Chapter Four and Five The Development of Lanfang and Songkhla
The Chinese ethnic group’s desire for land is unquenchable.
The end of the 19th century was in the darkest historical period of the Central Plains. In order to fight for the hope of survival, tens of millions of people had to leave their familiar and poor hometowns and migrate to Guandong, northwest, overseas and other regions.
Pass through Guandong, take the west entrance, sail to Nanyang, move to South America,
The heavy suffering created the largest migration in Chinese history, and also changed the fate of hundreds of millions of overseas Chinese and their descendants.
When later generations of historians of the Han Empire recorded the migration path of their ancestors with heavy and admiring writing, they wrote: “The families who went to sea were penniless, and they wore the only shabby clothes they had.
The barefooted children, holding on to wooden sticks step by step, begged across hundreds and thousands of kilometers to the nearest coastal port, and finally boarded a crowded steam transport ship, all the way.
It takes several months of bumpy seas to reach the South American mainland."
Large-scale overseas migration activities are the last efforts of people struggling on the edge of life and death. Their efforts and sufferings did not completely end the moment they set foot on a foreign land overseas, but it also announced the beginning of a new life.
From 1868 to 1889, the number of Chinese people who went to sea to make a living increased exponentially. The ban and control of the Manchu and Qing Dynasty's sea voyages were in vain due to the deliberate connivance of the southeast coast and local officials.
In order to extract the final profits from the poor people, many local officials even began to actively induce young people to go to sea, and then used their families as collateral, requiring the young people who returned from the sea to pay some money before they could take them with them.
The family moved overseas together.
Young people took the lead in going out to sea, and after finding a way to survive overseas, they paid a certain amount of money to bring their relatives to live overseas.
The Qing court officials tried their best to plunder, which not only satisfied their own pockets, but also made it easier for the people at the bottom to go to sea. It didn't matter if their families were too poor and they were penniless. They could just leave their families in their hometown and sign a debt owed to them.
Debt agreement, the government takes the initiative to help you solve the customs issue. In this specific historical period, in the past 21 years, the total number of overseas Chinese exceeded 14 million, excluding the nearly 7 million people who immigrated to South America (17.42 million in mainland China)
Population, including about 2 million whites, Indians, immigrants and descendants of immigrants.)
More than 80% of the remaining people chose to stay in Nanyang.
Songkhla covers an area of more than 30,000 square kilometers, with a population of more than 2 million in 21 years, and a total population of more than 2.4 million. The Lanfang Grand Dominion claims a territory of 500,000 square kilometers, and the actual territory is 300,000 square kilometers, and has a Chinese population of more than 2.6 million.
, the total Chinese population is more than 3 million.
Songkhla, Lanfang, Thailand, and the East Indies have received a total of nearly 6 million Chinese immigrants. With the continuous flow of young immigrants, the overall strength of Songkhla and Lanfang has continued to increase, and they have gradually become capable of resisting the British to a certain extent.
, the aggressive power of the Dutch colonists.
In October 1882, Songkhla and Lanfang announced at the same time that they would accept the comprehensive reorganization of the South American Han Kingdom. The two countries' politics, economy and other aspects would carry out thorough reforms in accordance with the South American Han Kingdom model.
In September 1884, after two years of training and transformation, they entered Songkhla and Lanfang as ordinary Chinese. A total of 10,000 national defense troops and more than 400 government officials officially took over the economies of the two countries from the old ruling class.
Military and political power.
In November 1884, in accordance with the instructions of the local governments, the Songkhla and Lanfang rulers successively established a regular army of 34,000 and 36,000 respectively based on the 10,000 regular troops of the National Defense Force stationed there.
The troops in the two places totaling more than 70,000 people, although on the surface they are under the banner of Songkhla and Lanfang, are actually the same as those in South America. The newly migrated people are managed and arranged by government personnel dispatched from South America.
Newborns and immigrant children receive the same loyalty and patriotic education as native South Americans. In newly established schools at all levels in Songkhla and Lanfang, teachers emphasize every day that Songkhla and Lanfang are part of the Han Empire.
, all the people living in the two places are subjects of the Han Empire. Their local people only live in different areas, but their identities are the same.
The subtle penetration of South American Han into Songkhla and Lanfang aroused the vigilance of the British colonists and Dutch colonists.
In February 1886, half a year earlier than the time when Lan Fang was destroyed in history, the Dutch East Indian colonial government used the Chinese people's illegal crossing of the border to reclaim wasteland as an excuse to send 4,000 white soldiers and 13,000 indigenous soldiers to launch a sudden attack on the Lan Fang Kingdom.
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The war initially followed the direction of the East Indian colonial government. In mid-March, 17,000 Dutch colonial troops successively occupied more than 20 camps abandoned by Chinese immigrants and entered the city of Pontianak, the capital of Lanfang.
On March 17, the Dutch colonial army, led by indigenous troops, launched an attack on Pontianak City. The war lasted for half a month. The Dutch colonial army successively paid the price of 600 white soldiers and 3,000 indigenous soldiers casualties, but still failed to capture Pontianak City.
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On April 6, just when the commander of the Dutch colonial army hesitated and wanted to evacuate, he was suddenly besieged by a Chinese force of nearly 30,000 people.
On the one hand, there are more than 30,000 Lanfang National Defense Force soldiers who are defending their homeland and have received comprehensive local military training. On the other hand, the Dutch colonial army is tired from long battles and has suffered heavy casualties. Under the huge disparity in comprehensive strength, they have conquered Borneo overnight and have been rare for nearly a century.
The enemy's Dutch colonial army was brutally surrounded and annihilated. More than 10,000 of the more than 17,000 colonial troops were captured, but less than 4,000 people were actually killed in battle.
The result of the Battle of Pontianak made the British and Dutch colonial forces clearly realize that Songkhla and Lanfang were no longer the countries composed of Chinese ethnic groups that they had exploited and humiliated before. They had accepted the subtle education and education of the Han Dynasty in South America for more than ten years.
After comprehensive reforms in the political, economic, military and other fields, the two places have a total population of more than 5.5 million and are supported by modern civilization beliefs. According to the mobilization system of the South American Han Dynasty, it is completely possible to mobilize nearly 50 to 80 people under extreme conditions.
Ten thousand troops.
In the past twenty years, the South American Han Kingdom has gradually established its international status in the competition between the world's great powers. Twenty years later, they want to imitate the French way of driving the South American Han Kingdom out of Annan and force the South American Han Kingdom to give up their war on the Song Dynasty.
Ka and Lan Fang's support and secret control are unrealistic.
Through the Battle of Pontianak, after recognizing the balance of power between the two sides in Nanyang, the British Malay colonial government chose the wisest way to persuade the Dutch East Indian colonial authorities and the Lan Fang Dominion to resolve their conflicts in a peaceful manner.
and conflict.
Faced with the olive branch extended by the British colonial government, the top military and political leadership of Lanfang, under the orders of the local government, on the one hand sent personnel to negotiate with the Netherlands, and on the other hand took advantage of the heavy losses suffered by the Dutch colonial army in the name of regaining lost territory.
Launched a massive attack on Dutch Borneo.
On June 12, Sukadana, Banyan and other West Borneo areas all fell into the hands of the Lanfang Defense Force. The Dutch colonial army, which was frightened by the combat power of the Chinese army in the Battle of Pontianak and many subsequent battles, had no choice but to fight.
He retreated step by step and continued to send telegrams for help to the Governor-General's Palace of East India.
There are over 10,000 islands in the Dutch East Indies, and the tens of thousands of Dutch colonial troops are spread over nearly 1.9 million square kilometers of scattered islands. How can they be mobilized so easily to support the Borneo defenders? Moreover, due to the impact of the Battle of Pontianak,
The indigenous forces in other parts of the East Indies were also ready to move. At this critical moment, the Governor of the East Indies did not dare to mobilize troops rashly. He could only continue to ask for help from the British colonial government, asking the British government to coordinate and resolve the Borneo dispute as soon as possible.
On July 10, five months after the outbreak of the Borneo War, the smoke-filled East Indies returned to calm again.
Lanfang and the Viceroyalty of the Dutch East Indies signed an agreement, officially recognizing the Grand Dominion of Lanfang as an independent country. The Kingdom of Lanfang dissolved its affiliation with Lanfang. The two sides used the Machen and Putusibao lines as the dividing line.
About 300,000 square kilometers to the west is the territory of Lanfang, and about 240,000 square kilometers to the east is the territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
The "Pontianak Armistice Agreement" was signed, and Lan Fang's territory expanded twice. Although it cannot be compared with its heyday, under the siege of the Gram colonists and British colonists, it was able to achieve such an achievement, which was enough for a team sent to Lan Fang.
The officials and generals were satisfied.
Lanfang and Songkhla are a vital link in the century-old strategy of the Han Kingdom in South America and cannot be tolerated. Therefore, at the end of the Great Court Meeting, Li Mingyuan appointed Mei Dongxing, who had served as the governor of the two northern provinces of Annan, as the new governor of Lanfang to replace
The local government is in charge of Lanfang's political affairs.