Chapter 1240 The real school - continue to explain
"Of course what the emperor said makes sense, but what does this have to do with the establishment of the Five Cities Academy?" Yun said. Summit 23S.
He could understand the latest update without Yun's explanation, but he didn't understand what it had to do with the establishment of this school.
Yun glanced at everyone present again, and still said to Yun: "Although I have to be the teacher of a class in Jiangwu Hall, it is just to let the students in Jiangwu Hall know how I want to teach, not
Take control of the martial arts hall again."
"What my brother really wants to personally take charge of is the newly established Five Cities Academy and the Royal Academy. These things are originally what my brother will tell you when he personally teaches a certain course in the Royal Academy later. I will tell you in advance today."
"What my brother just said is not a trivial matter. It involves centralization and decentralization of power."
"Centralization and decentralization?" Yun repeated these five words.
"It's about centralization and decentralization."
Yun said: "The Ming Dynasty was founded by my grandfather, and the throne will be passed down by my descendants from generation to generation; my brother will be granted a vassal state, and the title of king of the vassal will also be passed down by your descendants from generation to generation. But there will always be something wrong.
Some people also want to be kings. In order to prevent others from trying to usurp the throne, people who are kings always want to tightly hold the power of the court in their hands. So grandpa abolished the position of prime minister and personally handled matters that were originally handled by the prime minister.
.Total centralization of power.”
"But as my brother said just now, not all kings can be like grandpa. My brother has read history books all over the world. From ancient times to the present, no matter how the name changes, the position of prime minister has always been there. It is enough to see that no emperor can be as good as
Grandpa is usually diligent in state affairs. Brother himself can't do it, and he doesn't think you can." When he said this, although he still called himself brother, his eyes were looking at Wenyuan.
Wen Yuan was lowering his head in thought and did not see his father's eyes. Yun looked at him for a few times and then looked back at Yun. "Therefore, the kings of the past dynasties had to establish the position of prime minister and hand over some government affairs to the prime minister.
But in this dynasty, my grandfather abolished the position of prime minister and established the ancestral precept not to establish the position of prime minister; my brother can only find another way and reset the four auxiliary officials to assist my brother in handling government affairs."
"But this kind of official system cannot last long. The fourth auxiliary officer has the right to vote and draft. All memorials submitted by the various yamen of the imperial court will be handed over to the fourth auxiliary officer to draft, and I will give the final approval. According to the rules set by grandpa, the court
The six bureaus and other yamen are directly under my control, and the memorials are handed over to the fourth auxiliary officials to be drafted in the "Da Ming Huidian". There is no basis for it. The fourth auxiliary officials have no definite names. If the names are not correct, the words will not go smoothly. In the long run, it will definitely lead to the cabinet and the six bureaus competing for supremacy.
In fact, when the elder brother came to the throne, the Sixth Department and the Fourth Auxiliary Officer had a dispute over their superiority. In particular, the Ministry of Personnel, as the most powerful department among the six departments, was very discordant with the Fourth Auxiliary Officer, but was suppressed by the elder brother.
The emperor who can succeed may not be able to suppress the dispute between the cabinet and the six ministries like his elder brother. This is why my elder brother directly established the left and right princes in the vassal state instead of having the official position of the fourth auxiliary officer."
"Secondly, the Fourth Auxiliary Officer has the power to vote but does not have the final power to govern. He must expect to have the power to govern. If the emperor does not let go, it will definitely lead to conflicts between the Emperor and the Fourth Auxiliary Officer, which is not conducive to the government's governance."
"Thirdly, the Fourth Auxiliary Officer and the Sixth Ministries compete with each other, and the adjutants within the Fourth Auxiliary Officer will squeeze each other out because there is no clear division of powers and responsibilities. In the long run, it will inevitably lead to fierce party disputes. The courtiers are divided into factions. Whenever an official from another faction proposes
All suggestions, regardless of whether they are right or wrong, will be rejected, and the imperial court will suffer from its consequences. In all dynasties, the disaster of national subjugation is related to party strife."
These three reasons mentioned by Yun are the crux of the cabinet system in the late Ming Dynasty in history. Moreover, Yun did not mention another important point: Fourth, the power of the cabinet caused the emperor to expand the power of the ceremonial supervisor in order to check and balance, which led to the eunuchs being overweight.
.From the true intentions of all the eunuchs in power, they certainly hope for the good of the court more than most civil servants. They have no descendants, and the eunuchs who are in power also have a good relationship with the emperor, so they are naturally closer to the emperor than the civil servants.
However, after the establishment of the ceremonial supervisor, he had to compete with the cabinet and foreign dynasties for power, and the emperor could not completely replace the civil servants with eunuchs, which led to more intense party struggles in the Ming Dynasty. When the civil servants fought back against the eunuchs, because the eunuchs had complete power
Originating from the emperor, the weakening of the eunuch's power will inevitably lead to the weakening of the emperor's power.
The most typical example of this is the "Tombstone Record of Five People" incident. Wei Zhongxian sent people to Suzhou to arrest Zhou Shunchang. The "Suzhou citizens" became angry, rose up in resistance, and rioted. Afterwards, Wei Zhongxian did not dare to pursue the matter at first. Later,
After the storm calmed down, they tried to pursue the matter. Citizen leader Yan Peiwei and five others surrendered themselves and were eventually executed.
Is Wei Zhongxian a bad person? Of course he is a bad person and has done many bad things. It is also a bad thing for him to send people to arrest Zhou Shunchang. The citizens of Suzhou resisted and did a good thing. But the subsequent impact of this incident will have a great impact on the Ming Dynasty.
It is said to be extremely bad.
For the big local families, through this incident, they suddenly realized that they had resisted the imperial decree and killed officials sent by the imperial court, but the imperial court did not dare to investigate seriously, or in other words, it was unable to investigate seriously, and randomly found five people.
If they come to take the blame, they can end it. Then whenever they see the imperial court issuing a decree that is not good for them, they can follow this example to fight against it. If the imperial court sends officials to press them, they can instruct "ordinary citizens" to beat these officials to death and maim them.
Okay! Anyway, just send a few people to take the blame. And at this time, public opinion is completely controlled by them. They may mobilize public opinion in the court to discredit the officials who were killed, and discredit the decree issued. Even the people who took the blame will not be included.
need.
To put it simply, after the "Five Tombstones" incident, the Ming court actually lost control of the Jiangnan area, similar to the situation in Jiangnan after the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Peiping in the late Manchu and Qing Dynasties and the mutual protection of the southeast after the invasion of Peiping. The court can still appoint
Officials in this area can still collect normal taxes, but if they want to do other things, sorry, they can't.
In the history of China, only in the Ming and Qing dynasties did this happen without formal rebellion and without blocking traffic, and even officials could be appointed by the court, but the court lost control. The Manchu and Qing dynasties were due to foreign invasion, and the Ming dynasty was due to the eunuch system.
The birth of the eunuch system was born to check and balance the cabinet. This is also one of the drawbacks of the cabinet system.
Fundamentally speaking, the fundamental reason why the cabinet system has so many drawbacks is that the prime minister was abolished, and successive emperors were unable to fully assume the power of the prime minister, resulting in a power vacuum, and the emperor was unwilling to formally appoint an official position
To fill this vacuum, all the yamen competed for the power that originally belonged to the prime minister.
Precisely because there are so many drawbacks to the implementation of the cabinet system, we will never implement the cabinet system. The system of four auxiliary officials currently implemented must also be reformed in the future.
When Yun first came to the throne, he didn't understand it yet, so he established the Fourth Auxiliary Officer. But as he became emperor for more years and read more history books, he finally figured it out.
However, Yun did not tell the fundamental reason. No matter Yunzhi, Yunyun, Yun or Wen, they are still young. Even if he reveals the root cause, they may not be able to understand it. As for the younger Wenyuan and Wenqi,
Needless to say.
And the three reasons he mentioned are enough. Although Yun is not serious about studying, and although Yun Yun and Yun Zhi are girls, they have read history books, and under Yun's forcing, they have at least read "Zi Zhi Tong Jian"
Several times. Shi Caiyun's explanation is also very easy to understand, and I can understand the three reasons he mentioned.
However, "Brother Imperial, what does this have to do with you setting up the Five City School and sending some of your brothers and nephews to study in this school?" Yunzhi asked again. Not only that, she also had another question in her mind:
'My sister is just a girl, why are you talking to your sister like this?'
"Don't be anxious. My brother will talk about it right away." Yun smiled and continued: "Since the system of four auxiliary officials cannot last long, my brother can only reset the official positions that can relieve the king's worries. Really leave part of the government to them.
"
"In short, brother must hand over some of the power in his hands and decentralize power. In this case, why doesn't brother personally cultivate people who think like me from an early age? Cultivating people with similar ideas to me from an early age can ensure that they will serve in their roles when they grow up.
The official functions of the imperial court are to handle matters according to my ideas and ensure that my various decrees are not distorted when they are passed down below."
"And since they have been personally taught by their elder brother since they were young, they must be closer to their elder brother and more loyal to them than students from the Imperial College or imperial examinations."
"This is why my brother established this Five Cities School."
The people present were silent for a while after listening. Yun Shicai not only told them the reason for establishing this school, but also told them a big truth. They needed some time to digest it.
At this time, a young eunuch at the door said softly: "The official family, the imperial kitchen has brought the food."
"Let them come in quickly." Yun ordered, and then said to Yun and others: "Eat first, and think while eating."
After hearing what he said, everyone came to their senses and found that they were already hungry, so they picked up their rice bowls and started eating. They hurriedly picked up the rice, waited for Yun to use their chopsticks, and started eating with big mouthfuls.
Xiyao said a few jokes to lighten the atmosphere, and everyone laughed, and gradually the atmosphere became less serious.
But at this moment Wen suddenly asked: "Father, there is another matter that my son does not know. Why did you send several uncles or brothers to study at the Five City School instead of continuing to stay at the Royal School?"
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Thanks to book friend Yi Jian 68 for the reward.
The concept about the "Five Tombstones" incident is my own original creation. If there are any similarities, it is really purely coincidental.