Shang Kexi's expression became even weirder. He sighed several times, not knowing whether he was remembering those past events, but in the end he just smiled at Kang Dahai and nodded twice.
The Jianzhou people were a small tribe. If they had relied solely on their own people to conquer the world, the tree on Huang Taiji's grave would have been three feet tall. A key step in the transformation of the Later Jin regime into the Qing regime was Huang Taiji's impact on the Manchu people.
Construct.
Manchus are not equal to Jianzhou people, nor are they equal to Jurchens.
Huang Taiji used the military organization method of the Eight Banners to directly rule all direct forces, regardless of nationality, whether Jurchens, Mongols, Hans, Koreans, Saurons...all mixed
For a new nation.
This is similar to the discrete tribes of Tuoba Gui, Emperor Tuoba Tao of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Temujin, Genghis Khan.
However, the discrete tribes broke the blood barriers among the tribes within the grassland peoples and unified the power of the direct lineage; Huang Taiji's construction of the Manchu nation broke the barriers between the various ethnic groups other than the Jurchens and further expanded the foundation and strength of the direct lineage.
This point is similar to Shi Le.
The Jie tribe is a very weak nation. When Shi Le first started his army, not only did he not have people with the same surname under his command, but there were also not many tribesmen. The basic troops for Shi Le's rise came from the Qiangqu (Kangju) tribe and the Wuwan Zhangfulidu tribe. On the contrary,
There are not many Jie people.
Therefore, Shi Le rarely advocated the Jie tribe, but advocated the unity of the "Hu people". He replaced the concept of the Jie tribe with a small number of people with the concept of the Hu tribe. He even recruited a large number of Han people to join the group, which actually formed a
A group based on regional connections between states.
For example, Situ Shipu of Later Zhao was the great-grandson of Shi Bao, a famous general of the Three Kingdoms. He was a Han Chinese who was well-read in poetry and literature. But Shi Le regarded Shi Pu as a clan member of Later Zhao, which was the same as Huang Taiji's absorption of Mongolia, Han, and North Korea.
Just like when people from other ethnic groups join the Eight Banners, it is a clever design to expand the basis of rule.
Shi Le created a political identity by "calling Hu a countryman". After the merger, he relied on this regional tie to create a new regional identity, and built a strong and solid political power through multiple identities.
The same was actually true for Li Keyong, a Shatuo person who later established multiple dynasties in the Five Dynasties. The Shatuo people alone were not enough to establish a strong political power.
Therefore, Li Keyong's ruling group, like Shi Le, transcended the pure ethnic category and absorbed people from various ethnic groups in Daibei to join, forming the Daibei Group bound by geography.
The Daibei group also includes three components, namely the three Shatuo tribes, the five tribes and the Daibei Han people.
The three brothers Li Kexiu, Li Kegong and Li Kening, Yang Guangyuan's father Adenchu, Liu Zhiyuan's father Liu Jun and Guo Shaogu are all from Shatuo, Kang Yicheng is from Daibei Tribe, and An Huaisheng is from Shatuo Tribe.
The so-called "people of the five tribes" or "people of the five tribes" sometimes refer to the three tribes of Shatuo and the five tribes of Qibi and Tuyuhun. But in most cases, "people of the five tribes" or "people of the five tribes"
"People" is a general term for the Fanhu tribe in Daibei area.
Needless to say, the Han people in Daibei, Daibei, Bingzhou in the Western Jin Dynasty, and Liaodong in the late Ming Dynasty were all areas where Han and Tibetan people lived together.
It should be said that Shi Le, Li Keyong and Huang Taiji saw the shortcomings of the small number and weak strength of their own nation, so they transcended the national category and established a new basis for governance based on regional ties and identity. This is a very progressive approach.
practice.
However, in the later years of Shi Le's life in Hou Zhao, due to the strong ethnic discrimination by the Jie tribe's powerful people and their extremely cruel treatment of other Hu ethnic groups and Han people, the ruling group that used the Bingzhou region as its link and identity completely collapsed.
The cruelty of the Jie people resulted in even greater counterattacks from other oppressed ethnic groups, causing an unprecedented and tragic turmoil in the north, and also caused the Jie people themselves to completely disappear on the stage of history.
Li Keyong is better. Although there are scum like Shi Jingtang among the Shatuo people, most of them have gradually given up their ethnic discrimination, accepted the culture and civilization of the Han people, and fully integrated into the Central Plains.
As a result, although the Shatuo people also died out like the Jie people, Li Keyong and Li Cunxu and their sons left a good reputation in history as the origins of many dynasties such as the Later Tang, the Later Jin, the Later Han, the Later Zhou and the Northern Song Dynasty.
After all, most of the Shatuo people also avoided the massacre of the Jie tribe.
It would undoubtedly be a great blessing if Manchuria could be completely integrated into China like Shatuo.
If Huang Taiji had been alive, he might have done what Li Keyong did, allowing the Manchus to be fully integrated into the Central Plains early like the Shatuo people. Of course, it is also possible that like Shi Le, his temperament changed drastically in his later years, and he completely lost control of the political situation, eventually leading to various
An unprecedented brutal vendetta between ethnic groups.
However, Huang Taiji died early after all, and the Manchu captain and helmsman left prematurely. This military group, which originally had a regional identity in Liaodong, has developed unstoppably towards a complete and brutal national oppression and discrimination group.
Therefore, the true national integration no longer exists, and what remains are only tragic massacres, brutal oppression, and ethnic discrimination without fairness and justice.
It was not until hundreds of years later, when all the ethnic groups living in China were invaded by a new type of outsider, that the Manchus finally integrated into China amidst such drastic changes that had not been seen in three thousand years.
Without the restraint of Huang Taiji, Dorgon could not control the arrogance, brutality, cruelty and discrimination of these Eight Banners nobles - even Dorgon himself, although he vigorously wooed Wu Sangui and King Sanshun in order to deal with Li Laiheng, but in practice
In terms of specific measures, there is still a high degree of discrimination against other armies that are not truly Manchurian.
The battle has not yet begun, but the gloomy atmosphere in the Qing army's positions, especially those of the Han soldiers digging trenches at the front, and their low morale were easily discovered by the keen Shun army Ye Bushou.
Surrounding the bonfire, Li Laiheng, many officials and generals of the Shun Army breathed a sigh of relief.
Li Laiheng threw a small dry straw into the fire. With a beep, the flames completely engulfed the dry straw and turned it into a ball of soot.
"The Qing army is a powerful enemy... the most powerful enemy that the Dashun army has ever encountered." Li Laiheng said.
"But there are only about 40,000 to 50,000 Manchus who can truly be called Dorgon's old soldiers. Some of them are left in Taiyuan, and some are in Taishan. How many Manchus are left in Dorgon's hands?
Capital? Are there 30,000 people?
As the main force of the Qing army, it is absolutely no problem for the Han soldiers to fight against the wind, and their combat effectiveness may be stronger than that of many soldiers in the Dashun Army. But fighting against the wind and fighting a head-to-head decisive battle to the death, they will definitely not be able to do so."
Li Laiheng stood up from the bonfire. He suddenly felt the chill brought by the dew in the early morning. He shook his cloak away and rolled it around himself.
"We send out troops! This battle... the Dashun Army will definitely win!"
There were no roosters crowing on the battlefield, but the whiteness of the East had appeared in everyone's eyes.
Was the conquest of the Manchus and the establishment of the Qing Dynasty really a great integration of ethnic groups?
If Huang Taiji is willing to completely abandon the policy of ethnic discrimination like Li Keyong and Li Cunxu, then the Chinese will not reject the rule of a fraternal nation.
Shun came from the Eastern Yi, and Yu came from the Western Qiang. Chinese people will never reject wise rule just because of their ethnic differences.
What are we rejecting?
It is brutal killing, severe oppression, unfair discrimination and arrogance.
Even the same nation, like Zhu Youjian, is destined to be destroyed when he implements policies of killing, oppression and discrimination against the people.
If the Manchus completely abandon the policy of ethnic discrimination, then the struggle between the Dashun Army and the Qing Army will be just like the struggle between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu in history, just like the struggle between Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan in history. Each side can become praised by history.
hero.
But……
They cannot give up their methods of ethnic discrimination and oppression.
Then Li Laiheng had no choice. Since the Manchus were unwilling to actively integrate into the big family of the Chinese nation, Li Laiheng could only choose -
Help them integrate passively.
"The war begins."
===
There are so many criticisms just to explain the author's philosophy. The author is not opposed to ethnic integration, nor is he opposed to ethnic minorities governing the country. What the author is opposed to is ethnic oppression and discrimination. It is obvious that a dynasty is crazy about ethnic oppression and discrimination.
It is hindering national integration, which is of course completely reactionary.
So the question is, who destroyed the peaceful coexistence and turned on the switch of hatred? The master who never forgets the past is the master of the future.