Edel picked up the telegram, and the content surprised him. Yes, it was a surprise. This telegram said that a revolution had occurred in Hungary and the Soviet regime had been established. Edel looked at this telegram from Hungary and could only say
God help me.
In this telegram, the process of the Hungarian revolution is described in detail.
Four years of war brought huge disasters to the Hungarian people. The Hungarian ruling class organized 3.5 million troops to participate in the war. On average, one in every six people in the country participated in the war, of which 661,000 died and 734,000 were captured.
Compared with pre-war levels, production levels were greatly reduced. For example, the agricultural harvest in 1918 was only equal to 60% of pre-war levels. Workers' wages also dropped, with steel workers' wages falling by 52% compared with pre-war levels.
There was an extreme shortage of commodities and food supply was very difficult. For example, in January 1918, it was stipulated that each adult in big cities should be provided with 100 grams of bread per day. In June, this quota was reduced to 82 grams, and it was often not available. In small cities,
In China, there was no rationed supply at all, and the majority of the people were hungry and cold, struggling to survive.
Under this situation, people were gathering dissatisfaction. On November 25, 1917, a demonstration and rally of 100,000 people broke out in Budapest. People ignored the government's ban and held a rally in the city square. They chanted the slogan: "Down with
War!” “We want peace!”
However, the Austro-Hungarian government used soft tactics to suppress the will of the people.
However, in this march and rally, the ultra-left socialists Otto Colvin, Imre Saray and others, as well as the openly leftist Landeler and others of the Hungarian Social Democratic Party (established in 1890), were joined by
This established a connection. They promoted their ideas in industries, mines, enterprises, trade unions, and soldiers on the front and rear, and the results were pretty good.
Then in January 1918 and June 1918, two strike rallies broke out in succession, each one larger than the last.
After July, in the face of the national independence movements that broke out one after another in various places, the Hungarian government represented by Tisza could no longer hold on. He had no choice but to step down in the face of the turbulent public dissatisfaction. The next one was represented by the 48-year Independence Party.
A coalition government formed with the Social Democratic Party and other parties was established in Budapest.
However, this new government failed to solve major issues, such as the land issue, equal rights for ethnic minorities and democratic reforms. This made it impossible to offset the people's grievances. At this time, Lenin, who was busy with the civil war, saw the opportunity to shift the pressure.
He sent back the Hungarian Communist Party led by Bela Kun and others, and also gave them a batch of funds to launch the revolutionary cause in Hungary.
In September 1918, Belakun returned to Hungary from Soviet Russia with a group of Communists who had participated in the Russian Revolution.
Kunbera, who had high hopes from Lenin, was also a remarkable figure. He was born in Transylvania and graduated from the Law Department of Kolozhvar University. He worked as a journalist. In 1902, he joined the Hungarian Social Democratic Party.
After the war broke out, he was drafted into the army, captured in Russia in 1916, and joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1917. In March 1918, he founded the Hungarian Communist Group directly under the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and served as its leader. From his experience, he
It can be seen that he is a person who is good at seizing opportunities.
As soon as Belakun returned to Hungary, he used some left-wing social democrats, socialists, and prisoners of war who returned from Russia to form the Hungarian Communist Party.
Belakun, who had stayed in Russia and personally participated in the revolution, certainly knew the importance of propaganda, so he established the "Red News" within a month. He vigorously advocated Lenin and the Russian Revolution, and advocated the need to provide rations to the poor people of Hungary.
Land, workers' wages increased.
Therefore, under his instigation, the Hungarian Communist Party developed rapidly. In one month, it developed from a little-known small organization to one of the largest political parties in the country. In the following time, the Hungarian Communist Party grew like a snowball.
Bellakun used this time to form his own armed Red Guards in an attempt to use them to seize power.
Not only that, he also received strong support from Russia, including Hungarian soldiers who were captured by the Russian army during the war. These Hungarian soldiers who were trained by Russia and fought against the Russian Provisional Government Army were involved in the Russian Civil War for ten years.
There were as many as ten thousand people. Under Lenin's order, more than half of them returned to Hungary through various methods and joined the armed forces of the Hungarian Communist Party.
This made Bellakun even more emboldened, and the government led to many conflicts.
For example, on December 25, 1918, in Kechikmet, cavalry influenced by the Communist Party occupied the barracks and disarmed the officers. On the 26th, in Budapest, bloody clashes broke out between workers and the government’s armed police.
Some people suffered casualties. On the 31st, another bloody conflict broke out between troops influenced by the Communist Party and troops loyal to the government in several of the largest military camps in Budapest.
By late January 1919, armed conflicts became more and more frequent in Budapest and various provinces. In order to strengthen control of the army, the government ordered the disarmament of soldiers influenced by the Communist Party. However, by this time it was too late, and the Communist Party
The armed forces have grown so large that the government's attempt failed.
At this time, Bellakun saw an opportunity to seize power and launched an armed uprising on February 28. The Red Guards to which he belonged and the soldiers who were influenced by him used the weapons in their hands to first occupy Mount Galel.
The fort dominates the center of the capital.
Then they disarmed the gendarmes and police and quickly occupied various strategic positions, stations, bridges, post offices and government ministries throughout Budapest.
The rebels also surrounded two regiments of French Moroccan troops stationed in Budapest, immobilizing them in their barracks. In this way, the Hungarian Communist Party captured Budapest.
The telegram Edel saw was sent back by the Romanian intelligence organization in Hungary.
Edel looked at the telegram, but in his heart he was concerned about the reaction of the Allied Powers. If they insisted on intervening on their own, what should he do?
After Edel thought for a long time and had no idea, he ordered the guards: "Call General Pule Shan here, there is something important to do."
Looking at the attendants leaving, Edel thought about the disarmament report he had just made some time ago and couldn't help but laugh. Presumably Preshan would be furious at the Hungarians' actions.
But what benefits can Romania get from this this time?
Edel looked back and forth along the Tisza River on the map, and simply asked the Allies to confirm that the territory belonged to Romania. Edel was still a little worried about the delay in negotiating the division of Hungarian territory.
