"..., Duke Zhongyi Zhang Ziqian finally pacified the Central Plains, Nanyang and Northeast China in 363 AD (1730 AD), and restored the order of the imperial federation."
"Of course, in this process, King Zhu Zhongxu of Sujing, King Zhu Jinfu of Shu, and hereditary Tianchenghou, Cao Kedi, who pursued the title of Prince Zhongsu of Taiwan, also made great contributions. As mentioned earlier, Emperor Zhao brought most of the vassal kings to their capital.
After being sealed overseas, there were only three branches left in the traditional Central Plains: the King of Shu, the King of Su, and the King of Qing. In addition, there were three major non-royal vassal towns in the Central Plains, namely the Zhang family of Duke Xuan who guarded Xuanfu, and the Hou Cao of Tiancheng who guarded Taiwan.
The family and the Mu family, the Duke of Guizhou who guarded Yunnan. Although these three kings and three towns lost their power after the first social revolution, they still had great influence in their original areas. After the Central Plains fell into chaos, they all seized the military power in their areas.
.after……"
"King Qing and the Mu family, Duke of Guizhou, embarked on the wrong path and were defeated by King Su Jing and King Shu Ke respectively, and their titles were completely abolished after the war. The three major vassal towns of Su, Shu, and Taiwan assisted Zhang Ziqian in pacifying the Central Plains and Nanyang.
"said the history teacher.
"This teacher is indeed Xuanchui as my cousin said. Although the contribution made by Su Shutai Sanfan Town was not as great as that of Xuanzang Town, he led troops alone to pacify the northwest, southwestern and southeastern coasts, and did not assist Xuanzang Town at all.
"At this time, Yun's deskmate suddenly whispered in a low voice. He is a descendant of Cao Zhen. Although he is a descendant of Cao Xing, Duke of Zhao who stayed in the capital, and is not of the same lineage as Cao Che, Marquis of Tiancheng in Taiwan, his surname is Cao after all. Although he is related to Tiancheng
Hou's descendants didn't get too close to each other, but they still subconsciously defended the Cao family.
"And there is no need to talk so much about the four major vassals in this class. I will focus on talking about the second social revolution in the future when I talk about the second social revolution." He muttered again.
However, Yun felt that what he was mumbling was unreasonable. Without mentioning Zhang Ziqian and the four of them, the lecture would be incomplete, so it would be better to mention it.
"After the Central Plains and Nanyang were pacified," the history teacher continued, "the four princes began to re-establish order. At this time, the Hanzhou vassal state and the Northwest vassal state were actually independent, and formed the National Alliance, Hefu, and the Tianfang Kingdom respectively.
For political, military, and economic exchanges, the connection with the Central Plains was extremely weak; it was also difficult for the vassal states in Nanyang and Northeast China to maintain their original relations with the central empire."
"Under such circumstances, in order to re-establish order, the four princes had to carry out drastic reforms. First, most of the powers granted to the monarchs of the vassal states during the reign of Emperor Zhao were withdrawn, leaving only a few powers such as supervision and admonishment. At the same time,
A governor-general is established to manage the vassal state. The power of the governor-general is equal to the combined powers of the senior officials of the Central Plains province and the commander of the provincial military region. The term of office is five years and the maximum term is three terms."
"Secondly, because they were still worried about the second social revolution that had just ended, the four princes unanimously agreed to set up parliaments in each province and vassal state. The number of parliament members was set according to the proportion of each member representing 60,000 people, and quotas were allocated on a county-by-county basis.
Members of the parliament and the vassal parliament were directly elected by the people. Major decisions, such as declaring war, raising tariffs, appointing and removing governors, etc., must be approved by 60% of the members of the parliament before they can be implemented. However, because the situation at that time was not yet stable, it was difficult to establish it immediately, so before
For the fourth term, the two governors were still appointed by the central government without the approval of the vassal parliament. However, starting from the time when the second governor sought re-election for the third term, the parliament held meetings for review. Since then, all governors have been approved by the parliament. "
"Third, the "Immigration Act" was formulated. After the first social revolution and before the second social revolution, in addition to strictly prohibiting believers of monotheistic religions such as Tianfang Sect, Crossism, and Judaism from entering the Central Plains and vassal countries where there were no aboriginal believers of monotheistic religions,
There were no other restrictions on immigration, and foreigners could freely enter and exit the Imperial Federation. At that time, not only the Imperial Federation, but also all countries in the world implemented a free entry and exit system, and there were no restrictions on the entry and exit of people from any country."
"Since the "Immigration Act" officially came into effect on July 1, 365 (1732 AD), one: Implement an inspection system for foreigners entering the Central Plains, Nanyang, and Northeastern vassal states. Any foreigners who may endanger the stability of the regime, and anyone who may stay illegally
In the vassal states of the Central Plains and northeastern Nanyang, anyone suffering from infectious diseases and anyone with a criminal record will be refused entry. Second: There are also restrictions on people's migration within the empire, and registration of people in the Central Plains provinces and vassal states
Household registration, anyone must carry identification when going out. Violators will be fined, and those who violate it again will be detained for five days; the merchant system is restarted, and the scope of ordinary people's daily contacts is limited to one prefecture. In 370 years, it was relaxed to one province. Only
Only those with the word 'passage' stamped on their identity documents can travel freely within the empire."
"Fourth, on June 15, 365, the central empire signed the Suzhou Agreement with the vassal states in northeastern Nanyang, which stipulated that a completely free trade system should be implemented between each other, and the contracting parties were not allowed to set up any form of obstruction; any contracting party and foreign countries
Negotiations were conducted, and any agreement reached must be approved by the central government of the empire before it could take effect. The decree to establish a governor and deprive the monarch of his power had actually caused the vassal state to lose its independent status. After the signing of the "Suzhou Agreement", the vassal states in the northeast of Nanyang and the provinces in the Central Plains
There is no difference anymore.”
"fifth,……"
"This series of decrees redefined the relationship between the imperial center and the vassal states, forming the internal system of a new small empire federation."
"During this period, the first overseas vassal state to be withdrawn appeared. Yue Fan was deeply involved in the war in the Central Plains and was pacified by His Highness King Shu Ke. After the war, Yue Fan no longer had any strength to resist the central government, and the four princes decided to
To teach all the vassal states a lesson, they not only deposed and imprisoned the King of Yue, but also completely abolished the Yue vassal and established Guangnan Province."
"After re-formulating the internal system of the small empire federation, the central empire began to restore and formulate relations with other countries. Other countries were divided into four categories, the first category was the Han continent countries, the second category was the northwest countries, and the third category
The third category is Fu and the countries in the Tianfang region, and the fourth category is the countries surrounding the small empire federation. Among them, the relationship between Hefu and the countries in the Tianfang region belongs to world history and will not be discussed today; today we will talk about the relationship with the other three categories of countries.
.”
"The first thing to resolve is the relationship with the neighboring countries of the small imperial federation. These countries include Japan, North Korea, Mongolia, the Lamaist regime on the Tibetan Plateau, Mara (Nepal), Bhutan, Chemengxiong (Sikkim), India, Pakistan, and finally
The special country of Oros.”
"Among them, Mongolia, Korea, and Japan were deeply involved in the civil strife in the Central Plains. Mongolia was controlled by the loyal Duke Zhang Ziqian at the beginning of the civil strife; Japan took advantage of the civil strife in the Central Plains and tried to enter the Central Plains after suppressing the domestic unrest. It once occupied
North Korea also sent troops to attack Liaodong, but was defeated by Duke Zhongyi."
“After order was restored in the Central Plains, after repeated discussions, the Lamaist regimes in Mongolia, Korea, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were brought under the jurisdiction of the central empire, and the provinces of Mongolia, Korea, Qinghai, Tibet, and Xikang were established, but the governance methods were similar to those of vassal states;
Restored the vassal status of Mara, Bhutan, and Drek Mengxiong, and allowed them to become signatories of the "Suzhou Agreement"; accepted Japan's frightened peace request, and agreed to restore this country's status as a vassal state, but did not allow Japan to
Become a signatory to the Suzhou Agreement."
"In fact, at this time, Japan had been completely Chineseized, and there was no difference between the Japanese and the Han people. There were many intermarriages with the Central Plains nobles, but the monarch was not named Zhu. Zhongyi generally believed that Japan should be treated in the same way as the northeastern Nanyang vassals, but
It was opposed by King Sujing and King Shuke; and at that time, Japan still had a certain amount of power and it was difficult to establish a governor to deprive the monarch of his power, so he adopted a restrictive policy."
"Equal diplomatic relations have been established with India and Pakistan. Pakistan is a country separated from the original Indian region. The country's name is composed of the initials of the four states in western India that are dominated by Tianfang Christians plus 'stan', which is a Persian word.
It is composed of the suffix meaning "region" in Chinese and is transliterated as Pakistan. These two countries were one of the most important commodity sales places in the era of the great empire and federation. The central government of the empire recognized the independence of these two countries and established diplomatic relations without any conditions. The purpose was
Let’s restore this big market as soon as possible.”
"Finally, there is the diplomatic relationship with the Oros State. The Oros State was a vassal state of the Golden Horde in the early days of the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Later, it gradually became stronger, destroyed the Golden Horde, and gradually expanded eastward. In the year 292 of the Renaissance calendar (
The empire fought with this country from 1659 AD to 295 AD and drove them to the west of the Qian River (Yenisei River). During the civil strife in the Central Plains, this country had a low level of social development, but no social change occurred.
The revolution took the opportunity to move eastward and occupy the land around Lake Baikal."
"Facing this country, the attitude of the central government of the empire is very clear: it must withdraw from the occupied land. After the failure of diplomacy, Duke Zhongyi personally led his troops northward and wiped out all the Oros army east of the Qian River. The captured soldiers were captured in Qian.
They were executed on the east bank of the river, and the civilians were expelled back to their country, while the officers held it in their hands as bargaining chips. Oros refused to admit defeat,... After being defeated again, he had to sign the "Treaty of Nerchinsk", recognizing that the border between the two countries was the Qian River, and for
The captured civilians paid the redemption fee. Later, the empire established diplomatic relations with the Oros State, and set up customs on both sides of the Qian River to conduct trade. Because the two countries exported completely different goods, they were able to maintain a low tariff of 10% between each other."
"After the signing of the Treaty of Nerchinsk, in order to stabilize its rule over Xianbelia, the empire established two provinces here, ranging from the Qian River in the west to the lower reaches of the Lena River in the east, and the Varka River (Olyokma River)
Xianbelia Province, and Beihai Province extending from the lower reaches of the Lena River in the west, the Varka River (Olyokma River) in the east to the North Sea (Sea of Okhotsk), and the Beijing Strait (Bering Strait)."
"While restoring relations with neighboring countries, the central empire was also considering restoring relations with the northwest vassal states and the Hanzhou vassal state. Shortly after order was restored in 363, the central empire center sent envoys to these countries to express their gratitude to these countries.
Claim: The previous deterioration of relations between the Imperial Center and them and even the war were the fault of the nobles in power at that time. Now that they have been eradicated, the Imperial Center is willing to restore diplomatic relations with them on an equal footing. They only need to nominally recognize the Imperial Center as the suzerainty.
.The relationship between the central empire and the northwest vassal states and the Hanzhou vassal state can be stipulated by signing a public agreement to dispel their concerns."
"After consideration, the northwest vassal states agreed to the request of the central government of the empire. The seven northwest vassal states, dominated by the Qin vassal, also had civil strife during the second social revolution in the Central Plains. The countries of Fu and Tianfang took the opportunity to invade the seven kingdoms.
The Turkmen of the Qin Dynasty were taken away by the Persians, the southern part of Congling that originally belonged to the Luo Fan was taken away by the Afghans, the northern part of the Qincha grassland that originally belonged to the Qin Dynasty, and the southern part of Xianbelia was taken away by the Oros.
The Turks have been trying to seize Qin Fan's territory in the Caucasus. Although they defended the territory along the Caspian Sea, the land along the Black Sea was taken away by the Oros. This meant that Qin Fan lost its only outlet to the sea, which had a great impact on the economy.
.”
"Qin Fan also thought about making distant and close attacks and asking for help from Fu State. However, Fu State required Qin Fan and other seven vassals to sign many unequal treaties, such as one-sided most-favored-nation treatment, such as consular jurisdiction, which seriously endangered the sovereignty of Qin Fan and other vassal countries."
"In this case, the Northwest Territory agreed to the request of the Imperial Central Committee and hoped to rejoin the Imperial Federation. After fierce bargaining, on May 5, 369 AD (1736 AD), the Imperial Central Committee negotiated with the Northwest Territory in Dihua, the capital of Sufan.
The seven vassals signed the "Dihua Agreement", which stipulated that: the northwest seven vassals re-recognized the central empire as the suzerainty, but the imperial center was not allowed to interfere in the internal affairs of the seven vassals; the northwest seven vassals and the signatories of the "Suzhou Agreement" mutually guaranteed that the average tax rate would not be high
is less than 10%, but each has the right to adjust tariffs to protect its country's pillar industries; the central empire has the obligation to send troops to support the seven northwest vassals when they are invaded, to ensure the current territorial integrity of the seven vassals, and other terms."
"After signing the "Dihua Agreement" with the northwest vassal states, the last task of the imperial center was to restore relations with the vassal states of Hanzhou mainland. This task is very difficult. After nearly a hundred years of independent development, the Hanzhou states have already
It has established an independent economic system, has no urgent need to trade with the small imperial federation, and does not need the help of the imperial center. Although it is willing to establish diplomatic relations, it refuses to recognize the imperial center as the suzerainty."
"However, hard work paid off, and the central government found a breakthrough. Long before the order in the Central Plains was completely restored, Duke Zhongyi Zhang Ziqian and Duke Zhongsu Cao Ke were thinking about how to restore relations with the countries of Hanzhou. After conquering Yingtian Mansion
After a short discussion, the four princes sent an envoy to Hanzhou in August 363 to invite the monarch of Li Fan, who was later Emperor Xuan, to be the emperor of the Central Plains. Emperor Xuan was a descendant of Emperor Zhang's third son, and was granted the title of
The northern part of the Southern Hanzhou continent. When Emperor Xuan learned about this, he was surprised and delighted. He couldn't believe it. He asked repeatedly and even sent envoys to the Central Plains. After confirming that the central government of the empire really invited him to be the emperor, he transferred the title of King of Li Fan to the Central Plains.
He gave it to his younger brother and returned to the Central Plains in 364 to inherit the throne."
'They actually invited someone from Hanzhou to be the emperor? Why didn't Zhu Zhongxu and Zhu Jinxian become emperors themselves? Is it because they couldn't compete with each other, and Zhang Ziqian and Cao Kedi were worried that if one of them became emperor, they would eliminate the other three, so they invited
A person who has no foundation in the Central Plains becomes the emperor and acts as a balance among the four people?' Yun thought at this time.
"Inviting the king of Li Fan to inherit the throne influenced the attitudes of the Han states. Finally, in 371, the central empire and the Han states signed the "Hawaii Agreement". Both parties established agencies and resumed trade. At the same time, they promised not to use
Force changes the order on the Pacific coast. The last line is mainly because the vassal states of Hanzhou Continent are worried that the central empire will force the Kingdom of Hawaii in the middle of the North Pacific to become a vassal state. The most powerful Chongfan in Hanzhou Continent is located in the Rockies of North Hanzhou Continent.
There is no territory east of the mountains and on the Pacific coast, so the security of the Kingdom of Hawaii cannot be guaranteed by force and can only be signed by treaties."
"After restoring relations with the vassal states, the small imperial federation turned its main energy to restoring the economy and improving the living standards of the people; it carried out disarmament, but maintained an army capable of protecting the Central Plains and the northeastern Nanyang vassal states, while ensuring the Yingtian arsenal
normal operation, military technology also continues to be researched."
"In 399, civil strife broke out in Li Fan. Li Fan was a vassal state that split from Min Fan. During the second social revolution, Min Fan split. The eldest concubine and eldest son of the former King Min occupied the land north of Mengyang respectively.
and the land south of Mengyang, and attacked each other. After order was restored in the Central Plains, the central empire decided to split the Min Fan in two and recognize all of them as vassal states. By the time the central army of the empire put down the rebellion, the royal family had been killed by the rebels.
The local nobles requested annexation. After repeated consideration and testing the attitudes of other vassals, the central government accepted the annexation and placed it under the jurisdiction of Yunnan Province."
"In 401, the request of Daifan in the northwest is attached. The land of Daifan is extremely barren, but it is also bordered by Pakistan to the south and Afghanistan to the west. The military pressure is extremely great, and the financial revenue cannot make ends meet. The king of Daifan even has to use his private money to fill the gap in the country.
The acting king at that time was not an ambitious person, so he decided to give up the vassal state and become a prince in the central empire. The central empire accepted the request and established Taklimakan Province."
"In 415 and 422, Su Fan, Ying Fan and Yong Fan successively requested annexation. However, their reasons were different. Su Fan was because the nobles believed that becoming a noble in the center of the empire was better than continuing to be a noble in Su Fan.
Therefore, they held the monarch hostage and asked for annexation; because the people at home saw that the living standards of the people in the Central Plains were improving day by day and were much better than them, and the social welfare was far superior to that of the vassal state, they elected those who supported annexation as members of parliament.
, and passed the annexation resolution after parliamentary voting. The imperial center also accepted the annexation requests of the three countries, merged Sufan and Taklimakan Province to establish Dihua Province; adjusted the territorial boundaries between Yingfan and Yongfan, and established Heilongjiang Province and
Jilin Province.”
"But when the Song Dynasty requested annexation in 430, it was rejected by the central government of the empire. The Congress even passed a resolution that it would no longer accept requests for annexation from any vassal state in the future. The reasons for the resolution will not be discussed in this lesson. We will talk about the "Imperial Political System"
We’ll talk about it in the next three sections. But even if the teacher doesn’t talk about it, you should all know it,” the teacher said.
"After the Song Dynasty..., eleven vassal states jointly requested to abolish the provisions in the "Immigration Act" that restricted the free movement of people in the vassal state, allowing all citizens with imperial and vassal nationality to move freely within the small empire federation.
But it was rejected by the central government. The National Assembly passed a resolution allowing citizens with vassal nationality to move freely within all vassal states, but not allowed to freely come to the Central Plains."
"In 424, the five northwest vassal states, except Dai Fan and Su Fan, formally signed the "Suzhou Agreement". The monarch gave up most of his power and agreed to establish a parliament in accordance with the "Parliament Establishment Law" of the central empire, allowing the central empire to dispatch governors for management.
manor."
"There is no other way for these five countries. During the second social revolution in the Central Plains, the five northwest countries were at a lower level of development. The revolution had little impact on them and they still implemented autocratic systems; but as the degree of social development became more and more
The people's demand for participation in political affairs was growing, and all countries had to agree to the establishment of a parliament. The parliament had always hoped to annex, but because the imperial center had announced that it would no longer accept requests for annexation from any vassal country in the future, it set its goal
In order to imitate the Nanyang vassals, because the people of the Nanyang vassals lived better than them. Under heavy pressure, the kings of the five countries had to follow suit and agree to the demands of the people and parliament."
"In 435, the Central Empire and the Hanzhou Alliance signed the "Second Hawaii Agreement." The agreement stipulated that the Hanzhou vassal state recognized the Central Empire as its suzerainty, established a Pacific Rim Free Trade Zone, and allowed the free flow of capital and technology. The contracting countries were not allowed to
Restricted in any way. The "Second Hawaii Agreement" is a symbol, which represents the reunification of all countries ruled by Han people from an economic level."
"Not only that, after the signing of the Second Hawaiian Agreement, the political and diplomatic pace of the Han Dynasty countries and the imperial center became increasingly consistent. Although there were still differences in attitudes towards the Fu country, they were basically the same apart from that.
"
"In 437, under civil and economic pressure, Japan finally compromised with the imperial center and agreed to be managed by a governor-general sent by the central government, and a parliament was established in accordance with the "Parliament Establishment Act" of the imperial center. The first new-style parliament was established and the first term was approved.
After the selection of the governor, Japan became a signatory to the "Suzhou Agreement" and officially joined the Federation of Small Empires."
"..."
"Ten years ago in 471, the empire adjusted its policy toward vassal states for the last time. The Republican Party proposed at a regular meeting of Congress that vassal states, whether dominated by Han people or not, are now called vassal states. There is no distinction. They requested changes.
.After discussion, the Congress passed a resolution to rename vassal states dominated by Han people as vassal territories, and rename vassal states dominated by non-Han people as vassal states, and amend the corresponding provisions of the Constitution."
At this point, the get out of class bell suddenly rang. The history teacher looked at his watch and said: "We are still almost finished, but the rest are not test points. I have never been tested in previous major exams. Take a look for yourselves." "After saying this, he picked up the lesson plan and left the classroom, ending the history class.