During the Dashun Dynasty, the country was extremely upright and the government organization and construction of grassroots civil society was unprecedentedly perfect. Therefore, the court's self-confidence was unprecedentedly strong and it did not prohibit various folk associations.
Due to the needs of the war, although the Manchus no longer became an imminent threat after the Liao War, the Mongolian tribes outside the Hetao still often went south to invade the interior. The Junggar tribes who were rising in the western Moxi took advantage of the opportunity.
The disintegration and vacuum of the power structure of the various tribes in Eastern Mongolia led to a large-scale westward expansion.
The threat of war has never subsided.
Under such a situation, in order to raise the needs of cavalry, the imperial court has issued many edicts allowing and encouraging private horse breeding.
At the same time, after consolidating its rule over Hetao and Qinghai, the Dashun Army also established government-run horse farms there. Similarly, after the Liao Dynasty, the Shun Army occupied the Maolianwei area, in order to avoid another Manchurian attack in the Northeast.
With the rise of local powers, the Shun Dynasty was particularly careful in ruling the Northeast, and the Maolian Ranch was also strictly and completely controlled.
In the northeastern area, Western Liaoning and Eastern Liaoning were merged into the province of Liaoning, and organizational systems such as Jiedu Envoy, Observation Envoy, Interview Envoy, Camping Envoy, etc. were established, and the system of counties and counties since the Ming Dynasty was restored.
During the rule of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of people in the pass were taken captive and sent to Liao Dynasty as slaves.
For this group of common people, the Shun Dynasty granted travel expenses according to their resources, and the government organized activities to return to their hometowns.
People who were willing to stay outside the customs and continue to live were granted allotments of land and houses so that they could live and work in peace and contentment. Of course, the sources of the allotments and houses came from the hands of the powerful and powerful people of the Qing Dynasty who had confiscated them.
After years of war and the wave of refugees returning home, the population of Liaoning Province has been greatly reduced. Although it has not reached the point where ten houses and nine empty houses are empty, compared with the situation in the heyday of Wanli, the population density has been reduced by more than several times.
For this reason, Shunchao had to continue to organize large-scale immigration activities.
In the past few years, Dashun mainly migrated people from Henan Province to replenish the Jifu area that was systematically destroyed when the Qing army withdrew. Now, large-scale immigration activities were organized by the government from Shandong Province. Within a year
That is to say, more than 100,000 people immigrated.
In order to allow these people to live and work in peace and contentment, not only were they given more land and houses, but a large number of military camps and farms were set up along the border wall to protect the border and prevent the remaining tribes of Mongolia and Manchuria from invading the interior.
At the same time, in the fifth year of Tianfa and the sixth year of Tianfa, the Shun army continued to carry out further Liting military operations in the northeastern region. The army attacked the two border lines of the northwest and northeast, crossing the Songhua River and as far away as Heilongjiang. A large number of
They searched for the Mongolian, Manchu and Sauron tribes operating in the area, and obtained a total of more than 50,000 tribesmen. The rear was intimidated by sword armor and slowly marched southward.
These tribesmen of various ethnic groups in the Northeast who were captured by the expeditionary force and returned to the interior were later resettled to live near Beijing, Tianjin and Zhangjiakou, forming a minority force similar to the Ming Dynasty officials. Many of these tribesmen later
They all joined the Dashun army and played a big role in the Junggar War of the Shizu Dynasty.
In the sixth year of Tianfa, after Liu Fangliang returned triumphantly from Heilongjiang, the imperial court established two more governor-general districts, namely Heilongjiang and Jilin, outside the Liaodong border wall. From then on, the governor-general system of Shun Dynasty was launched.
The jurisdictions of Heilongjiang and Jilin were both under the direct control of the Liaoning Governor. Important administrative officials at lower levels were directly appointed by the imperial court and were not responsible to the governor.
The governor has real power, but it is difficult to say how big or small it is, and the boundaries are difficult to determine.
The power that the governor-general controlled by the military and government was subject to numerous restrictions from the imperial court. The imperial court and Liaoning were always giving instructions and adjusting the system design. There were endless edicts from the imperial court, many of which did not conform to the reality of the governor-general's jurisdiction, but the governor-general also
We can only think of ways to implement it.
At the same time, the imperial court was heavily guarded against governors, carefully managing their terms of office, and only selected the most trusted people for the post, often from southerners far away from the northeast.
The governor has many powers and a wide scope, but because the boundaries of his powers are not clear, he is almost always restricted by other yamen. Liu Zhongtai, a civil servant who once served as the governor of Jilin, once complained that "the governor outside the pass is responsible for the internal control, observation, interviews, and camp field."
"Essential responsibilities", military affairs, judicial affairs, taxation work, handling tribal issues, and military preparations all need to be taken care of by oneself. However, these tasks often overlap with other yamen offices, and they need to follow the guidance of the court at any time.
In general, it was the decentralization and interlacing of power that left the governors without the strength to rebel. They must and could only find a balance between the imperial court and the various government agencies in the governor's jurisdiction, and act as checks and balances and intermediaries.
In the history of the Shun Dynasty, strictly speaking, there were no "rebellious" governors. The only rebellious governor was the last governor of Qingqiu Prefecture. He found that Qingqiu, except for a few big cities, supported the independence movement.
After the military officer corps advocated the republic plan, they decided to agree with the independence advocates and signed an independence treaty, and thus became a member of the Qingqiu Republic Constitution and Political Hall meeting.
In the many years that followed, this governor's office system quickly expanded to half the globe, establishing an institutional guarantee for the great expansion of the Shizu Dynasty.
In an era before the invention of airplanes, telegraphs, steamships and trains, although this system caused serious corruption among many governors, it also ensured the stability and tranquility of the overseas territories of the Shun Dynasty and contributed to the long-term governance of Shizu and Xiaozong.
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Along with the reform of overseas governors' jurisdictions, a large number of rebellions were caused during the provincial reform process, which eventually caused the collapse of the Shun Dynasty's overseas imperial system. In a sense, it also created an opportunity for the first republican revolution.
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But that will be hundreds of years later!
At least during the reign of Emperor Shizu, the Dudufu system was still operating in an orderly manner, and immigration activities for Liaoning Province, Jilin, and Heilongjiang Dudufu areas, as well as the later established Lelang Dudufu area, were also proceeding rapidly.
This large-scale immigration movement greatly eased the contradiction between people and land in the Guan area, making Shunchu's political clarity and local stability sustainable for a longer period of time.
In addition, the alleviation of the conflict between man and land in the Guannei region has had a certain impact on land development and immigration in the Northeast and Hetao areas, and has also had a certain impact on the continued decline in land prices in the Guannei region.
The continuous decline in land prices, as well as the many reforms that abolished the two to the Yuan, also contributed to the outbreak of the price revolution - rising commodity prices and long-term decline in land prices. At the same time, the long-term immigration real-border movement also caused the continuous rise in wages of hired workers.
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A new era is knocking on the door invisibly.
The haze of war gradually fades away, the east becomes white, and the roads naturally lead in different directions.