Chapter 264 Industrial Mother Machine, Aristocratic System
On the morning of December 17, when the first ray of sunlight shined through the window into the study, Li Mingyuan had just packed up his clothes and was getting ready to go out.
"Your Highness, General Li has sent word that the transport fleet has sailed to the offshore waters of Hetao County and is expected to arrive at Xinjing Port at noon today."
Liu Pu walked outside the study, saw Li Mingyuan who had just come out, and said.
"Well, I will dispatch a company of troops from the Guards Brigade to perform security work at the port, so I won't pick her up myself."
Li Mingyuan paused and added, "The war between Chile, Bolivia, and Peru has started several months earlier than expected. The domestic battle plan made in advance will have to be changed, and the date of getting married to Miss Wu will have to be postponed for a while."
"Is His Highness worried that Bolivia and Peru will not be able to stop the Chilean naval offensive?"
"There is such a concern."
Li Mingyuan loosened his sleeves and continued, "The impact of the war between Chile, Bolivia, and Peru cannot be explained clearly in one or two sentences. Come with me to the research institute first, and we will discuss the war later."
explain."
After Li Mingyuan made the decision to start the war in advance, the first thing he did was not to convene a meeting of the main military officers of the National Defense Force to deploy combat missions, but to go to the Royal Academy of Sciences of Han Dynasty outside Xinjing to check the progress of a number of scientific research projects.
.
The scientific research projects in Han Dynasty started in 187o and lasted for about eight years by the end of 1878. During these eight years, most of the research projects were discontinued due to the lack of scientific research talents and the current backward technological level.
No significant progress has been made, but in several key areas, relying on the unfamous scientific research talents who were intercepted in advance has enabled Han to lead the world in certain specific fields.
Manister, Jedlick, and Eström are the most important scientific researchers in the Royal Academy of Sciences. Among the three, Jedlick is responsible for the research on rotating magnetic field AC motors and arc lamp projects, and Eström
Mu was responsible for the preparation of metal elements by electrolysis, while Manister was responsible for steel refining and production wage improvements.
In terms of background alone, although Eström and Jedlik are not as good as those great scientists, they are also physicists with a certain social status, while Manister is just an ordinary skilled steel worker with a professional background.
In terms of knowledge, Manister and the other two are basically in the same weight class. However, the things scientific research has discovered are sometimes not determined by the individual's comprehensive scientific quality. Especially in the second half of the 19th century, human beings were in a state of scientific knowledge.
There are too many undiscovered truths in the system, and many inventions and improvements in science and technology are not based on first having scientific theories, and then applying the scientific theories to practice to invent various advanced technologies.
It is a phenomenon that scientific researchers or industrial technicians discover in accidental or inevitable practical operations based on years and decades of practical work experience, and then summarizes universally applicable scientific theories based on the phenomena.
Therefore, it can be said that the vast majority of technological inventions are science and technology beyond the current level of human cognition, and the reason why the science and technology of new inventions are more advanced is because people do not yet understand this technical field.
Manister is a person with insufficient theoretical knowledge but rich practical experience. He has decades of working experience in steel smelting plants. After being poached by Li Mingyuan to the Han Dynasty, he based on the ideas provided by Li Mingyuan and followed his work experience.
After a long period of experience, it took three years to successfully develop a new steel pipe rolling method in 1877.
The steel pipe rolling method ordered by Manister was invented eight years in advance. This technological invention alone enabled Han to make huge progress in the steel field. However, although a single technological progress could make up for the industrial development of Han
Despite its shortcomings, it was unable to improve the overall industrial level of Han State by one level.
The steel industry is an industrial integrated system composed of countless branches of technology. From coal mining, iron ore smelting, electrolytic separation of special metals to final production of finished products, shortcomings and deficiencies at any stage will lead to the final product being produced.
fail.
Generally speaking, the industrial development of Han Dynasty started late. The steel smelting plant and military factory established in 1869 were the earliest industrial basic systems. After nearly ten years of development, Han Dynasty developed in some daily life fields and important military industrial fields.
It achieved self-production and self-sufficiency, but compared with Britain, France, and Germany, Han's industrial system was relatively low-level and rough.
For example, in terms of textile manufacturing, although there were many garment factories in Han Dynasty that produced fabrics, they did not have the machine tools to produce garment equipment.
The same thing is true in the steel smelting and weapons manufacturing industries,
The performance of Han's military factories and steel smelting plants can reach the average international level, but if these mechanical equipment malfunction, Han will still need to purchase equipment parts from European countries for repairs.
Therefore, it can be seen that the industrial system of Han Dynasty is based on buying, buying, buying. If you want to buy machine tools for the production of machinery and equipment, sorry, European countries are not stupid. Even if you give a big price, they will
We will not hand over the core machine tools and supporting machine tool technology to you.
Machine tools are called the mother machine of industry. The development of other industries is based on the production of machine tools. Therefore, Han Dynasty's huge capital investment has only established the foundation for industrial development. If you want to go further, you must master the machine tools independently.
Production and manufacturing related technologies.
Core machine tool technology is difficult to buy even with money. Most of the small number of machine tools Li Mingyuan spent money to buy are relatively backward equipment. To obtain machine tool technology from European countries and successfully digest it, the cultivation of scientific talents in the country is one aspect, and
Exchanging advanced industrial technology for the other party's machine tool technology is another effective way.
After the Mannister barrel-making method was proven to be effective in practice, Li Mingyuan asked Liu Pu and others to contact Germany. Finally, on the condition of sharing the Mannister barrel-making method technology and paying a part of the funds, they successfully introduced production rifles from the Germans, 75 mm.
Industrial machine tools and technology for artillery machinery and equipment, and then within the following year and a half, using the previously recruited European technical talents and Chinese overseas students, they gradually digested the production and use methods of machine tool equipment, making Han's shortcomings in machine tools better.
Effective compensation for the first time.
Although Manister invented the new steel pipe rolling method under Li Mingyuan's guidance, Li Mingyuan did not treat him badly because of it. Fortunately, in order to retain the scientific and technological talents recruited from Europe, Li Mingyuan immediately raised Manister's salary.
According to the salary level, he was promoted to deputy director of the Royal Academy of Sciences. After the other party decided to stay, Li Mingyuan also revealed that he would be awarded the hereditary baronetcy within three years.
Obtaining a title in a monarchy is undoubtedly the highest encouragement for an individual. However, due to Li Mingyuan's deliberate delay, the title system in Han was not established until the second half of 1878. According to the standards set by Li Mingyuan, the title system in Han was divided into royal and imperial titles.
There are two types of nobles.
The descendants of the royal family are divided into princes, princes, princes, princesses and princesses according to their distance and achievements.
Prince is the highest title for a member of the royal family, and is generally entrusted to the monarch's direct descendants. After the monarch's direct descendants die, their heirs will be demoted to the next level and inherited.
Prefecture king and title prince (a title in the Spring and Autumn Period, such as Bai Qi, Lord Wu'an) are hereditary titles and do not need to be inherited by demotion.
Princess and princess are titles for female members of the royal family and are not hereditary.
The aristocratic system is divided into hereditary princes and princes and non-hereditary barons and knights.
Non-hereditary barons and knights are generally awarded to outstanding scientific and technological talents and meritorious generals who have not reached the hereditary title, while the hereditary fifth-class male title is awarded to outstanding scientists, military generals and officials.
Although the two title systems of the royal family and the nobility have different systems, they have unified requirements in terms of awarding standards. All individuals awarded a title must have great achievements and cannot be biased because of their status and advantages. When inheriting a title, all heirs must
You must serve in the army for three years and be approved by the army chief and the title supervision committee before you can inherit the title.
At the same time, as a role model for all classes in the country, nobles must maintain good personal qualities and must not rely on their status as nobles to bully the weak. Otherwise, they will be exempted from the right to inherit the nobles. In serious cases, their family's noble title will be revoked and then handed over to the judicial authority for prosecution.
Conviction and processing.
From ancient times to the present, the standards for granting nobility have been very strict. However, as time entered the second half of the 19th century, the rights of the traditional nobility became smaller and smaller. Li Mingyuan followed the trend of the times and weakened the rights of the nobility. In order to ensure the honor of the nobility,
nature, more detailed measures will be taken to strictly limit the number of nobles. According to the results of discussions with major generals and officials, after the successful occupation of Argentina and Uruguay, the number of the first batch of hereditary nobles will be controlled within thirty people, and
The title of non-hereditary nobles will also be controlled within 100 people.
Thirty hereditary nobles are very rare compared to the one or two thousand suitable nobles in Japan, Germany and other countries. Correspondingly, the sparse number of nobles proves his cherishment. Therefore, when Li Mingyuan promised to grant him the title within three years,
After Manister inherited the hereditary title of baron, the other party did not hesitate and agreed on the spot. He also took the initiative to take his wife, children and children to live in Han, and changed their nationality to Han.
Manister's decision made Li Mingyuan very happy. Not all white Europeans are high-minded people. As long as they are ruthless and lure them with enough benefits, some people will still be willing to stay and serve the Han Kingdom.
Because of Manister's leadership, more than 40 white European technical talents hired chose to settle down and contribute to Han's industrial undertakings. As a result, the Frenchman Darman refused Li Mingyuan's offer to stay and insisted on ending the work contract.
Afterwards, most of the adverse effects caused by returning to France dissipated, and Li Mingyuan's confidence in continuing to recruit European scientific and technological talents for his own use also increased a bit.
