Myanmar has not been a unified country since ancient times, but an area where various countries and ethnic groups have conquered each other and risen and fallen in turn.
The earliest Myanmar recorded in history was called the Pyu State. They were not Bamar people, but an extinct ancient nation. After their establishment, they continued to develop and occupy the core areas of Myanmar.
In addition to the Pyu Kingdom, there is the Linyang Kingdom in southeastern Myanmar established by the ancient Mon people. The Mon people are probably related to the Khmer people. They should be the first to believe in Buddhism in Myanmar, and they and the Khmer are probably the first to settle in Southeast Asia.
Politics in Southeast Asia is about building a wall with bricks that come from behind. The earlier you settle, the more likely you are to be brutally conquered by latecomers.
In the north of Myanmar, there is the Shan State established by the ancient Dai people. It was a satellite state of the Eastern Han Dynasty. There was a Qin Huanren (possibly a magician from Rome) who came by sea and was captured by the country and presented as a tribute to the Eastern Han Dynasty court. Zhuge Liangnan
During the war, the country was once affected.
In addition to these three main countries, there are many small countries and tribes among them, waiting for people to conquer and eliminate them.
Around the eighth to ninth centuries, the separatist regime of Nanzhao in Yunnan, China, rose up and began to send troops to Burma. After several conquests, it completely wiped out the most powerful Pyu state in Burma, robbed its wealth, captured its women, and destroyed its city walls.
Later, he withdrew to Yunnan, and the Piao Kingdom ceased to exist.
Then, a group of horseback riding barbarians who didn’t know where they came from called themselves the Burmese. They rode without saddles and liked to eat dairy products. They were very different from all the original farming peoples in Burma. After this Burmese people came, they quickly filled the Pyu Kingdom.
After the destruction, they began to conquer everywhere and create a new history of their own.
The ancestors of the Burmese people are a Western Qiang nomadic tribe that came south from the Qinghai area in Longxi and from the Sichuan-Tibet border area to Southeast Asia.
After the Burmese settled in the old land of Pyu, they established the Bagan dynasty, which then gradually rose. The cultural and military levels of the countries in Burma were relatively backward. No matter how they were the opponents of these horse-riding barbarians who came out of the Shura field in northwest China, the result would be disastrous.
You know it after thinking about it.
From this perspective, the ancestors of the Burmese people are actually similar to the Sun Kewang Group.
Didn't Sun Kewang also fight his way out of the hell on earth in northwest China and enter Myanmar after passing through the Sichuan-Guizhou area?
This is another cycle.
In the eleventh century, Anawrahta, a heroic leader of the Bagan dynasty, led an army to invade the country of the Mon people and quickly conquered it. Then he sent his troops northward, and the Dai people surrendered one after another. Then he conquered the Rakhine tribes in the west and conquered them.
Conquests are included in the scope of domination.
Since the Bagan dynasty was founded by the Burmese people who were very different from other indigenous peoples and also enslaved other ethnic groups, it has always been troubled by the rebellions of the Mon, Dai, Arakan and other ethnic groups. Just as the Bagan dynasty was struggling with these rebellions,
The Mongol army came to the city and the Mongols conquered the country.
After the Mongolian army conquered the Bagan Dynasty, they withdrew to Yunnan because they could not adapt to the climate. After the Bagan Dynasty was destroyed by the Mongols, its vitality was severely damaged. Other ethnic groups that had been enslaved by the Burmese began to stand on their own. In the end, the Bagan Dynasty was over, and Myanmar entered the Three Kingdoms.
era. And the most important thing is that after this, China's attitude towards the Myanmar region also changed. From the previous foreign country to the southwestern barbarians, they were treated like chieftains. Therefore, in the subsequent Ming-Burma War, the Ming Dynasty did not treat it as a foreign country.
The invasion was only treated as a large-scale chieftain rebellion.
After that, the Ava Dynasty rose and became the most powerful country in Myanmar, and submitted to the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty until it was completely defeated by Sun Kewang.
The main power of the Ava Dynasty was concentrated in the Upper Myanmar region, and it was beyond the reach of Lower Myanmar. The local feudal lords and tribes did not have much loyalty to the Ava Dynasty.
Now Sun Kewang leads 70,000 soldiers, 20,000 militiamen, and 300,000 soldiers and horses from the old camp. His strength has completely overwhelmed the indigenous forces in Upper Burma.
Sun Kewang's policy focused on winning over the Mon, Rakhine and Dai tribes that had historically been hostile to the Burmese.
The Rakhine and Mon ethnic groups, who had a history of enmity with the Bamar people, were both massacred during the era of the rise of the Bamar people, and the hatred between the two sides was deep.
Now the Burmese tribes have suffered a heavy blow from Sun Kewang. Therefore, the Mon, Rakhine and Dai tribes all formed an alliance with the Ming army, consolidating the short-lived rule of the Later Western Ming Dynasty.
The only headache for Sun Kewang was the too fierce resistance from the monks and Buddhists.
But the destruction of Buddhist temples is a national policy that Sun Kewang has long established. Sun Kewang needs to use the wealth of Buddhist temples to bribe the Mon, Rakhine and Dai tribes to support him. He also needs to show his identity as the guardian of the Catholic faith in front of the Portuguese in order to obtain
More support from Western colonists and adventurers.
Sun Kewang had even established communications with the Dutch in Malacca, and he became more and more aware of the power of Europeans at sea.
Even because of this, Sun Kewang, under the influence of several Dutch advisors, once had the intention of converting to Protestantism.
However, foreign wars and internal suppression slowed down Sun Kewang's establishment of a solid rule in Myanmar, and ultimately led to the post-Western Ming court's failure to gain a firm foothold in Southeast Asia.
After Li Dingguo was demoted, the Shun Dynasty also adopted some diplomatic means to pursue the remnants of the Ming army. For example, it asked Siam and other countries to march into Myanmar, or called on the Burmese tribes and feudal lords to assist the Shun army in fighting.
These measures put a lot of military pressure on the post-Ming Dynasty regime. Sun Kewang later fell into the trouble of dealing with Siamese robbery and Burmese rebellion, and was unable to establish a strict camp rule in Burma like that in Sichuan and Yunnan.
But this has had a very unexpected impact on Sun Kewang's future.
He gradually came to believe that Burma was so difficult to control, and learned about the rich scene of the Bengal Delta from the Portuguese and Dutch.
Sun Kewang ordered Secretary Jin Bao to consult the historical records of Tianzhu since the Tang Dynasty, and gradually developed the impression that India was densely populated and wealthy, comparable to China.
At this time, India was under the rule of the Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire was at its peak, with hundreds of thousands of troops. It was a hegemonic force similar to the Shun Dynasty, and could not be challenged by the Ming army.
However, the Mughal Empire did not have deep influence in the Bengal Delta. There were many small countries in the area and the products were particularly rich.
According to the Macau Portuguese, the wealth of the Bengal Delta is no less than that of Guangdong, which naturally makes Sun Kewang particularly jealous.
After that, Manipur, a small country in Bangladesh, took advantage of the Burmese defeat by Sun Kewang and invaded Upper Burma. Instead, it was counterattacked by the Ming army.
Bai Wenxuan pursued the invading army of Manipur all the way to Bangladesh and achieved a great victory, capturing tens of thousands of men and women and thousands of cattle and horses.
After Bai Wenxuan returned to Huitian Mansion, he reported the situation to the Ming Dynasty. He believed that Bengal was far away and beyond the reach of the Shun army. However, there were many small countries in the area with weak military strength but rich products. There were many Christian settlements along the coast.
Trade strongholds can help the Ming army gain a foothold and are truly a God-given foundation for restoring the country.
Therefore, Sun Kewang strengthened his confidence to invade India from Burma and develop. He seized the time to recruit Chinese, train the army, and implemented many very short-sighted profit-making policies in Burma. Apparently, he had given up on the long-term occupation of Burma.