mass projector to reach the vacuum pipe 6o kilometers away, and the acceleration during this process will reach 125g.
Even if the acceleration is reduced, and the initial acceleration is suppressed to 12 kilometers per second, the acceleration still reaches 1oog, which is difficult for the human body to tolerate.
So what is the maximum amount of addition that the human body can accept?
Take the pilot load as an example. The pilot load is the acceleration that the pilot receives when the aircraft moves, that is, the overload. Expressed in g, it is equivalent to the number of gravity accelerations.
The overload experienced by the pilot is different from the overload on the aircraft, but it is generally the same value. After all, the pilot is in the aircraft.
Pilot overload is divided into positive overload and negative overload, such as negative overload when diving and positive overload when climbing upward.
Fighter pilots have higher requirements for overload than other pilots, because fighter jets often have to perform maneuvers, which are all large overload maneuvers. Pilots are required to be able to withstand at least 8g of overload, and preferably 9g.
In this way, only when you wear anti-gravity suits and are well prepared can you perform actions safely. This is also the reason why astronauts are selected from fighter pilots.
The human body's limit of 8 to 9g is also limited to a certain period of time. In case of instantaneous overload, the human body can withstand higher levels.
The human body can generally withstand an overload of about 1og. For example, Gagarin, the first astronaut to enter outer space, withstood an overload of about 11g.
This is due to the backwardness of early aerospace equipment. The acceleration of early rockets was extremely large, and the overload often reached about 1og within thirty seconds after takeoff.
Due to the use of advanced computer control, modern launch vehicles have more rational motion trajectories. After liftoff, the acceleration is generally about 3g.
Overload has the greatest impact on the cardiovascular and circulatory systems.
The increasing acceleration during overload will affect the pressure distribution of blood and other body fluids in the human body.
When the spacecraft rises rapidly, the blood in the human body will sink like the feet of an elevator, and the blood will quickly concentrate towards the lower part, causing the lower blood vessels to expand, and the blood vessel walls will be under great pressure, which in turn will cause the liquid in the blood vessels to flow into the surrounding tissues.
Penetration and leakage may cause swelling and pain in the lower limbs.
Concentration of blood to the lower part will also cause ischemia in the heart and head, resulting in decreased vision and slow reaction; in severe cases, even confusion may occur.
To avoid these consequences, astronauts wear anti-gravity suits to disrupt blood flow.
Overload will cause blood to flow to the lower part of the body, and this device can prevent blood from being excessively concentrated in the legs.
At the same time, allowing astronauts to adopt appropriate postures and use reclining seats can also reduce ischemia in the head and heart, thereby improving the astronauts' ability to withstand acceleration.
The problem is that even with the use of anti-gravity suits and reasonable postures, astronauts cannot withstand terrible overloads of up to 1oo~125g.
Although in 1954, a military doctor from Mi Li's family was driven by a rocket accelerator and withstood an overload of 46.2g in 1.4 seconds. The result was permanent damage to his vision.
In addition, also from the Mi Li family, in the Indy 500 racing finals, when a racer hit the guardrail, his deceleration instantly reached an astonishing 214g. This guy was lucky enough to survive and returned to the racing track 18 months later.
Although these examples all show that the human body is not as fragile as imagined, these examples can only be treated as special cases and cannot be regarded as universal.
If the overload of the projection spacecraft is as high as 1oo~125g and an astronaut sits on it, there will only be one consequence, that is, the blood vessels will burst and the eyeballs will be squeezed out of the body, which is a certain death.
As for gambling the lives of astronauts on the unknown survival rate, Huang Junjie can't do it, and it's also not financially allowed.
"This problem is indeed very troublesome. After all, the advantage of the mass projector is that the initial speed is too fast. If the initial speed is too slow, it will not be able to break through the Karman line, which is equivalent to invalidating martial arts." Academician Ma was also quite helpless.
Wang Guanghai also racked his brains and couldn't come up with a solution. He proposed a compromise plan:
"It seems that for the time being, mass projectors can only be used to transport materials, and astronauts go to space through launch vehicles."
Chang Yanji, the head of the Life Research Institute, who had been here today to have fun, couldn't help but have an idea when he heard this.
"Boss, maybe vitamin supplement can solve this problem!"
"Vital fluid?" Huang Junjie was stunned for a moment, then realized:
"Vital fluid! Yes! It's vitamin fluid, why didn't I think of it."
"What is the vitamin supplement that Mr. Huang is talking about?" Li Zhongting asked quickly.
"A thing that allows people to breathe in liquids. If people are immersed in it, it can function similar to how deep-sea fish survive in the deep sea." Huang Haojie explained.
Deep-sea fish can live in high-pressure environments because the water inside their bodies offsets the external pressure.
The physical nature of objects under water pressure in the deep sea is similar to that under high acceleration conditions, both of which are problems of deformation caused by pressure.
In the first half of the last century, someone proposed to use a liquid that humans can breathe freely to solve the pressure resistance problem of deep-sea diving, but due to limitations of technical conditions, it was not realized.
It was not until 1966 that scientist Leland Clark discovered that mice that accidentally fell into a solution of fluorocarbon (difluorobutyltetrahydrofuran) could still survive.
It turns out that the dissolved oxygen capacity of this solution is particularly strong, about 20 times that of water, and mice can "breathe" freely in the solution.
Using this solution as a basis, scientists further developed artificial blood, which was clinically successful for the first time in 1979.
It can be said that this artificial blood fulfills part of the functions of anti-stress fluid.