Although the number of the Ming army was small, they were in a foreign country thousands of miles away, and they were all veterans who had experienced successive wars since the late Ming Dynasty. Their soldiers were refined and their fighting spirit was strong, and they swept across northern India in one fell swoop.
Sun Kewang even sent Dou Mingwang to lead his army into Afghanistan, where he recruited a large number of brave and capable cavalry and organized them into three thousand battalions to supplement the Ming army's cavalry weakness.
Sun Kewang is a Christian, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Emperor Zhu Youlang and the Young Heavenly King, the nominal leaders of the Daimeer Empire, are also Christians. In North India, there are a large number of Sikhs and Hindus living together, creating ethnic barriers and religious oppression.
,everywhere.
All this made Sun Kewang very worried, and he felt that although Tianzhu was rich, it was far more difficult to govern properly than Burma.
What's more, when the Ming army was in Myanmar, they burned Buddhist temples and attacked and exterminated tribes. They had no intention of staying there for a long time.
Now in India, Sun Kewang has been entrenched for a long time and is considered as the basis for the resurgence of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, it is absolutely impossible to continue to implement the torture and plunder policy during the Burmese camp period.
To this end, Sun Kewang took advantage of the power of victory to adopt a highly centralized and enlightened autocratic monarchy, and implemented a series of administrative, economic, judicial, military, religious and other reforms.
Sun Ke hoped to recruit Hindus to join the ruling class and take charge of military and political affairs to resolve conflicts between religions, and use their power to suppress the forces of the returning princes of the Mughal Empire who resisted the Ming army.
He established a judicial system, set up courts in every province and county, and even tried his best to arrange people in every village to handle local judicial matters. The authority of Islamic law, or the power of local clan customary laws in India, was greatly weakened.
Due to more just laws, bandits have become rarer due to strengthened local control.
The Daimier Empire continued the method of skinning and stripping corrupt officials during the camp period. Sun Kewang ordered severe punishment for corruption and never allowed local governments to enrich themselves. Because of his effective anti-corruption, he was able to reduce the exploitation of the people. After measuring the land, he
The tax can be paid in currency or in kind, but it is stipulated that the land tax must not exceed one-fourth of the harvest.
In order to consolidate his rule over the newly occupied places and to closely connect the huge empire, Sun Ke hoped to develop transportation, transportation and post stations, build roads extensively like Zhu Yuanzhang, restore the system like the early Ming Dynasty, and spread the post posts throughout the territory.
Trees are widely planted on both sides of the avenue to bring shade to pedestrians, and there are many inns and hotels for passers-by to rest.
Although Sun Kewang was a Christian, he was more tolerant towards Hindus, the largest population in India, than the Hui rulers in the past.
This kind of generous and broad-minded rule was unprecedented in ancient India, which was full of estrangements and divisions. In just a few years of his rule, Sun Kewang made Northern India politically harmonious and prosperous.
The Demir Empire completely abolished the tax collector system of the Mughal Empire, reemployed a large number of Hindus as tax collectors, and nationalized all the fiefdoms returned to the princes as much as possible, and paid them generous salaries.
In view of Xiying's historical experience in implementing the farming system in Sichuan and Yunnan regions, Sun Kewang carried out far-reaching land system reforms in North India.
He appointed Prime Minister Wang Shangli, Minister of Field Affairs of eight provinces, established a unified weights and measures system, and then began to measure the country's land, divided the land into four levels according to the degree of fertility, and stipulated the tax standards for each level of land. The total tax revenue decreased.
, but due to the corresponding reduction in expenditures, the government's net income can remain unchanged. These measures have reduced the burden on farmers to varying degrees and promoted economic development.
Then Sun Kewang ordered the capital to be moved from Agra, the old capital of the Mughal Empire, where the Hui princes were powerful, to Futianfu, a newly built new city near Delhi.
On the remains of the Mughal Empire, Sun Kewang completely reformed administrative planning, imitated the provincial system of the Ming Dynasty, and established a new territory of two capitals and eight provinces:
The new capital built near Delhi was called Futianfu in Beijing, and Agra, the former capital of the Mughal Empire, was called Xingtianfu in Nanjing;
Then Lahore (Upper River Province), Multan (Lower River Province), Delhi (Tianzhu Province), Agra (West River Province), Awadh (Hebei Province), Allahabad (Eastern Province)
Hejian Province), Bihar (Shannan Province), and Bengal (Jiangzhou Province), a total of eight provinces.
Soon after Dou Mingwang succeeded in recruiting tribal cavalry in Afghanistan, Sun Kewang sent troops to occupy Kabul and established the Afghanistan (Shanbei) Xuanwei Department.
Sun Kewang himself was in the war to suppress the Rajputs. When he attacked the Kalinyar fortress of the Rajputs, although he won a victory, he died due to the explosion of an artillery gun.
This also interrupted Sun Kewang's process of usurping the throne. During the crusade against the Rajputs, Sun Kewang had actually begun to abolish the status of the Ming Emperor and the Young Heavenly King.
However, his unexpected death made the theory of usurping the throne come to naught. Sun Zhengqi, the second-generation Dongwang who succeeded Sun Kewang as Dongwang, followed Jinbao's suggestion and decided to change his name to Dongwangsha according to the local Indian tradition.
Dong Wangsha held a famous religious seminar in Delhi (Futianfu), where learned Muslim scholars, Brahmins, Hindu materialists, Christians, Jains, Buddhists, Jews and Zoroastrians gathered
Take turns speaking at each event.
Sun Zhengqi encouraged them to speak freely and listen to opinions widely. In the end, he decided to follow the traditions of Islam and Christianity and regard Emperor Ming and King Youtian as the nominal religious leaders, and he would take charge of all the military and political power of the Daimeer Empire in the name of Dongwangsha.
After stabilizing the internal affairs and establishing a solid Dongwangsha system, Sun Zhengqi sent Feng Shuangli south to defeat the Rajputs again, avenge Sun Kewang, and established the Rajput (Monan) Declaration in the Rajput area.
Wei Si adopted a policy of restraint against the local rebellious princes.
In this way, through the efforts of Sun Kewang and Sun Zhengqi's father and son, the Ming Dynasty finally achieved a true renaissance in northern India, and soon relied on the policy of religious tolerance and advanced military and administrative organization and technology to spread throughout India.
It expanded rapidly, and by the time of the third generation of Dongwangsha, it basically unified the entire territory of India.
Europeans discovered the southern route of the Indian Ocean in the mid-16th century. Compared with the routes of their predecessors, European merchant ships could now sail past the Cape of Good Hope and drift directly in the westerly winds to reach Java and the Spice Islands along the coast of Australia without anchoring on the coasts of East Africa and India.
By the middle of the 17th century, this picture formed in the Indian Ocean: the "main line" route in the southern ocean almost belonged to European Galen ships, and coastal trade was still carried out by merchant ships from countries along the Indian Ocean.
Mediterranean trade experienced several ups and downs in the 16th century, but the historical process was still unstoppable. Between 1580 and 1600, Mediterranean trade finally declined.
The overland trade routes, because their destinations were completely different, had not yet been directly impacted. The Demier Empire quickly revived the Afghan trade routes, allowing the city of Kabul to continue to retain its status as a commercial hub.