Promoting the camp system was an idea that Li Laiheng had already decided on when he implemented the method of sharing grain with tenants in Suizhou. The idea of sharing grain with tenants was only a transitional method, and the camp system was the more ideal new method for breaking into the army in Li Laiheng's mind.
system.
Sun Kewang has used history to powerfully prove the power of the business system, and Li Laiheng's foundation, environment and conditions are or will soon be better than Sun Kewang's. Even if he does not have Sun Kewang's extraordinary business talent, it will be difficult to stop Li Laiheng from wanting to do so.
Copy the idea of Saiying Miracle.
The Daxi Army entered Yunnan with more than 10,000 elite troops, and within four years it created a rock-solid Yunnan-Guizhou anti-Qing base and more than 100,000 elite troops.
Although Li Laiheng's current strength is not comparable to that of the Great Western Army during the invasion of Yunnan, he still has a basic army of at least 5,000 people.
What's more, according to the news sent by Kendeji from time to time, its strength seems to have swelled to about 50,000 or 60,000 soldiers during the second siege of Kaifeng. Li Laiheng can still pass through the mother body of the Central Plains Army at any time.
The personnel and cadres have been fully supplemented. The Huguang Breaking Army has such an inexhaustible source of resources in a short period of time, which will naturally make the young tiger commander have the ambition to compete with Sun Kewang.
This time Li Laiheng personally introduced all the contents of the camp system to Fang Yiren and others. After Bai Wang sat back down, he slowly said: "If I allow the gentry's land to be occupied by the people, it will indeed incite anger."
A large-scale rebellion arose. Although the earthworms lost their water, the dragons went to the sea, and the gentry lost their fields over time, their local influence and strength would gradually be reduced. However, we cannot afford the large-scale gentry in a short period of time.
There is a danger of swarms flying flags."
"After discussing with Lao Bai, I came up with the idea that the landowners should be ignored, and the Chuang army should directly send people to survey the fields and deliver the grain to the tenants and farmers on the spot. If there is an owner of the land, after the Chuang army has collected the grain
, and then allocate part of the grain we collected to the landowners as their land rent."
Bai Wang also helped to explain: "Three years of exemption from taxes is the banner of the army. It is well known to everyone in the world that we cannot move lightly. If we follow the method of the commander, we can divide the land and rent it into the tax levy, and the original land will be transferred to the tax levy.
Part of the land rent received by the Lord was used as the income of the army."
Fang Yiren's eyes lit up and he asked: "The tenants have paid their rent and the landlords have paid their grains. This is the ancient law. The master's law is equivalent to the tenants from now on directly handing over the military grains instead of the landowners' grains. The landowners cannot directly pay the tenants
levy rent, but can only indirectly benefit from the invading army?"
"That's right." Li Laiheng replied, "Although the interests of the gentry have been damaged in the new land system, they can also avoid all kinds of disputes about rent collection from tenant farmers. They only need to sit at home and wait for the army to issue them.
Just make the profit."
Bai Wang also put forward a new principle based on Fang Yiren's principle that "the tenants have paid their rent, and the owners have paid their grains."
After the grain supply was finished, the government was notorious for heavy taxes and excessive taxation, but in fact the majority of the land output fell into the hands of the gentry landowners. Most of the gentry landowners were local powerful people who had enough leverage to compete with the government and defaulted on grain arrears.
There is nothing you can do about the tax."
"The new law of Jieshuai changed the big rent and small tax, and the tax was rented out, and the tenants paid the rent. When the owner finished the grain, he became a big tax and small rent, the rent was paid according to the tax, and the tenant paid the grain. If there is no change, he will be exempt from tax for three years.
Under the slogan, by seizing the land rent from the gentry and landowners, it is mine, so that the army can have food and pay."
The farming system itself safeguarded the landlord's private land rights, but by dividing land ownership (i.e., farm bones), land management rights, and production rights (field skins), it also forcibly interfered with, restricted, and partially deprived landlords of their land private rights.
.
What Li Laiheng and Bai Wang did not mention is that it actually includes super-economic exploitation.
Economic exploitation relies on the means of production. For example, the gentry owns land, rents the land, the means of production, to tenant farmers for farming, and then collects land rent. This is economic exploitation.
Super-economic exploitation is exploitation based on the right to manage and dominate social public resources. Super-economic exploitation is mainly reflected in the small scope of personal infringement of tenants. For example, when collecting land rent, tenants are asked to bear the land rent themselves.
The cost of transportation to the landowners is typically reflected in a large scale, as generals in the late Ming Dynasty often used military households in their guard stations as domestic slaves.
In the camp system, the third-party role of the invading army replaced the landowner's original land management rights, so that the gentry could only sit at home and wait for the invading army personnel to collect the land rent and then distribute money to him from the land rent. Naturally, there was no
This creates convenient conditions for extra-economic exploitation based on land rent relations.
If you think about it more sinisterly...the extra profits from this kind of super-economic exploitation actually fell into Li Laiheng's pocket invisibly.
In short, the camp system was to protect some of the basic rights and interests of landowners, while minimizing their original economic rights and assigning all of these economic rights to administrative managers.
This is to give the gentry a way out, so that they will not fight to the death with Li Laiheng, but it is also necessary to boil the frog in warm water and slowly separate them from the countryside and the local area, so that they will lose the social relations and township against the invading army in the future.
energy.
The soft knife method of killing people.
Fang Yiren quickly accepted the idea of a camp system. He was greatly in awe of Li Laiheng's genius ideas, and was even surprised when his palace master had such far-sighted ideas.
"The plan of the Palace Master is indeed perfect. Once the new law is implemented, the fields will become unprofitable. Even if mergers are not specifically suppressed, wealthy households will no longer spend all their money to purchase land, and the price of land and grain will decrease."
Significant decrease." Fang Yiren nodded repeatedly and agreed with the camp method.
After the implementation of the camp system, the rate of return from land will inevitably be greatly reduced. As the gentry landlords, they can neither manage the land nor obtain the land rent income from the profit sharing from the invaders, nor can they use the money to return to the land.
To buy unprofitable fields, what else can they do?
I'm afraid I can only invest the money I have in the industrial and commercial industries.
As long as Li Laiheng guides this investment and attracts property owners, gentry, and landowners to invest the land rent income after profit sharing into profitable industries such as water conservancy, forging, and mineral development, it will not be difficult to achieve the prosperity of all industries.
In fact, when the feudal economy in ancient China was highly prosperous, the biggest constraint limiting the development of industry and commerce was the stable and high return rate of land, which made officials, gentry, and wealthy households always spend all the money they earned through various channels.
Invested in the purchase of land. As a result, land annexation has become more serious, land prices, and food prices have continued to rise, while overall social and economic production has not received capital investment and cannot achieve an upward leap.
If we understand it simply and crudely, we can regard the camp system as replacing landlords with professional managers sent by the army to manage and operate. After the landlords lost their rights to set rent ratios and engage in super-economic exploitation, they retained
The dividend income obtained from holding the fields as shares.
The new managers sent out by the Chuang Army were professional managers, and the landowners became pure shareholders who could only receive dividends but could not interfere with management. Naturally, they would not continue to invest in unprofitable land transactions after receiving dividends.
, and are more likely to turn to other industrial and commercial industries.
This forms a closed-loop chain that protects the rights and interests of small farmers, expands the administrative power of the government, preserves the livelihood of landlords, and gives them the possibility of investing in industry to turn themselves around.
Sun Kewang was indeed a very brilliant businessman and manager in the late Ming Dynasty, even from a global perspective. The camp system that supported the Great Western Army and the later Nanming regime has been too neglected.
It can't be said to be unwise.
"clever!"
Bai Wang had praised him like this before, and now Fang Yiren also gave him the same praise.
Li Laiheng inevitably felt a little conceited in his heart, but now he could finally control himself and understand that the people who admired him were actually admiring the correct answers that came out of the waves of history in later generations.
He then asked Zhang Pihu to get pen and ink and write down four levels of official names on white paper: Du Ying Tian Envoy, Ying Tian Envoy, Zhuang Envoy, Zhuang Si.
"From now on, Bai Wang will be appointed as Du Ying Tian, taking charge of all affairs of the camp reform. The prefectures controlled by the Chuang Army will have camp envoys at the state level, and the village envoys will be appointed at the county level. Townships, markets, and village markets
, every village has a village secretary, who manages the division of acres into farms, and the collection of grain and fields."
"We can roughly divide the fields under the jurisdiction of the Chuang Army into three types of treatment. The first is the farmland of the clan, vassal kings, guards, and temples. They are all directly confiscated, and the camp envoys at all levels recruit refugees for farming;
This is the land owned by the gentry landowners, which is managed by the Zhuangsi, leaving the original tenant farmers to cultivate it, and the land rent is divided between the Chuang army and the landowners; the third is private land owned by the owner-cultivators, and is generally exempted from taxes."
These positions are all Li Laiheng's official names from the Tang Dynasty. Yingtian envoys and Zhuang envoys are still above the county level, floating above the grassroots level. However, if the Yingtian system is to be truly implemented, the administrative energy of the Chuang army will be directly
It is applied to the field cultivation level, and the most important thing is to penetrate into the village level.
In the experiment of sharing grain with tenants in Suizhou, Bai Wang has trained a group of cadres who can serve as village chiefs. However, compared with the current jurisdiction of Li Laiheng, the manpower is still far insufficient. There is no way to do this. Huguang Chuang
The army has expanded from one state to nearly two prefectures so quickly, so we can only speed up training to adapt to the development of the situation.
There will always be no shortage of officials in the world, but Li Laiheng still lacks reliable people as "officials".
Bai Wang then introduced: "At the beginning of the new law and restructuring, in order to prevent the gentry from still revolting and causing rebellion, we will inevitably increase the army and suppress everywhere. I think in addition to dividing the fields in each prefecture and county among the camp field envoys, village envoys, and village chiefs for management,
The troops should also be deployed to various places as soon as possible, so that they can live and eat there, and the families of the old battalion leaders should also be accommodated there, so that the suppression can be effective."
The "sit-and-eat order" mentioned by Bai Wang was also an important decree that Sun Kewang later implemented. That is, the army was stationed in local areas to suppress the resistance of the gentry, and the army directly obtained profit sharing from local fiscal revenue to form a system.
The positive feedback of this kind of incentive makes each army more active in suppressing unrest, and also maintains good military discipline in order to ensure a higher share of profits.
Li Laiheng wanted to distribute the family members of the old camp to various places together, so as to increase the intimacy between the Chuang army and the people of Huguang, so that the two sides would gradually become one.