'Picric acid is a yellow explosive that is more powerful and violent than the famous TNT explosive. Among high explosives, picric acid is second only to nitroglycerin in its power. It has good stability and simple preparation methods. In the 1980s and 1990s
It is one of the most suitable explosives for artillery shells.
Picric acid is the first smokeless gunpowder to be developed in the field of indigenous explosives. However, various types of smokeless gunpowder, such as single-base explosives used as rifle ammunition and double-base gunpowder used in artillery ammunition, are still in the experimental stage.
In the verification stage, probably in another three to five years, smokeless gunpowder with different characteristics will enter the practical stage and be equipped for use by local standing regular armies.
The technological progress made by the Han Dynasty in textile dyes and explosives was widely spread through many local government-run newspapers. Zhou Sheng and Lin Shenhe, as the first batch of local scientific researchers to achieve major scientific and technological breakthroughs, were awarded
The title of hereditary baronet.
On January 5, 1880, Zhou Sheng and Lin Shenhe received from Li Mingyuan the iron certificate and imperial edict symbolizing the certificate of hereditary noble title. As a result, the number of hereditary nobles in the Han Kingdom increased to 53.
On the day of the conferment, in addition to Zhou Sheng and Lin Shenhe, who received the most attention, a total of seven researchers were awarded non-hereditary barons, knights and other titles. Four of them were local Chinese researchers, and the other three were
Manister, Jedlik, Eström, and Li Mingyuan, who made the greatest contributions to the steel, electrolytic metal, and alternator projects a few years ago, once made a promise to them. If they made a breakthrough in the research field,
Moreover, if they are willing to become Han nationalities and serve the Han government forever, then Li Mingyuan will grant them noble titles.
Li Mingyuan's words have always been true, but because before the ceremony of proclaiming himself emperor, the three of them were still unwilling to make it clear that they would become Han nationalities and be loyal to the Han government. Therefore, their names were not on the list of the first batch of knights.
At the end of 1879 and entering the new year, the three of them thought for a long time. Faced with the favorable conditions offered by the Han government in terms of title, wealth, status, etc., they finally agreed to be loyal to Li Mingyuan, become Han nationality, and promised to protect their work.
The scientific research projects were kept secret and followed the arrangements made by the Han government for them.
After receiving clear responses from the three of them, Li Mingyuan fulfilled his original promise and decided to grant them the title of nobility. However, due to the hesitation of the three of them some time ago and the improvement of the situation in the Han Dynasty, the hereditary baronetcy originally planned to be awarded was downgraded.
As a lifelong baron, only when the three of them make another technological breakthrough in the field of their research, can the lifelong baron hope to become a hereditary baronetcy.
The second nobility title awarding ceremony for scientific and technological researchers ended successfully. On the second day, the preparatory activities for the establishment of Chang'an University of Technology and the Chemical Society, which focused on the education of chemical engineering branch disciplines, officially began. Li Mingyuan drew 500,000 Han from the royal industry.
The 1 million Han Yuan allocated by the Yuan Dynasty and the Han government will be used as the starting funds for the foundation construction and scientific research projects of Chang'an University of Technology. At the same time, in order to show the importance of the royal family to scientific research and education, Queen Wu Lingxuan and Concubine Zhang Baoyi took the initiative to provide private funds in their own names.
From the dowry, 200,000 Chinese yuan and 150,000 Chinese yuan were donated to Chang'an University of Technology for free to support the Han government's strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and technology.
Even the queen and concubines donated their dowries and invested them in the field of science and technology and education. Senior officials from various central government departments and military generals naturally could not remain indifferent. Officials such as Hu Yaji, Liu Pu, Sun Bin, Zhao Yan, Zheng Qiru, etc. responded to the queen and concubines one after another.
Call for donations of varying amounts of funds to major institutions of higher learning for free.
In 1880, the first year of Jianye's reign, the first year of imperial reform, the country unknowingly came to an end amid the boom of large-scale construction.
At the end of January 1880, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs held talks with diplomats from Western countries stationed in China on the formal establishment of diplomatic relations. A month later, the talks ended, and the Han government and the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, the Netherlands, and Belgium
China, Switzerland, Denmark, Italy, Sweden and other ten European countries reached a consensus, and the two sides established diplomatic relations at the ministerial level. The Chinese government dispatched formal diplomatic officials to the ten European countries, established consulates in European countries, and was permanently stationed in Europe to handle matters.
The two sides have various diplomatic, economic, political and other relations. In terms of the ten European countries, countries that had diplomatic personnel stationed in Argentina and Uruguay earlier immediately upgraded them to embassies in Han and officially took over the foreign affairs responsibilities for Han.
For those countries that established diplomatic ties with Han for the first time, some European diplomats were dispatched to Han to establish diplomatic ties between the two sides.
In March 1880, a fleet of two main ironclads, two locally built small ironclads, and thirty-two large and medium-sized ocean transport ships carried 400 Marines and more than 2,000 criminals sentenced to exile.
, departing from Yishui Port, the capital of Haizhou, and set sail for the central waters of the South Pacific to receive Samoa and Zilu, which were exchanged with the Germans.
In mid-April, the last batch of 11,000 Chinese immigrants stranded in Southeast Asia due to the Argentine War arrived in South America. The transport fleet anchored at the mouth of the Rio de la Plata and underwent another month of disease prevention, epidemic health inspections and simple
After the renovation, the 11,000 immigrants were divided into two groups. One group of 4,000 people went north along the Paraná River to settle in the Pampas. The other group of 7,000 people continued to take transport ships south along the offshore coastline to the Patagonian wilderness.
Then every time it passed a coastal port, the transport fleet dropped off a group of immigrants, allowing them to bring farm tools, food, livestock, etc. issued by the government to temporarily establish temporary settlements in offshore areas with water sources and pasture, and then adapted to Patago.
After absorbing the natural environment of the Nia region, they then migrated to the inland areas, following the direction of rivers and growing pasture.
In November 1880, under the organized arrangements of the government, immigrants established a total of seventeen settlements in Valdes Peninsula, Viedma, Ushuaia, Rosen, and near Lake Argentina.
From the transport ship arriving in the mainland of South America, docking in Songzhou (City of Buenos Aires), to the southernmost point, the immigrant settlement established in the Ushuaia area of Tierra del Fuego.
The Han government used Chinese immigrants to control the 3,200-kilometer-long southern territory from north to south in a point-to-point manner.
Although the Patagonian wilderness in the southern region has poor soil and scarce rainfall, the vast grasslands and the diverse climate environment of the coastal areas have created rich animal and plant resources.
For example, the Valdes Peninsula in the Golden State (Chubut Province) area has a total area of about 3,625 square kilometers. The land on the peninsula is barren and not suitable for the growth of soybeans, wheat and other crops. However, a large number of rheas live on the peninsula.
Wild animals such as camels, alpacas, wild deer, foxes, etc., and large marine animals such as South American fur seals, walruses, and southern right whales inhabit the offshore areas near the Atlantic Ocean.
The Indian tradition of domesticating camels to carry goods inspired the Chinese immigrants who migrated to Patagonia. Near the Valdes Peninsula, Viedma and other immigrant settlements, young Chinese people were seen by the immigration resettlement officer.
Under the organization, hunting teams were formed one after another, going deep into the inland areas to specifically look for traces of camels, and then taking advantage of the speed of the horses riding under them to surround and capture the discovered camels.
The advancement of chemical dye technology has promoted the progress of the local textile industry, and also promoted the development of the camel animal breeding industry and the camel down processing industry.
After immigrants capture alpacas, guanacos and other camel animals, most of the alpacas will be scattered and raised in land allocated by each family, except for a few injured parts that are difficult to treat.
The native area is vast and sparsely populated, and the population is relatively dense. In the Pampas grassland, where the livestock industry is the most developed, on average, each cow fed by immigrants occupies one hectare of grassland, while in Patagonia, an average alpaca can occupy one hectare of grassland.
Two hectares of land.
The unique natural environment provides the most suitable conditions for the development of local animal husbandry, and the development of animal husbandry provides valuable starting capital for industrial development.
At the end of 1880, according to the latest statistics, the total number of cattle in the local area exceeded 9 million, and the number of sheep reached 13 million. The total number of cattle and sheep was nearly three times the local population.
The rapid growth in the number of livestock, mainly cattle and sheep, has driven the growth of agricultural exports. At the same time, excess cattle, sheep, pigs and other livestock are also gradually changing the dietary structure of the Chinese in South America.
Take the annual meat consumption of Chinese families in the Pampas region as an example. Ten years ago, Chinese families who had just immigrated to South America were worried about encountering another continent-style disaster and only ate meat every few weeks, while Han Chinese families only ate meat every few weeks.
After more than a year of national occupation of the La Plata area, external threats have weakened significantly. Each civilian family raises a varying number of livestock. Therefore, their demand for meat products has also increased from the initial annual increase of each household.
From four to five kilograms of meat, the average household consumes 160 kilograms of cattle, sheep, and pork every year.
The ample intake of meat food ensures the normal nutritional needs of the local people. Those northern refugees who have just arrived in the local area often gain ten to twenty pounds in weight rapidly after staying for three or two months, and their appearance is also characterized by their sallow and thin appearance.
A rosy, healthy complexion is replaced.
The improvement of eating habits and living environment has had a huge impact on the local people. Although the impact on adult Chinese is not too obvious, the new generation of children born in the local area are generally taller than their peers. They have just come from the mainland.
The young immigrants who migrated were one or two centimeters taller.
During the feudal society, the natural height of the Chinese ethnic group was always higher than that of neighboring countries. However, after entering the Ming and Qing dynasties, the number of citizens increased sharply and per capita food production was insufficient. This resulted in a gap between the height of the Chinese and modern Westerners.
In mainland China, the natural height limitation of Chinese people due to insufficient food intake is no longer possible in the Han country. It is foreseeable that when those new generation babies who were born in the country and have sufficient nutritional intake grow up, they will Their average height and physical fitness will be significantly improved compared to their parents.
