In the winter of 1922, not much happened around the world.
If we insist on saying that, then the establishment of the Soviet Union can also be counted. The Soviet republics under the control of Soviet Russia established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics at the end of December, and the name of the Soviet Union finally appeared in front of the world.
The establishment of the Soviet Union can also be seen as a change in Lenin and others giving up the world revolution and focusing on building a socialist country, because the person responsible for forming the Soviet Union was Stalin.
As one of the most famous figures in World War II, Stalin's temperament has been thoroughly studied by later generations, and Edel certainly knew the character of this 'loving father'.
The two things that attract the most attention to this 'loving father' are the industrialization of Soviet Russia and the Great Purge. Of course, from the perspective of future generations, we can comment on its role unscrupulously, but few people can put themselves in his shoes.
Consider the issue from your position.
As the only communist country that was hostile, the Soviet Union faced threats from all directions. At this time, the Soviet Union urgently needed to strengthen its national power, and rapid industrialization was their only option. However, according to the temper of the Russians, this goal would be very difficult if a death order was not issued.
It is difficult to achieve (compare the growth in the era of Khrushchev and Brezhnev). Therefore, someone must wave a whip behind them to drive them forward.
The result of forceful driving will certainly make people feel dissatisfied, which is okay in the short term, but no one can bear it in the long term. Therefore, at the 17th Congress in 1931, Stalin lost the election, and his name was checked when a secret vote was held.
The number of losses exceeded that of anyone else. The defeat of a general secretary is a very important event. This also shows how many people are complaining about rapid industrialization.
Facing the huge dissatisfaction within the party, Stalin had to either step down or fight back. Of course, according to his tough character, he had to fight back. After the final decision to increase the number of Central Committee members and fill up the number of Central Committee members, the purge became inevitable.
One of the essences of the Great Purge was to allow these officials to continue to complete the industrialization of Soviet Russia. Especially at that time, the situation in the countries surrounding Soviet Russia was extremely deteriorating, and it was necessary to make Soviet Russia stronger. Of course, ensuring his rule was also one of them. (
But to be fair, without such a tough leader as Stalin, it’s hard to say whether the Soviet Union could have survived World War II)
As for the news of the establishment of the Soviet Union, Edel only took one look and put it down. This is Romania's main threat in the future, but he really has no way to deal with it at the moment. It is better to pay attention to Romania. Forging iron requires oneself to be tough.
According to Romania’s latest statistics, Romania’s GDP reached a total of 32.76 billion lei in 1922. Among them, industrial output value was 18.47 billion lei and agricultural output value was 9.64 billion lei. Now it can be said responsibly that Romania has entered the industrialization stage.
era.
Moreover, this value (USD 6.324 billion) is already higher than Italy (USD 5.641 billion), ranking behind Britain, France, Germany and the Soviet Union, and can be regarded as one of the top five economic powers in Europe.
Moreover, Romania has a better advantage than Italy, that is, the vast plain terrain, which has allowed Romania to maintain one of the top grain exports in Europe. After rapid development during the war, Romania's grain processing industry and food industry are very competitive in Europe.
Romania's traditional strong export items, automobiles and petrochemical products, have also consolidated its position. It is worth mentioning that relying on the large number of potassium salt mines in the Carpathian Mountains, Romania's fertilizer exports have also grown.
Several large fertilizer plants in Transylvania not only provide fertilizers for domestic use, but also export to various surrounding countries, especially Poland with the largest export volume.
Relying on Romania's strong economic growth, government revenue has also increased significantly. Currently, the central fiscal revenue this year has reached 3.67 billion lei, an increase of 5.7% over the previous year.
However, the growth in revenue is still not as fast as the expenditure. The listed fiscal expenditure for the next year will reach 4.38 billion lei. The largest expenditure is the expenditure on the new territory. Of course, these funds are not listed separately, but are blended in various
within the department’s budget.
The education budget still undoubtedly occupies the top spot, with an expenditure of 543 million lei still arrogant. And among these funds, many are used to open Romanian schools in new territories. Because the Ministry of Education is considering compulsory
According to the requirements, Romanian language and writing must be taught in schools at all levels. Of course, other languages and writing can also be taught, but there are minimum duration requirements for Romanian language and writing.
In addition, they also want to increase the score of Romanian Latin in the exam to lure students and parents to study. According to the latest considerations, they plan to increase the score of Romanian to 150 points (all other subjects are 100 points)
).
It can be seen that the Ministry of Education has also worked hard to integrate Romanian citizens.
This is closely followed by the government’s public expenditure of 417 million lei. The reason why this ratio is so high is also because it deals with many things in the new territory, such as mediating disputes between ethnic groups. There is also the need to give local governments some powers to help
They quickly solve problems that arise. And where does power come from? In addition to promoting officials, control of government funds is also one of them.
However, Prime Minister Karaturi is already planning to take back this power. Therefore, by then, government public expenditure will also be reduced rapidly.
In addition to the unexpected emergence of government public expenditures, the next step is transportation construction expenditures. Its expenditure of 379 million lei has still become the top priority of government expenditures. The reason for this is not only the expansion of road construction in new territories, but also the renovation of other roads.
At present, the Ministry of Construction is promoting the division of roads at all levels, including national roads, provincial levels, municipal levels, and even village levels. Among them, intermediate-level roads need to have two-way four-lanes, and the roads must be paved with asphalt to facilitate car driving. Provincial-level roads also need to have two-way four-lane roads.
It’s almost the same, except that the requirements for paved roads are a little lower, and municipal roads are even lower, up to village-level dirt roads.
The next step is the expenditure on military expenses, and its expenditure of 342 million lei is definitely not low. Because Romania is currently laying off some military personnel. Yes, the three-regiment reform presided over by General Freit is unfolding vigorously.
Many officers and soldiers were chosen to retire.
According to Freit's plan, Romania will reduce the total number of military personnel to 310,000, of which the army will remain at about 250,000. Currently, 2 of the 26 army divisions need to be abolished, leaving only a few division-level troops.
In addition to maintaining full strength, other divisions need to have an infantry regiment.
The navy has expanded to 60,000 people on the basis of the current number of less than 40,000 people, because they will usher in great development. As a reflection of their great development, among their military expenditures, the navy can receive 103 million lei.
.This can be said to be the largest sum the Navy has ever received, and starting from this year, the Navy’s funding will also increase year by year.
For this reason, Navy Minister Lieutenant General Lomodan and Fleet Commander Lieutenant General Nestaku have formulated an ambitious shipbuilding plan. They plan to build five destroyers and three light cruisers within five years.
, plans for a heavy cruiser.
In order for the Army to calm down its anger over the huge increase in Navy funding, Edel assured Freit that it would not cut Army funding, and at the same time increase funding for the Army at an annual rate of no less than 3%.
In addition, it is worth mentioning that Romania currently has a social security and employment expenditure. However, its current proportion is not large, currently less than 30 million lei. However, I believe that as time goes by
, and its proportion is also getting larger and larger.
