The third step in the separation of military and political affairs is to divide the industrial system under the jurisdiction of the government and change the nature of small and large enterprises established since the founding of the People's Republic of China into state-owned enterprises.
State-owned enterprises implement a joint stock-holding model between the government and citizens. The state occupies more than 50% of the company's shares, and the remaining shares are distributed among the royal family, company employees and meritorious soldiers according to their contribution.
China's monarchy system for more than two thousand years has made the people develop a habitual understanding that the monarch is the country. In addition, Li Mingyuan has made many contributions since he led the Chinese workers' uprising. Therefore, government officials and senior military officers all agree with Li Mingyuan when it comes to the distribution of corporate shares.
Occupy more shares.
Li Mingyuan is the monarch of a country, and all major national affairs are under his control. How many shares he holds in state-owned enterprises is not his main concern. However, as the supreme head of state of Rio Grande do Sul, Li Mingyuan needs to do things for his officials and soldiers.
To set an example, if he himself is unwilling to hold shares in the company, the officials, officers, and soldiers below will be even more embarrassed to hold out their shares when their credit is far less than that of Li Mingyuan.
Finally, after discussions and negotiations between all parties, in accordance with unified standards, the state acquired 55% of the shares in each factory, with Li Mingyuan representing the royal family occupying 10% of the shares, and meritorious military generals and National Defense Forces occupying 10%.
Twenty shares, government officials hold 5% of the shares, and corporate employees receive the last 10% of the shares.
The control of state-owned enterprises is in the hands of the government, and Li Mingyuan is responsible for the shares held by the military and officials. Therefore, although the corporate share structure has changed, the control of domestic small and large enterprises is still firmly in the hands of Li Mingyuan.
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Domestic population resources are insufficient, and concentrating limited efforts on developing industry and the national economy is the basic policy formulated by Li Mingyuan. After sorting out the three major aspects of separation of military and political affairs, Li Mingyuan took advantage of the few days before leaving to get back into busy work.
The separation of functions between military generals and government officials and the establishment of new schools were left to Liu Pu, Zhao Yan and others, while in terms of industry, Li Mingyuan personally took care of it.
In three days, production data records from factories one after another filled the table. After three days of busy work, Li Mingyuan finally had a new understanding of the industrial development status of Rio Grande do Sul.
The textile industry is an industry most closely related to national life, and it is also one of the most advantageous industries in Chinese society for thousands of years. Before the industrial revolution, the textile industry mainly relied on manual operations, and production efficiency was low, resulting in some delicate silk products.
Product prices were high, and with the end of the first industrial revolution, the great powers led by the United Kingdom used new production technologies to greatly improve production efficiency and production scale. In London, factories were filled with produced textiles, and then
It was loaded and transported by steam freighters to the Far East, thousands of miles away, and dumped to the Central Plains, the birthplace of silk.
Squeezed out by Britain's cheap textile products, traditional handmade textile workshops in Suzhou, Songzhou, Changzhou and other places in mainland China went bankrupt one after another. Many female textile workers were reduced to selling their bodies on the streets. The British Empire, which had harvested a vast commodity market, was on the road of development.
The further you go, the stronger you become.
The textile industry is a low-tech industry, and it is also an important industry related to national life and national stability.
When Britain opened the mainland market and dumped textiles in an all-round way, on the other side of the sea not far away, Japan began to implement the reform movement. The country promulgated reform decrees from top to bottom and supported the local textile industry by formulating policies that were beneficial to the country's textile industry. Development of the textile industry.
In the early days of the Restoration, Japan mainly relied on exporting raw materials, food, tea and other agricultural products to obtain foreign trade profits.
Looking at the proportion of exports from 1866 to 1868, in 1866, food and raw materials accounted for 56%, and textiles accounted for 25%. By 1868, food and raw materials accounted for 50%, and textiles accounted for 35%.
During the initial difficult stage of the reform, Japan used the profits from exporting textiles to accumulate the first funds for industrialization, laying the foundation for Japan's future economic rise.
It is undeniable that Japan's reform reforms have a progressive aspect. It enabled Japan to get rid of a backward agricultural country and develop a small country into a large country in East Asia that stands side by side with the Western powers.
The situation in Rio Grande do Sul in the early days of the founding of the country was more dangerous than in Japan. Therefore, in terms of industrial development, Li Mingyuan took more radical measures than Japan. In the early days of the reform and reform in Japan, the textile industry mainly relied on the government to formulate support policies, while production was Relying on cheap labor for artificial production, it was not until around 1880, more than ten years after the Reform and Reform, that textile machinery began to be introduced for industrial production. In Rio Grande do Sul, because Li Mingyuan had more insights from later generations, the textile industry began to decline from the beginning. is the path of industrialization development.
The textile industry consists of four links from raw materials to finished products: raw cotton, spinning, weaving, and dyeing. Among the four links, in addition to manual operations required to collect raw materials, the three main links of spinning, weaving, and dyeing are all completed by machines.
In Hetao County (Pelotas), the agricultural base of Rio Grande do Sul, the purchased raw materials such as cotton, linen, wool, alpaca wool, etc. are transported to textile factories near the sea, and then the raw materials pass through textile machines and looms. , a series of textile machinery such as printing machines and dyeing machines are processed into brand new fabrics. Part of the final fabrics are transported to garment factories as raw materials for military uniforms to be made into black or gray military uniforms, while the other part is directly passed through One after another, newly opened shops were sold to ordinary Chinese.
Li Mingyuan spent more than one hundred tons of gold on the purchase of industrial equipment including textile machinery, but the gold spent was not in vain. In the textile industry alone, several textile factories containing complete sets of textile machinery were quickly transferred to the textile industry after trial production. The busy formal production state and orders of up to 100,000 pieces of military uniforms from the army have brought the textile factory to the first peak period of production. After industrialized production and product prices dropped significantly, the textile industry base in Hetao County not only reaped the benefits of ordinary Chinese Large-scale orders were placed, and even Paraguayans, as allies, began to purchase fabrics from textile mills.
The Hetao Textile Factory is the hottest industry in Rio Grande do Sul. Orders from the military, domestic Chinese and Paraguayans have put the textile factory in a state of shortage as soon as it started. As the most important part of commercial transactions, a large number of cloth shops, ready-made garments Stores came into being. Some retired or disabled veterans received support from the government and used delayed payment methods to purchase fabrics from textile mills, and then sold them to ordinary Chinese through stores. Except for those cloth stores opened by retired Chinese soldiers, county towns There are more shops opened by newly immigrated Chinese businessmen. They immigrated to Rio Grande do Sul with their keen sense of smell and bold adventure characteristics, and then invested their accumulated wealth in the hottest textile industry.
Li Mingyuan is happy to see the new immigrant Chinese businessmen investing in the textile industry. Although the government does not give preferential treatment to those businessmen who open cloth stores like they do to retired soldiers, but in terms of taxation, the government has also made a lot of efforts.
The exemption reduces their costs of operating a business warehouse.
The prosperity of the textile industry not only brought manageable benefits to the newly immigrated Chinese businessmen, but also had a great impact on the animal husbandry and economic planting industries that were closely related to the textile industry.
As we all know, the raw materials of the textile industry are kudzu, hemp, cotton, animal fur, silk, etc. In the Central Plains, hemp is the main raw material for ordinary people's clothing. In South America, due to the influence of geographical location, the main textile raw materials are cotton and animals.
fur.
After European colonists arrived in the Americas, they brought flax and other plants, which changed the local economic plant species, but did not change the status of cotton as the main raw material for the textile industry. Like other places in South America, Rio Grande do Sul is also known as
Cotton is the main raw material for textiles. A large amount of cotton is grown in the southern plains near Uruguay. The textile raw materials for the Hetao Textile Factory are also obtained from nearby farmland.
The quality of cloth produced with cotton as raw material is higher than that of linen. Therefore, Li Mingyuan did not change the economic and agricultural structure of Rio Grande do Sul. He only sent people to introduce some other types of economic plants from the mainland and Europe to make the domestic
The economic and agricultural structure is more comprehensive.
Mulberry sericulture is a world-famous advantageous agriculture in China, and Rio Grande do Sul has the same climate and environment as the Jiangnan region, making it very suitable as a base for the development of sericulture. Therefore, Li Mingyuan introduced it from the mainland when he assigned Sun Bin the task.
Mulberry trees, silkworms, and bankrupt female textile workers in Jiangnan.
The development of economic agriculture has increased the economic income of Chinese farmers, and some retired soldiers who originally did not plant cash crops or only planted a few cash crops have begun to grow cotton and other cash crops in their own fields, driven by the development of the textile industry.
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Retired Chinese soldiers and Chinese laborers who were allocated land owned large areas of land. Especially the Chinese soldiers who retired after the expedition. After being allocated hundreds of acres of land, most of the land had to be left vacant due to lack of manpower. Dozens of acres of land were left vacant.
The cultivated land is also planted with too much rice and soybeans, so harvesting is very labor-intensive. Therefore, after comparing with the benefits of planting cash crops, more and more retired soldiers choose to spare part of their energy to plant cash crops, while millet and other crops
Crops are grown according to the per capita cultivated area advocated by the government.
Due to the influence of the textile industry, domestic agriculture has developed in the direction of combining economic agriculture with traditional agriculture, while animal husbandry, which provides animal skins, has developed in another direction.
Due to the economic blockade in Brazil, Argentina and other countries, the number of horses, cattle, sheep and other livestock in Rio Grande do Sul was not high in the early days. Later, after the government reached an agreement with the Americans on the introduction of Chinese labor, it soon reached an agreement on the introduction of livestock.
protocol.
This transaction is the largest livestock import transaction conducted by Rio Grande do Sul. According to the agreement, Rio Grande do Sul purchased 20,000 male horses and 40,000 mares from the United States at one time at a price that is 10% lower than the market price.
Ten thousand bulls, 45,000 cows, 70,000 sheep, and 100,000 wild buffaloes processed at low prices.
It is difficult to tame wild buffalo. Rio Grande do Sul originally had no idea of ​​purchasing bison. However, after hearing the price offered by the Americans, Wang Youtian, the person in charge of Rio Grande do Sul, was tempted: the price of a bison is only half the price of a buffalo.
one tenth.
The price offered by the Americans was very low. After hearing this, Wang Youtian quickly reported it to Li Mingyuan. After getting approval, he added an agreement to purchase 100,000 bison.
Li Mingyuan didn't understand why the Americans disposed of this batch of wild water buffalo at a low price at first. Later, after asking Wang Youtian carefully, he found out that when the Americans were building the Pacific Railway, the railway company organized company members to capture hundreds of
Among the 10,000 bison, in addition to those eaten by workers as food and those that died of illness, there were still more than 100,000 bison that had not been disposed of until the railway construction was completed, so they thought of selling them to Rio Grande do Sul at a low price.
Although the bison cannot be used for farming, they are just slaughtered as beef cattle, and the profit obtained exceeds the purchase price from the Americans. Moreover, the bison can not only be eaten, but can also be used to breed with buffalo to produce domesticated animals.
The next generation of buffalo.
The transaction with the Americans went relatively smoothly. By October 1869, all the purchased livestock had arrived in Rio Grande do Sul, and some livestock injured during transportation were also put to effective use. Li Mingyuan instructed the food processing factory to make
Canned food is supplied to the troops.
The food processing industry developed on livestock breeding is a different aspect from economic agriculture. In addition to the fur of farmed livestock being supplied to textile factories as raw materials, the meat of the livestock itself can be made into cans and preserved.
After the development of preservation technology, food preservation is no longer a restriction that limits people's consumption. The use of iron cans to preserve perishable meat products has lowered the price of meat, making it affordable for ordinary people.
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Rio Grande do Sul is located on the Pampas Plains. The local rich agricultural resources provide ample development space for the food processing industry. As for canned food, under the guidance of Li Mingyuan, the processing plant not only produces all kinds of meat
Many new products have also been developed in canned food, fruits, edible sauces, vegetables, etc.
Livestock such as cattle and sheep purchased from the United States are mainly used for agricultural development. There is not much meat that can be eaten by ordinary people. Canned meat was mainly supplied to the troops in the initial stage. Therefore, the initial products produced by food processing plants were mainly vegetables and
Canned Fruit.
It is a pity not to be able to eat meat often, but it is also a good thing to buy a can of vegetables and fruits that are not expensive, and taste the taste of specially processed canned food for the first time.
It is not as popular as the textile industry. As a new thing, canned food was only spread in a small area at first. Later, after tasting the taste of canned food, more Chinese chose to buy it a second time. As more and more people
With the exposure to canned food, originally fresh food became a daily necessity for ordinary people, and the food processing industry also inadvertently integrated into ordinary Chinese.