After attending the meeting held by Lopez Jr. and returning to Rio Grande do Sul, Li Mingyuan immediately turned to dealing with domestic affairs, and time gradually passed while he was busy.
At the end of September 1869, Hou Yaoguang, the leader of the Yixing Hall in the Malay Peninsula, was accidentally hacked to death by a Chinese man belonging to the other party in a fight. Five days later, the master of the Tai Kung Hall was killed by his traitors. The Yixing Hall and the Tai Kung Hall remained.
His power was quickly taken over by a newly emerged Chinese gang called the Taiping Society, and the Taiping Society became the most powerful Chinese gang in Southeast Asia.
After the Taiping Association officially appeared in the Nanyang Chinese community, it rapidly expanded its sphere of influence and annexed more than 30 Chinese gangs. There were also more than 30 gangs secretly controlled in the Malay Peninsula. In just six months, the Taiping Association
He completed the unification of the Chinese forces in the Malay Peninsula, and in the name of more than 60 Chinese gangs under his control, he dispatched manpower to Thailand, Annan, the East Indies and other regions to establish local branches of the Taiping Society.
On October 5, 1869, Huang Shengui, who received the support of more than 200 Chinese congregants, took the initiative to retaliate against Ruishengtang. At this time, Ruishengtang had expanded its power in the past two months and had more than 500 gang members. Ruishengtang
Relying on the numerical advantage, he defeated Huang Shengui again. On October 12, Rio Grande do Sul's representative in the United States went to San Francisco to meet with Huang Shengui in person and had an hour-long conversation with him. Two days later, Huang Shengui announced that he would join the Taiping Association and reorganize Hongshun Hall into
After Huang Shengui announced the gang reorganization of the American branch of the Taiping Society, Rui Sheng Tang, who thought he had an opportunity, launched an attack on Huang Shen Gui in the name of crusading against Hongmen traitors. However, he was attacked by a group of unidentified Chinese militants. Rui Sheng Tang
Most of the congregation suffered losses, and even the church leader was injured by the other party in the fight. He died of his injuries three days later.
After Liu Xing's death, the remaining more than 200 Chinese congregants were worried about retaliation from Huang Shengui, so they either defected to other Hongmen gang members, or disbanded and left San Francisco. With the fate of Ruisheng Hall as a comparison, other Hongmen gang members
They did not dare to accuse or attack Huang Shengui for joining another company, and stayed away to watch Huang Shengui's strength grow step by step with the support of Rio Grande do Sul.
In early 1870, Rio Grande do Sul drew on the experience of introducing Chinese workers to Peru and reached agreements with the authorities in the United States, Canada, and Australia to repatriate Chinese workers.
The Rio Grande do Sul government successively appointed Huang Shengui, Huang Liangpu, and Long Xingbang as immigration representatives in the United States, Canada, and Australia, who were fully responsible for the immigration affairs of local Chinese workers.
Among the three, Huang Liangpu was Huang Shengui's nephew. After Huang Shengui stayed in the United States, he recommended Huang Liangpu to Wang Youtian as the immigration representative of Rio Grande do Sul in Canada. Wang Youtian reported it to the local government and was approved by Li Mingyuan. Huang Liangpu relied on Huang Shengui to establish a stronghold in Canada.
The foundation quickly opened up, and the first batch of 2,000 Chinese workers were transported to Rio Grande do Sul in February 187o. Although the number of Chinese in Canada is not as large as that in the United States and the mainland, because Canada is closer to South America, from Canada
The cost of obtaining immigrants is much lower than that of immigrating directly from the mainland, so Li Mingyuan also attaches great importance to Canada's immigration work, and is also satisfied with Huang Liang and Pu Xun's immigration of Chinese workers in Canada.
Long Hongbang is the leader of a Chinese gang in New South Wales, Australia. He has deep prestige in the local area and is trusted by Chinese workers. Moreover, Long Hongbang himself is extremely disgusted with the Manchu government. After living overseas, he continued to promote anti-Qing ideas and later led his subordinate Zhong Shao.
, Xue Yizhong and others jointly established an anti-Qing revolutionary organization and were the first overseas Chinese to engage in revolutionary work.
When the representatives of Rio Grande do Sul approached Long Hongbang, Long Hongbang was discussing with his subordinates Zhong Shao, Xue Yizhong and others to protest against the anti-Chinese policy promulgated by the Australian government. The representatives of Rio Grande do Sul promised to properly resettle Chinese workers and provide each Chinese worker with
The act of dividing the land really moved Long Hongbang. After the two parties got along for more than half a month, he saw with his own eyes that Rio Grande do Sul and the Australian government reached an agreement to resettle Chinese workers. Long Hongbang decisively led his men to join Rio Grande do Sul and became Rio Grande do Sul.
The person in charge of the Chinese labor force in Australia.
In July 1870, the Franco-Prussian War still followed the inherent inertia of history. Four days after the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, Li Mingyuan personally issued a general mobilization order, recruiting all the garrison and reserve militia to the vicinity of Xinjing. A week later, the assembly and organization was completed.
Eighty thousand troops began to advance into northern Argentina in batches. Another 10,000 regular troops and 20,000 garrison troops were stationed in the Santa Catalina border area to guard against the threat of the Brazilian army.
On August 2, just before the outcome of the Franco-Prussian War was decided, Argentina and the National Defense Forces had their first large-scale encounter. Argentina's 4,000 encirclement and suppression troops fought with 10,000 Wehrmacht vanguard troops. Two hours after the battle, the follow-up troops of the National Defense Forces
Rushed to the battlefield and quickly wiped out four thousand Argentine troops.
News of the annihilation of four thousand Argentine troops reached Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina. The Argentine president declared war on Rio Grande do Sul in anger. Three days later, Uruguay, forced by the Argentine government, also declared war on Rio Grande do Sul.
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On August 7, a coalition of 60,000 Argentinian troops and 10,000 Uruguayan troops marched towards the northern provinces. The war seemed to be slipping in an uncontrollable direction at the beginning.
The reaction of the Argentine government was beyond Li Mingyuan's expectations. After receiving a total of 70,000 troops from Argentina and Uruguay to go to the front line, Li Mingyuan quickly adjusted his deployment and expanded the scope of mobilization while ensuring the minimum manpower requirements for the operation of Rio Grande do Sul. In the past year,
All the 100,000 Chinese immigrants who immigrated were recruited into the local army to perform homeland defense tasks. At the same time, the second-line troops released from local defense tasks were put into the border area between Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay to prevent the Argentine and Uruguayan troops from leaving Rio Grande do Sul.
A flank attack from the south.
The military operation in Rio Grande do Sul became a risky adventure due to the strong reaction of the Argentine government. On August 12, when the National Defense Forces and Argentine troops were in a stalemate on the front line, the Brazilian Empire suddenly announced an act of aggression against Rio Grande do Sul.
The attack was carried out. One day later, the Brazilian army stationed in Curitiba launched a fierce attack on Dongsheng County (Joinvia). Within three days, the Brazilian army successively broke through the outer positions and the first and second lines of defense of Dongsheng County.
The vanguard is approaching the core area of Dongsheng County and poses a huge threat to the Dongsheng County Naval Base.
Dongsheng County is the former capital of Santa Catarina state in Brazil, and is also the core support point of the National Defense Forces in the northern region. Once the Brazilian army breaks through the defenses of the National Defense Forces and occupies Dongsheng County, there will be only one remaining area between Dongsheng County and the new capital.
There is a barrier in Xinghe County (Florianópolis), but the Brazilian navy can cross Xinghe County and threaten the security of the new capital from the sea.
A telegram from the defenders of Dongsheng County reached Xinjing City. Despite the objections of many generals, Li Mingyuan insisted on dispatching the 8,000 troops responsible for the security of Xinjing City to the front line, leaving only 2,000 field troops and 7,000 temporarily formed troops.
The Chinese labor force defended the new capital.
The Eight Thousand Field Army was Li Mingyuan's last strategic reserve force. After dispatching the Eight Thousand Army, Li Mingyuan stayed at the National Defense Forces Headquarters, always paying attention to the battle situation on the front line.
Time passed forward according to the established trajectory. At the end of August, reinforcements arrived in Dongsheng County to withstand the attack of the Brazilian army. On August 27, Lopez Jr. of the Kingdom of Paraguay made a mild announcement to persuade Nanli.
Oglan, Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay stopped the war and used negotiations to resolve the dispute.
On August 29, a battle broke out between the main force of the National Defense Forces Navy and the Brazilian Navy off the coast of Dongsheng County. Two of the five main force ironclad ships of the National Defense Forces were sunk and one was seriously damaged. Six sail warships were sunk. The Brazilian Navy purchased three warships from France and the United States.
The battleships suffered frequent malfunctions during the battle, and were eventually sunk by the National Defense Navy. Only two ironclads successfully escaped from the battlefield, and all the sailing battleships were lost.
The naval battle off the coast of Dongsheng was an important turning point in the war. The National Defense Forces Navy defeated the Brazilian Imperial Navy at the cost of losing nearly half of its main force, destroying the Brazilian Navy's ability to threaten the National Defense Forces' rear from the sea, and helping the defenders of Dongsheng County to hold on to the decisive battle with the main force.
Victory creates opportunities.
The victory in the Battle of Dongsheng alleviated the crisis of the National Defense Forces, and on August 31, 187o, a force of ten thousand people suddenly appeared behind the main Argentine force heralded the dawn of victory.
The National Defense Forces troops that passed through the rugged mountains of southern Argentina and broke into the rear of the Argentine troops were a surprise force prepared by Li Mingyuan. The 10,000 National Defense Forces troops used newly produced bicycles as their means of transportation. They circled more than 800 miles in a week and captured the Argentine troops in one fell swoop.
A supply base was established in the rear and blocked the retreat path of the Argentine troops.
On September 1, 187o, Argentina mobilized 20,000 troops from the front line to attack the rear and was occupied to obtain a supply base, but was repulsed by 10,000 national defense troops.
On September 2, 187o, the French Emperor formally surrendered to the Prussian army on the European continent. Five days later, the main forces of Argentina and Uruguay, which had been cut off from ammunition and logistical supplies, were completely defeated by the full-scale attack of the National Defense Forces. Two days later, the commander of the Argentine coalition forces surrendered, and the National Defense Forces
A decisive victory was achieved, wiping out 10,000 enemies and capturing 50,000 prisoners.
After annihilating the main force of Argentina, the National Defense Forces swept all the way south, not only occupying all the five northern Argentinian provinces designated by Li Mingyuan, but also additionally occupying approximately two-fifths of the land in Santiago del Estero Province and Santa Fe Province.
If it were not for the dispersion of troops, the front line of the National Defense Forces would probably have reached the Argentine capital.
After the decisive battle, the balance of victory quickly turned to the side of the National Defense Forces. At this time, little Lopez saw an opportunity and quickly joined the battlefield. On the one hand, he sent troops to occupy the Misiones Province of Argentina, and on the other hand, he attacked Brazil in the name of the Brazilian local army violating the peace agreement.
The army launched a sudden attack and occupied the depleted Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul within a month, forcing Lopez Jr. to withdraw the troops attacking Rio Grande do Sul into the country to prepare for further attacks by the Paraguayan army.
The South American War, born in 187o, presented a chaotic situation due to the drastic changes in the European structure and the successive participation of Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, Bolivia and other countries.
After the main Argentine army was annihilated, the Argentine president was executed by angry military personnel. Urquiza, Felna, and the remnants of the Argentine president quickly fell into chaos after a brief period of peaceful coexistence after the National Defense Forces stopped in the northern part of San Feil province.
In the battle for control of the central government, Uruguay lost the war and occupied about 60,000 square kilometers of land by the National Defense Forces. White people in the country fled to other places because they were worried about the attack by the National Defense Forces.
The National Defense Forces need time to digest the newly occupied territory, and the various forces in Argentina have not yet completed the unification of forces. Therefore, although the two forces are still in a state of war, neither side is willing to expend strength to continue the war. Therefore, the war between the National Defense Forces and Argentina
It has become a sit-in mode. The two armies are stationed in the controlled areas. Except for small-scale conflicts that often break out, there have been no large-scale battles.
Although Li Mingyuan's determined war against Argentina experienced many severe tests in the process, he finally won victory, which expanded the area controlled by the National Defense Force from 403,000 square kilometers before the war to 1.117 million square kilometers, making it an important territory in South America.
A big power. There are more than 200,000 whites in the newly annexed six northern provinces of Argentina, 50,000 square kilometers of Santa Fe province and 60,000 square kilometers of Uruguay. With the expansion of Rio Grande do Sul's power, they will continue to expel them blindly.
The policy could easily lead to British intervention. Therefore, Li Mingyuan did not intend to touch the whites in the newly occupied areas for the time being. Instead, he would wait until the Chinese gained an absolute advantage before adopting targeted policies to force some whites to leave and then naturalize them.
For the assimilation of white Chinese, the policy of boiling frogs in warm water was used to solve the white problem.
