But after Yuncai watched for a while, the lunch break was over. Tang Ying heard more and more footsteps and laughter and laughter coming from the corridor, and she hurried back to her seat.
Yun closed the book "The Second Social Revolution" and stuffed it into his schoolbag. According to Zhu Shijie's diary, Lan Tianhe had talked about history when chatting with him. It was harder to fool him than Tang Ying on this issue, so it was better not to let him
It was better to see that he was reading a book about the second social revolution. Not long after he put the book in his schoolbag, Lan Tianhe returned to the classroom. After another five minutes, the school bell rang, and the first class in the afternoon began.
The afternoon classes were two periods of Chinese language and two periods of physics. There was no problem with the Chinese language class. After all, he came from an era where words were extremely important. This class was about ancient Chinese literature, "On the Passage of Qin" written by Su Xun of the Song Dynasty.
He even wanted to correct the teacher's misinterpretation of certain words.
But the physics class is different. Although the physics in his second life has developed to Newton's three laws, which is also the focus of middle school physics, when he gets old, he no longer cares about the latest developments in physics, leaving everything to Yun Zhi
He is responsible and has difficulty listening to the physics class. Fortunately, this is not an exam and he can still cope with the teacher's questions.
After the second period of physics class, Yun did not study in the evening as usual. He left the school with Lan Tianhe, had dinner first, and then went home.
On the way home, he passed by a grocery store near the community, glanced over by chance, and saw two uniformed policemen talking to the shop owner in the store. Yun felt a little strange. Daming was still very strict about police management. It is strictly forbidden to wear uniforms after get off work. It is already after get off work time, and they are still wearing uniforms. They are obviously investigating something. But what can a grocery store owner have to investigate?
Although it was a bit strange, Yun quickly put the matter behind him. He returned home, put down his schoolbag, immediately took out the book "The Second Social Revolution", sat down at the desk and continued reading.
"..., the entire empire has become a piece of dry firewood, just waiting for a spark to ignite it."
"This spark soon appeared. This is the democratization idea spread from the West. Communism was first proposed in the late Renaissance. The person who proposed it was named Thomas More, an Englishman. His first profession was a lawyer.
, later entered politics, and successively served as a member of Parliament, Deputy Minister of Finance, Speaker of the House of Commons, and even a justice. In 1535 AD in 168 AD, he was executed for opposing Henry VIII's concurrent appointment as the head of the church."
"Thomas More was a man who cared about social justice and the suffering of ordinary people. His career as a lawyer and a national official allowed him to have extensive contact with all walks of life. Therefore, he wrote the book "Utopia" in his later years, proposing an ideal society.
Public ownership should be implemented, and people should be completely equal in economic and political power, distributed according to needs; officials should be elected by secret voting, and positions should not be hereditary; residents can work six hours a day to meet social needs, and engage in science, art, and intellectual games the rest of the time
activities; there is no commodity currency relationship, gold and silver are used to make toilet bowls, and policies of monogamy and religious freedom are pursued.”
"Moore clearly stated that private ownership is the root of all evil, causing 'all the best things to fall into the hands of the worst people, while the rest are impoverished'. Only by completely abolishing the private system can wealth be equally and fairly distributed."
Only through distribution can mankind enjoy welfare."
"After More, Italian Thomas Campanella and others also published articles about the communist system, perfecting and developing communist ideas. Finally, in 345 AD (1712 AD), French thinkers
, the revolutionary mentor Morelli published the article "The Communist Manifesto", which clearly and highly summarized the communist thoughts, clearly put forward the concepts of the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, and pointed out how to establish a country that implements the communist system."
"As soon as the "Communist Manifesto" was published, it immediately caused an uproar in the Central Plains and some vassal states of the Ming Dynasty. Capitalists frantically accused communist ideas, but workers and farmers were deeply attracted. Especially communist ideas and traditional Chinese Confucianism
There are similarities with the Datong society in China, and it has caused huge repercussions within the Imperial Federation."
"Under the guidance of communist ideas, workers transcended trade unions and united more broadly. The trade unions that emerged and grew during the reign of Emperor Zhao were originally organizations that protected workers in negotiating with capitalists for their rights and interests. However, after the first social revolution,
, but the upper levels of the union colluded with the capitalists to oppress the workers. After losing the union, it became more difficult for workers to organize and fight against the capitalists. As workers united more broadly, workers started to fight against the capitalists again. For a time, labor movements came and went.
.”
"Of course the capitalists are unwilling to make concessions to the workers. They would rather hire a large number of thugs to suppress the workers' movement than to increase wages for the workers. In this case, some workers' organizations put forward more radical slogans and even launched an uprising. But they could not
Every exception failed. A country controlled by capitalists and supported by the military cannot be overthrown by ordinary people. But at this moment, something unexpected happened and changed the situation."
"This incident was the Indian Rebellion that broke out in 344. After the conquest of India, India gradually became the most important colony of the empire. It was not only a supplier of raw materials and a place for selling goods, but also a source of troops for the empire. Many Brahmans became
Imperial soldiers, following armies of Han people to fight in all directions."
"The empire's rule in India initially paid attention to safeguarding the interests of the local Brahmin princes. However, after the capitalists took power, in order to obtain more profits, they began to infringe on the interests of the Brahmin princes, which aggravated the conflict between the empire and the Brahmin princes; at the same time, the Governor's Office gradually
The beginning of Sinicization also aroused dissatisfaction among ordinary Brahmans."
"The trigger of the incident was the rumor that bullet lubricants were used. There has been a rumor among Indian soldiers that the empire used beef tallow as lubricant to coat bullets. At that time, before loading bullets, soldiers had to bite the bullet shells with their teeth.
Brahmans were taboo against touching the fat of forbidden cows with their mouths and were very dissatisfied with this. Although the imperial officers repeatedly claimed that this statement was a rumor, the Indian soldiers did not believe it."
"On the seventh day of April in 344, more than a hundred Indian soldiers from the 1000th and 200th households of Delhi's right guard openly refused to use the bullets they were issued. Imperial officers arrested them, stuffed bullets into their mouths, and then sent them to
After the incident spread, the Indian soldiers became excited and finally launched a rebellion on April 9th. After the news of the incident spread, princes and ordinary people from all over the country supported it, and the rebellion gradually spread to most of India."
"The rebellion in India lasted for more than three years. The empire mobilized hundreds of thousands of troops to India to quell the rebellion. Although the rebellion was finally suppressed, the empire also suffered huge losses and its national strength was empty."
"This has led to a serious problem, that is, the issue of pensions for soldiers who died in battle and were injured. In the process of suppressing the rebellion in India, tens of thousands of soldiers died in battle, and tens of thousands of soldiers were seriously injured or disabled and were in urgent need of pensions; but the central government of the empire
The treasury was empty at the time, and the capitalists were unwilling to take money out of their own pockets, so they had no money to subsidize them. At that time, the empire still implemented the military household system after the reform of Emperor Zhao. Soldiers and middle- and lower-level officers were often related to each other, and they died in battle.
Or seriously injured soldiers were not compensated, which made most of the soldiers who participated in suppressing the rebellion in India dissatisfied with the empire. At this time, they were exposed to communist ideas and gradually came up with the idea of resisting the government."
"Another thing happened after that. On August 12, 348, the son of a deceased soldier from the Kaifeng Zuowei went to the army station to ask for a pension. He was beaten by the commander's personal guards and thrown out. The man was
He died soon after the villagers helped him back."
"This incident completely angered the soldiers of Kaifeng Zuowei. They opened the arsenal late at night on August 12, 349, launched an uprising, killed the commander, the commander and others, and then shouted 'Long live communism'
'' slogans to attack the city. The soldiers stationed in the city did not expect that there would be an uprising. In addition, many of the soldiers believed in communist ideas. At this time, they all defected, and the city of Kaifeng was quickly captured. This is the beginning of the second social revolution.
The starting point, the Kaifeng Uprising."
"After the rebel army captured Kaifeng City, they contacted the Kaifeng Right Guards and the Kaifeng Central Guards, and allowed the soldiers of these two guards to join the rebel army. They also sent a telegram to the whole country to announce the uprising, and disclosed the reasons for launching the uprising, claiming that they would be based on the **
Socialist ideology establishes a society without exploitation, without discrimination, where everyone is equal and the world is unified."
"After the power was sent out, the central government of the empire was extremely frightened and immediately mobilized the army to counter the rebellion; but the power was applied completely ignited the anger in the hearts of all soldiers, workers and farmers. Many troops refused to counter the rebellion, and even executed senior officers and declared an uprising; the workers and peasants
They got in touch with nearby armies one after another, helped the rebels attack the city, and even picked up the surplus weapons assigned to them by the army to fight against the counter-rebels. The war quickly spread to the entire Central Plains and most of the Nanyang vassal states. Because this time was not ordinary.
The peasant uprising was an organized and politically ideal move under the guidance of communist ideology, so historians call it the second social revolution."
"I don't want to talk too much about the process of the second social revolution. There are so many books on the market about the process of the revolution that I don't need to say more. What I want to talk about is the political ideals of this revolution and the practice of the ideals by the leaders of the uprising.
.There is no doubt that communist thought is a very advanced and great idea. If a communist system can really be established, it will be a good thing that benefits all mankind."
"But the problem is that, at that time and now, the communist idea is not possible to realize. First of all, the realization of the communist system requires a great abundance of material production, but the production at that time was still relatively backward and could not satisfy everyone.
Second, if the communist system is to be realized, people need to have completely selfless ideas. At least the country’s top leaders and most government officials must be completely selfless. However, this has not been realized even now, and it was even less possible at that time.
.”
"We can also see this through the actions of the rebel armies during the revolution. Even those insurgent armies with better institutional construction still have corruption and privileged behaviors among their leaders. Corrupt behaviors, such as Sha Ruijin, the leader of the Huaibei Revolutionary Team,
After being defeated by Zhang Ziqian, Duke of Xuan, he was found to have secretly hid gold, jewelry and banknotes issued by the Han Dynasty worth more than 200,000 yuan. According to his later confession, he planned to flee overseas before failure. Privileged behavior, such as Shaanxi
The 258000 system implemented by the revolutionary team stipulates that only those who are over 25 years old, have joined the revolutionary army for more than eight years, and have an official position of 1000 households or above can get married. The communist system is a system that pursues equality. The Shaanxi Revolution
However, the team imposes restrictions on marriage, which obviously violates the equality of all people and is actually a privilege system."
"..., because there are no conditions for realizing a communist system, it is not surprising that this social revolution full of idealism will ultimately fail."
"Let's briefly summarize the process of the second social revolution. After capturing Kaifeng City on August 12, 348, the rebel army established a revolutionary government and defeated the counter-rebellion forces. Uprisings also occurred in other areas, controlling certain territories and
Population. On October 20, 349, revolutionaries from all over the country gathered in Kaifeng and announced that they would unite to overthrow the imperial rule and establish the Chinese Republic."
"In March of the following year, hundreds of thousands of rebels went south to seize the imperial capital Yingtian. Due to the failure to block the Yangtze River, they turned to attack Jianghuai Province, northern Huguang Province, Shandong Province, Shanxi Province, Shaanxi Province and other places.
All the regions were brought under control. An uprising also broke out in the Nanyang vassal states. The rebel armies of Song vassal states... were suppressed, while the insurgent armies of Pu vassal states... and other vassal states succeeded, destroyed the vassal states, and seized power."
"After the Song Zong Wang Zhu Chang put down the uprising in his country, he sent troops into the Central Plains in the name of support. He later forced Emperor Zhuang to abdicate and proclaimed himself emperor. However, the imperial army, which was still fighting the rebels at the time, did not recognize him as emperor, and the empire split.
; When the rebels attacked Yingtian Mansion for the second time, not many troops came to support. The Song Dynasty's army could not defend the entire river, so the rebels crossed the Yangtze River and captured Yingtian City. King Zong of the Song Dynasty was captured by the civilians in Suzhou during his escape.
kill."
"The capture of Yingtian City in 353 was the pinnacle of the rebel army. In the eyes of most members of the rebel army, it was just around the corner to completely pacify the Central Plains after capturing Yingtian City and establish a unified country; in this way, internal conflicts that had been suppressed in the past resurfaced.
After the war came out, the leaders of the various rebel armies fought for power and tried to become the supreme ruler of the country. At that time, various rebel armies even killed each other, and the pace of the rebel army's elimination of the remaining imperial troops slowed down."
"Xuan Guo Gong Zhang Ziqian, Su Wang Zhu Zhongxu, Shu Wang Zhu Jinfu, Tiancheng Hou Cao Kedi and others gained room to breathe. They imitated Emperor Taizu's approach, stabilized their bases, established contact with each other, and launched campaigns at the same time.
The offensive caused the rebel army to lose sight of one thing and another, and they suffered successive defeats, gradually wiping out the effective strength of the rebel army, and finally recaptured Yingtian City, wiped out the rebel army, and pacified the Central Plains. After that, they sent troops to eliminate the rebel army in Nanyang, and completely restored order in the Central Plains, Nanyang, and Northeast China.