The Tumut tribe is a Mongolian tribe with a long history. It was born in the forest on the shores of Lake Baikal. In historical records, it is called the "Tumat tribe" as the "people in the forest". During the Great Mongol Empire, it was ordered to guard the twelve passes of the Altai Mountains.
, known as the "Twelve Tumotes"; began to migrate to the fertile lands of Yinshan and Tumochuan in the 15th century, and became the Mongolian right-wing Tumote tens of thousands during the Dayan Khan period.
In the early days of the rise of Mongolia, Genghis Khan sent his eldest son Shuchi to regain the people in the forest, and ordered his general Huoerchi to lead the Tumat tribe. Due to the needs of the Mongol Empire, some Tumat people participated in the Mongolian cavalry's conquest of Eurasia.
During the Western Expedition and the war against the Jin Dynasty, he participated in the rule of the conquered areas and stayed in other places.
Other Tumati people gradually migrated away from the Lake Baikal area and entered the Altai and surrounding grassland areas to engage in animal husbandry. Some of the Tumati people were sent to garrison at the twelve passes of the Altai Mountains. Finally, these Tumati people gradually became nomadic.
When they came to the Hetao area, they were divided into twelve Otok resident herders, known in history as the Twelve Tumut.
After Dayan Khan reunified the various ministries in Eastern Mongolia, he enfeoffed the 60,000 households on the left and 50,000 households on the right, excluding the Wuliangha households, to his descendants. Among them, the Tumote section on the right was granted to the four
Son Arsubroth.
Since the late Ming Dynasty, due to the war between the Chahar tribe led by Lindan Khan, the last great Khan of Mongolia, and the Hou Jin Dynasty, part of the Tumote tribe stayed in the Tumochuan area outside Datong, and part of it moved eastward to the Liaodong area, so there were East and West Tumote tribes.
The name of Mert.
In the sixth year of Tiancong, Huang Taiji mobilized Qing troops and the four eastern Mongolian tribes, the Ulat tribe, and the Maoming'an tribe to conquer Xuanhua. The Lindan Khan tribe and the Xitumut tribe outside Datong were defeated and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty.
After that, Huang Taiji organized the Xitumut tribe into two banners, the left and right banners, and established officials such as the capital commander, deputy commander, counselor, and assistant leader to govern the banners.
The Dongtumote tribe had defected to Huang Taiji very early because they were afraid of Lin Dan Khan's power. In the fourth year of Tiancong, the Dongtumote tribe followed Huang Taiji's order and led their respective tribes to move eastward to the outside of Jinzhou.
Therefore, those occupying the Hetao area at this time were the Tumut left and right wing banners that originally belonged to the Qing army.
However, since the Battle of Xuzhou last year, the power of the Eight Banners of the Manchu and Qing Dynasties has suffered a heavy blow in the pass, and various vassal forces that were originally attached to the Manchu and Qing Dynasties have also rebelled against the Qing army.
Within the pass, various rebel kings headed by Sun Sangui and Kong Youde were looking for other ways out. In the area outside the Great Wall, there were Mongolian forces like the Tumut Left and Right Banners, and even the Sauron tribes as far away as Heilongjiang began to seek
Independence, away from the control of the Qing army.
Almost all the princes and clansmen in the Qing army who were good at fighting died in the pass. Daishan was old and weak, and the Manchu soldiers on hand were also exhausted in the pass. After he led the remnants of the Qing army to retreat to Shengjing, at the end of last year and in the early spring of the second year of Guangzhong
, due to the famine in Liaodong, there were several internal turmoils caused by Han people and Baoyi uprisings, and its strength was once again significantly weakened.
Until now, when Li Laiheng sent troops in two directions, to search for traps and attack the Tumote tribe that had regained independence, and to confront Sun Kewang all the way south, the Qing army was completely unable to send troops to intervene.
According to the estimates of the Military Council, it is likely that the Qing army could mobilize only less than 50,000 combat troops at this time.
Decades of hard work by Nurhaci and Huang Taiji were completely in vain. After decades of struggle and expansion, the Manchus' power today has regressed back to the era before Sarhu, and is even worse!
Not long ago, Ma Chongxi, the governor of Hebei Province, had submitted the credentials sent by Dai Shan to Tianbao Mansion. In the credentials, the Manchus had claimed to cut off the imperial title and reign title, abandon the title of the Qing Dynasty, and rename it Jian.
In Zhou Kingdom, Emperor Zhaohe Fulin also changed his name to the Lord of Jianzhou Kingdom, and declared that if the superior kingdom was willing to negotiate peace with the Jurchen Kingdom, they would immediately send Ming Emperor Zhu Cihong back to the pass.
Decades of hard work, in the end, was nothing more than going from "Jianzhou" back to Jianzhou. For Nurhaci's ambition, hundreds of thousands of people were sacrificed in Jiannu, but everything came to nothing.
Because Sun Kewang was ready to make a move, he had the entire Sichuan region as his backing, and his manpower and material resources were not elite, but could only be compared to a group of 3,000 horsemen.
Therefore, there is no doubt that Li Laiheng's main focus in the northwest is on Sun Kewang. For the trap hunting operation, he mainly entrusted it to Liu Fangliang. At this stage, the main purpose of the Shun Army's outbound operations is only to "destroy the nest", and
Mainly non-"complex".
"Damaging the nest" is different from "recovering". The "destroying the nest" of the Shun army is a one-time military operation. It only requires the use of capable cavalry to adopt surprise tactics to break through and burn the Mongolian settlements - since the middle of the Ming Dynasty
Since then, with the spread of Tibetan Buddhism on the grasslands, various tribes in Mongolia, especially the Taolu tribes with better agricultural conditions, have long begun to form many fixed settlements centered on temples.
This is the true saying: "You can run away from the monks, but you can't run away from the temple." The Shun army soldiers are mainly from the border areas of northern Shaanxi. They have a lot of experience in getting along with the Mongols, and they are not completely unfamiliar with the Hetao grassland. Tumo
Even if the special forces can avoid the "nest-breaking" attack by the elite cavalry of the shun army, their Buddhist temples and settlements cannot move around like cattle and horses.
Of course, the difficulty of "replying" is much greater than simply "breaking the nest".
The difficulty of "complexing" is not only a military issue, but also an economic issue. Although the agricultural conditions in the Hetao area are better, such as the front and back areas, there are fields suitable for farming, but the former and back areas are separated from the hinterland by Mu Us.
The desert and the vast sea blocked the immigrants, allowing for temporary immigration. Once the captives came back and harassed them, it would be difficult for the Dashun garrison to protect and rescue the immigrants, far away from the desert.
To develop the Hetao area, we must first have long-term and sustained investment, organize population immigration, and official investment before it can be realized.
Political stability, a large remaining population, long-term immigration activities, and no enemy threats... There is no enemy threat in this, it is just the simplest step.
Without decades of long-term investment, it is absolutely impossible to turn the Hetao area into an agricultural area with dense fields.
Of course, Dashun's administrative and organizational capabilities are far better than those of the Manchus. Li Laiheng's abundant material resources are also richer than those of the Shunzhi and Kangxi emperors. In order to shield the ancestral mausoleum, the Dashun regime's demand for restoring the Loop is far greater than that of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
.
"Re-establishment" will be inevitable in the future, and Liu Fangliang's current expedition to the fortress to "destroy the nest" is also the precursor of "re-establishment".
Eastern Mongolia has long been tamed by Huang Taiji, and its power has been greatly weakened. Now that the Qing army has suffered heavy losses in the pass, its dominance over the Mongolian tribes in the grassland has completely collapsed, and the Monan grassland is in an unprecedented chaotic power vacuum.
Midterm.
This gave the Mongolian Junggar tribe in the desert, which had not been attacked by the Manchus, a good opportunity to invade eastward.