If Italy was in good shape when Eder pointed out Libyan oil and still had room to expand its armaments, then Germany in 1930 was in mourning.
With the implementation of the Dawes Plan, a large amount of American capital was invested in Germany. Between 1924 and 1929, Britain, the United States and other countries provided Germany with loans of up to 32.6 billion marks, 70% of which were provided by the United States.
The outbreak of the economic crisis caused the United States to withdraw its investment in Germany one after another. As a result, the economy, which had been improving, entered a state of paralysis as the United States withdrew its investment.
During the economic crisis, its industrial production plummeted. From 1929 to 1932, coal production fell by 32.7%, pig iron production fell by 70.3%, steel production fell by 64.9%, machine manufacturing output fell by 62.1%, and power generation fell by 23.4%. Gross industrial production
It dropped by about 40%, the production of means of production dropped by 53%, the production of consumer goods dropped by 25.3%, the total exports dropped by 69.1%, the total imports dropped by 70.8%, and the treasury gold reserves dropped sharply by 4/5.
At the same time, working hours have been reduced by about 47% on average, and working hours in the construction industry have been reduced by about 66%. The number of employees in various industries has been greatly reduced, among which employees in the steel, machinery and electric power industries have decreased by about 64%, and employees in the hard coal mining industry have decreased by about 64%.
Reduced by approximately 47%.
The economic crisis had a disastrous impact on the lives of the working class. The number of unemployed people increased rapidly. In September 1929, the number of unemployed people was 1.3 million, which reached 3 million a year later. In September 1931, it rose to 4.35 million.
In addition to millions of people doing part-time work, the number of unemployed people has reached 8 million. Unemployment benefits fluctuate between 16.44 marks (big cities) and 13.14 marks (small cities) per week. Only 82% of unemployed registered people can receive unemployment benefits.
This money is completely insufficient to solve the problem of food and clothing.
The economic crisis also hit the urban and rural petty bourgeoisie quite hard. During the economic crisis, the economic status of urban small industrialists, small business owners and handicraftsmen was unstable. Many factories closed down and a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises went bankrupt.
According to German official statistics, the total number of factory closures rose from 10,595 to 19,254 from 1928 to 1931, almost doubling. During the same period, the total number of combined factories rose from 3,147 to 8,628, almost tripling. Among them, individual
The situation of merchants was very embarrassing. In 1931, 6,664 stores closed down and 3,581 were forced to merge.
Millions of people lost their jobs and the German economy was in trouble. Mainly because the Weimar government was helpless about the economy that was on the verge of collapse, which disappointed many people.
At this time, Hitler's Communist Workers' Party took this opportunity to shout, "Let every household in Germany have milk and bread on the table." Such an inspiring slogan naturally gave it enough supporters.
In the 1930 parliamentary election, the German Workers' Party, represented by Hitler, won a total of more than 6.4 million votes, and the number of the Democratic Party in Congress actually reached 1/4. You must know that in the previous
In the 1928 parliamentary election, the Communist German Workers' Party only received 810,000 votes. Such rapid growth surprised everyone.
When the news about the results of the congressional election reached the Brown House, the headquarters of the Democratic Party, which was just built recently, almost everyone cheered for it. The only person who did not cheer for it was its leader Hitler.
"Leader, what's wrong with you?"
His admirer Hess was the first to discover Hitler's abnormality. He quickly walked over and asked, "Leader, what's wrong with you?"
"The results of this election are very unexpected. I didn't expect so many people to support us. It seems that we are not far away from taking power."
Hess was deeply impressed to see Hitler still thinking about the future after hearing such excellent election results.
Hitler continued, "However, our party cannot be in power just by relying on the popular vote. Next, we need to win over the factory owners and the Junkers to gain real power."
It can be seen that Hitler had a clear idea of how to take charge of Germany and knew what to do to pave the way for him. The anomaly of the two people soon attracted the attention of others. The fat man Goering pulled Hitler up
Said. "Leader, you can't miss today's carnival."
Goering's words also aroused the approval of others, and Röhm, Goebbels, Himmler and others also spoke one after another.
"Yes, leader. You can't be absent."
Hitler did not expect that this election would get so many votes. That was because he underestimated the losses suffered by the petty bourgeoisie in this economic crisis. In the eyes of ordinary people, German industry is mainly composed of industrial monopoly companies. Yes, these
Enterprises play a huge role in heavy industry. Moltke, Krupp, Farben Chemical and other enterprises are among the best.
However, although it has a monopoly in heavy industry, it cannot do so in light industry. Although monopoly organizations have also appeared in light industry and food processing sectors, they are mainly lower-level monopolies that maintain independence in production and are united by small and medium-sized enterprises.
form cartel.
In the textile, food processing, papermaking, leather and other sectors, there have always been a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises, including early capitalist handicrafts, traditional industries, and peasant cottage industries.
According to statistics, between 1882 and 1895, the number of large enterprises (more than 50 employees) in the German food processing industry increased from 1,125 to 1,826, and the number of employees increased from 148,512 to 246,490. Small and medium-sized enterprises (small enterprises with no more than 5 employees) increased from
The number of households increased from 244,161 to 268,145, and the number of employees increased from 595,369 to 775,000.
In the German countryside, agricultural capitalism developed slowly due to German roads. While there were large estates owned by Juncker landlords, there also existed a large number of middle- and small-scale peasant economies. According to statistics in 1925, there were 100 small-scale peasant estates operating less than 20 hectares of land.
3,046,302, accounting for 47.2% of the total agricultural operating area.
There are 199,825 large farm estates operating 20 to 100 hectares of land, accounting for 26.4% of the total agricultural operating area. There are 18,671 large Junker landowner estates operating more than 100 hectares of land, accounting for 20.2% of the total agricultural operating area.
The arrival of the economic crisis also dealt a heavy blow to the urban and rural petty bourgeoisie. During the economic crisis, the economic status of urban small industrialists, small business owners and handicraftsmen was unstable. Many factories closed down and a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises went bankrupt.
According to German official statistics, the total number of annual factory closures increased from 10,595 to 17,254 from 1928 to 1930, an increase of seven levels. During the same period, the annual combined number of factories increased from 3,147 to 8,628, an increase of almost 2 times. Among them, individual traders
The situation was very embarrassing. In 1930, 5,172 stores closed down and 2,781 were forced to merge.
At a time when the petty bourgeoisie's economic and social status was seriously threatened, they were disappointed with the republic and were gradually breaking away from traditional bourgeois parties to find a way out. The propaganda slogans of the German Workers' Party just attracted these people.
That's why this election made Hitler's Workers' Party suddenly become one of the major political parties in Germany. Since it has such an obvious effect, it would be a crime for Hitler not to seize such an opportunity.
