For Western powers, establishing close economic cooperation with an emerging country that is undergoing comprehensive industrialization means that they can obtain a huge industrial and commodity market, and through commercial cooperation, they can also help emerging countries establish industrial systems.
In the process, a long-term and stable capital investment location with huge economic value will be obtained.
From 1868 to 1880, trade between Han and Western powers was mainly based on imports.
The Han State used funds obtained from treasury treasures acquired in the early stage, gold and silver jewelry seized in wars, and exported agricultural and animal husbandry primary commodities to purchase the machinery and equipment needed to establish a primary industrial system from Western powers and some products that could not be produced locally.
commodity.
During this period, the main target of Han's foreign trade was Prussia (Germany).
For about 12 years from 1868 to 1880, Han purchased machinery, equipment, industrial products and other commodities worth approximately 120 million Han yuan from Western countries through import trade. Among them, the trade amount with Prussia (Germany) reached 2.5 million marks.
, accounting for approximately 78% of Han's total foreign import trade during the same period.
From 1880 to 1889, Han Dynasty's industrialization construction made initial progress, and the foreign trade model also changed from mainly importing machinery and equipment and industrial commodities to a sustainable development model that mainly introduced industrial technology and attracted foreign capital as a supplement.
During this period, because the Han State occupied and digested the territory of newly expanded areas such as Argentina and Uruguay, the local population, and the overall international status were greatly improved, the objects of Han State's foreign trade also expanded from Germany to Germany, Austria-Hungary, and so on.
Empire, France, Italy and other European powers. During this period, the relationship between Han and Britain gradually improved, and Britain quickly became one of the countries with the largest economic and trade exchanges with Han besides Germany.
In the 1870s, first-class powers such as Germany, France, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the United States began to enter the stage of complete imperialism. The domestic industrial markets of each country were completely divided, and excess industrial and commercial products and capital could not find an outlet for release. Therefore, from 1870
Since the end of the 1990s, capital consortiums from various countries that have completed monopoly business operations have begun to shift their investment focus from domestic to foreign countries.
During this period, the performance of monopolistic enterprises headed by the American capital consortium was the most typical.
American imperialism is the product of the rapid development of capitalism after the Civil War.
The Civil War greatly promoted the industrialization process in the northern United States.
The destruction and reconstruction of the South opened up new markets for Northern products. From 1865 to 1870, the Bank of the United States
Total capital increased sharply.
During the same period, the pace of conquering the Indians in the West intensified, and for the first time the characteristics of monopolistic imperialism appeared.
Merchants and railroad owners came here closely following the pioneers who occupied the land and established an agricultural and handicraft economy.
In the ten years from 1865 to 1875,
The struggle against Indians and buffalo opened the way for capitalist railroads, banks, ranchers, and land speculators.
In many cases it is small and medium-sized farmers and herders who take up arms
They resisted the invasion of capital monopoly imperialism and resisted the expropriation of their land by banks and financial groups. However, compared with the monopoly consortium, their power was insignificant, so their uprisings were eventually suppressed with blood.
After eliminating the disobedient farmers and small and medium-sized farmers, the operation to build the railway continued.
Then, railroads quickly connected the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and at the same time, various minerals were developed.
After 1875, through bloody primitive capital accumulation, banks, railroads, minerals and steel emerged in the United States.
and other “empires” represented by monopoly consortiums.
The rapid development of U.S. monopoly imperialism (rough development, full of life-and-death struggles among business owners) has fueled its offensive psychology. The consortium capitalists who lead economic development think that they are the leaders of the people and are the ones who will make the United States the leader of all countries.
The Implementation of the Theory of Manifest Destiny
The United States was intoxicated by its material achievements in a ruthless struggle against its capitalist rivals, and it became an imperialist intoxication. The conquest of the West, the plundering of Indian lands and the massacre of ethnic groups did not go too far.
It extends to the Pacific coast, ending in California and Oregon, but crosses the Pacific to defend Japan and the Far East of China. In the southwest, the United States extends its defenses to Mexico, Central America, and the entire Latin America.
Continent continues to expand.
The victorious monopoly capitalists have set their sights beyond the borders of their country. Their expansionist ideas have influenced the policies of politicians in Washington and the thinking of the masses. The American masses are under the anesthesia of "Manifest Destiny" and the spirit of the Monroe Doctrine.
, fanatically set off a trend of anti-Chinese, imposing the persecution of Indians and the British treatment on American Chinese workers. After that, the American monopoly consortium cheered the declaration of the Monroe Doctrine and carried out activities outside the borders of the United States in the name of protecting weak countries.
Savage economic expansion!
The expansion of the United States first appeared in Latin America. In the 1800s, the total export trade of the United States to Latin America was only US$70,972, which increased to US$1.8 million in 1880 and to US$3.47 million in 1885.
The initial overseas expansion of the American monopoly consortium was only concentrated in North America, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean and other countries and regions with backward economies and where the government lacked its own financial resources. However, after entering the 1880s, as the total industrial output of the United States quickly overtook the United Kingdom and the domestic
The industrial market is becoming more and more saturated, and under the influence of excess factors, the emboldened American monopoly consortium has quickly shifted its hunting targets to South American countries such as Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil.
The American monopoly consortium, which pursues economic interests like a shark, is a natural expansionist. Under the early concessions and compromises of the British, the Americans advanced step by step, first taking away half of the territory of Mexico, then exerting influence on Cuba, and then intervening in Central America.
South America.
Throughout the Americas and everywhere within reach of American capital, they came into conflict with Britain's established colonial interests and influence.
After the 1880s, in South America, Britain was no longer as restrained as before. It first expanded the scope of direct colonial rule in British Guiana, accelerated its political and economic control over Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador, in an attempt to build a chain in northern America.
The barrier prevents American invasion.
Subsequently, Britain quickly changed its diplomatic policy of being hostile to Han and took the initiative to reconcile with Han.
Under the threat of the common enemy of the United States, Britain and China not only increased economic and trade cooperation, but also in the political field, the two countries joined forces to undermine the United States' attempt to establish the American League of Nations and successfully expanded the American power.
Contained outside northern South America.
Before Germany fell out with the United Kingdom, the competition between the United Kingdom and the United States for international hegemony was all-round. From the vast Pacific, the Far East, Africa, and even Europe, there were performances of capital competition all the time, and in the north and south
, America, the region with the most fierce competition between the two sides, Britain, whose economy and national power has gradually reached its limits, feels increasingly powerless in its confrontation with the Americans.
None of Mexico, Brazil, Cuba controlled by the Spanish and other regions could play a role in confronting the United States. The only South American Han country that was valuable was because of the brutal expansion of the emperor and his army, which made the British feel
Tricky, dare not completely let go of the constraints on Han, pushing Han to the front line against the United States.
The British did not have many political and economic interests in Paraguay. In order to win over the Han, the British could allow the Han army to intervene in the Paraguayan civil war. As for the Republic of Brazil, although the British invested a lot of money in it, it was facing the Americans in Brazil.
Given the challenge of the Republic intervening in one corner, giving up the Republic of Brazil is not an unacceptable option when forced to do so. Apart from Paraguay and the Republic of Brazil, the only country that British politicians cannot give up is Chile.
Chile exports more than 60% of the world's saltpeter mineral output every year. If Han is allowed to expand its territory in South America, it will be difficult for Chile, which is rich in mineral resources, to avoid being occupied by Han after Paraguay and the Republic of Brazil.
fate.
It is not in Britain's interest for Han to control the supply of saltpeter in Chile. However, in order to draw Han to fight against the United States, Han's expansion needs must be met to a certain extent. As a diplomat, if you want to accurately grasp
The scale between the two is a very difficult thing.
The British Empire is the country that controls the most extensive territory in the world. The United Kingdom, which owns land in various regions around the world, has no shortage of land to settle its own citizens. The expansion of the territory of Han Dynasty in South America will not directly harm the British economy.
Benefit,
On the other hand, although the Western powers ostensibly recognize the reality of Latin American independence, in fact, for Latin American countries where the proportion of pure whites is extremely low, Western countries do not regard them as members of the white ethnic group.
In South American countries during this period, because they had not yet ushered in the large-scale immigration of European whites, the proportion of pure-blooded whites in each country was not high. Take Chile, where whites dominated in later generations, as an example. The proportion of pure-blooded whites only accounted for 10% of the total population.
6. The proportion of Indo-European mixed race people is 60%, while that of Indians reaches 34%.
The weak eat the strong, the fittest survive, and the Western powers who follow the laws of the forest essentially do not care about the living conditions of a small group of South American whites. If the international situation changes, they can exchange favorable conditions for the United Kingdom by sacrificing Chile. The British government's group
Gentlemen, they will also make a decisive decision to abandon Chile.
South America is like a big whirlpool. The United States, Germany, France and other countries have joined it one after another, and for the sake of profit, they are constantly competing fiercely with British capital and consortia. From the British perspective, not only the United States, Germany, France and other countries are competing
It is difficult to deal with opponents. Temporarily available allies such as Han State, Chile, and the Republic of Brazil do not make people worry. Not to mention the conflicts between Han State and the Republic of Brazil, Chile, which was originally the most deferential to the United Kingdom, has become uneasy because of Barr.
With President Maseda coming to power, not only has the relationship with Britain become more and more distant, but the disputes between the two countries over the ownership of saltpeter mine resources have also become increasingly serious.
All kinds of problems are entangled together, and when thinking about it for a moment, Williams feels a headache. However, the real problems will not change because of Williams' personal subjective perception. Just when Williams plans to temporarily put the complicated South American world into perspective,
Putting the affairs behind him and enjoying his leisure time in the afternoon, the arrival of several uninvited businessmen from the British consortium quickly caused his original beautiful plan to come to nothing.
