Liu Fangliang's Western Expedition to the Tianshan Mountains was the beginning of the Shun Dynasty's political borrowing from the people. It is said that the person behind this loan was the prince's young master Gu Junen. Therefore, when the Western Expedition scandal broke out, the court was unable to thoroughly investigate and investigate.
The case can only be left alone.
The operation of the Western Expedition loan handled by Gu Junen and Liu Fangliang was very complicated.
They borrowed money from private bank accounts, and the handlers as representatives stepped in and obtained huge commissions. At that time, the interest charged by private bank accounts was about 10% per year, but when Gu Junen reported it to the court, he was quoted 10% of the interest.
One to two.
Later, Gu Junen increased the annual interest rate to 15% with the words that the Quanrichang banknote number "guaranteed real silver".
During the Western Expedition to the Junggar Tribe and the subsequent series of campaigns to pacify the Western Regions and conquer the Kazakh Sanyuzi, Gu Junen's private loans amounted to approximately 15 million silver dollars, for which the imperial court had to pay as much as 5 million silver dollars.
Interest.
Half of this, a huge sum of more than two million yuan, went into Gu Junen's private pockets as commissions.
This kind of corruption has attracted the attention of many people. It is said that Long Yiwei once received Fang Yiren's instruction to investigate the matter, but in the end the investigation was suddenly ended because of Fang Yiren's wishes.
It was not until later that a private bank account went bankrupt and some newspapers exposed the account books leaked when it went bankrupt, that a series of Western Expedition scandals were implicated.
It's just that there were too many participants in this fraud case, and it even involved Gu Junen, Liu Fangliang and other founding fathers, so naturally it had to be left alone.
Gu Junen and Liu Fangliang were both pillars of the country. They fought for the imperial court in the east and west and restored the old territory. They were indeed irreplaceable. Therefore, although the imperial court was well aware of the misdeeds of their subordinates, they could only turn a blind eye.
However, the emperor therefore made up his mind to vigorously implement the policies of the state-owned banks, and decided to forcefully launch the reform of the paper currency system again in order to solve the financial problems.
The monetary reserves for the paper currency reform were solved this time due to the development of Jinshan in Qingqiu Prefecture. A large amount of precious metals from the New World flowed into the mainland, becoming a strong backing for the imperial court to reissue "official tickets".
The precious metal minerals in Qingqiu Prefecture are mainly gold, with a smaller amount of silver. Therefore, the imperial court is naturally determined to use the gold standard as the base color of the new banknotes. For this reason, Li Laiheng issued a series of restrictions on the use of silver ingots and silver coins before the banknote reform.
At the same time, the Dibao under the control of the imperial court also spread the news that a huge silver mine had been discovered in Luzon. The price of silver had been falling rapidly for three consecutive years before the paper currency reform.
During the decline in silver prices, the imperial court absorbed tens of millions of taels of cash year by year, ensuring its ability to control market silver prices during subsequent banknote reforms.
The issuing authority of banknotes is the household government banknotes. Other private banks and banknotes issued by banknotes in various names in the past will all be recovered by the imperial court, and their issuance will be completely banned from now on.
The power to issue banknotes was completely concentrated in the hands of the imperial court, and the reserve fund was supported by the proceeds from the development of Jinshan in Qingqiu Prefecture and the silver absorbed when the silver price fell in the previous three years.
Li Laiheng did not prohibit the private sector from continuing to use silver taels or silver dollars for transactions. The court continued to accept precious metal currencies when collecting taxes. Even when officials and soldiers were given salary and military pay, they were often free to choose whether to accept precious metal currencies or banknotes.
Therefore, although the paper currency reform had already begun in the 1930s, in order to ensure the stability of private prices, the imperial court adopted a relatively gentle promotion policy. It took about seven or eight years before the people began to generally accept the use of paper money.
trade.
In terms of the overall effect, due to the imperial court's sufficient preparations and the gold reserves provided by the development of Jinshan in Qingqiu Prefecture, the paper currency reform was very successful. It not only unified the domestic currency, but also placed the control of currency issuance in the hands of the imperial court.
Domestic silver and other hard currencies were therefore concentrated in the hands of the imperial court.
The financial crisis since the Peace War was completely resolved. By the 40th year of Tianfa, Dashun's fiscal revenue had surged year after year, reaching as much as 300 million yuan in official votes.
In addition to the seigniorage brought about by the paper currency reform, a large part of this was due to Dashun's profitable overseas expansion.
Although Dashun's large-scale expansion in the Western Regions, such as the establishment of a province in Shuofang, the establishment of the Anbei Metropolitan Governor's Office to govern the Mobei region, and the strong control and governance of the Western Regions, they were basically loss-making, and the financial deficit was extremely large.
huge.
However, Dashun's expansion in Guandong, Korea and Japan was profitable. Needless to say the expansion in Guandong, Liaodong returned to the territory after Wanli, and Heilongjiang, Jilin and other places also experienced large-scale immigration and reclamation movements.
The Shun Dynasty brought in millions of yuan in official ticket income every year.
After North Korea was transformed into the two governor's offices of Lelang and Ungjin, after more than ten years of reconstruction, it can be said that everything was restored, and it also brought more than 2 million yuan in annual income to Shun Dynasty every year.
While chasing down Manchu pirates, the Shun Army first used Nagasaki as a leased territory, and then slowly expanded their power by buying off daimyo feudal lords from all over Kyushu Island, and finally reached the point of full-scale war with the Tokugawa Shogunate.
In order to conquer Japan, Dashun successively invested a huge military expenditure of about 100 million yuan. In the early days of occupying Japan, although the indirect rule method of relying on the daimyo for entrusted management was adopted, the Shun Dynasty still lost about 10 million yuan in air force expenses every year.
But the benefits brought by occupying Japan are far greater than the loss of 10 million yuan in military expenditures a year.
Dashun thus completely monopolized maritime trade in the Western Pacific, so that the entire Pacific Ocean from the East Asian continent to the west coast of the New World was under the control of the Dashun Dynasty.
The increase in customs duties brought about by this alone exceeds 8 million yuan. As for the tribute taxes from other appointed daimyo, as well as the fiscal revenue brought by cities directly under the jurisdiction of the army such as Nagasaki, and the customs duties in the Yingzhou area
Taken together, it can bring a total increase of more than 15 million yuan in revenue to Shun Chao.
After Xiaozong succeeded to the throne, the Shun Dynasty ended the aggressive foreign expansion policy of the Sejo period, and the territory entered a period of stability. After financial consolidation, the Shun Dynasty's total fiscal revenue was 460 million yuan.
In addition to the increase in land tax revenue due to territorial expansion and the proliferation of people, the increase in fiscal revenue, for example, in terms of industrial and commercial taxes, the salt tax has increased by more than 10 million yuan after the reform and consolidation; the same is true for tea tax, and tea tax
Also due to the increase in exports, the growth rate is even greater.
In addition, in the late Sezu Dynasty, as the imperial court began to operate a large number of state-owned enterprises and factories, official income also became a major financial pillar.
When the finances were sorted out in the early years of the Xiaozong Dynasty, the court discovered that land tax revenue had dropped from 51% in the middle of the Shizu Dynasty to 16%; salt tax revenue had increased from 9% in the middle of the Shizu Dynasty to 11%; customs duty revenue had increased the most
Astonishingly, it increased from 9% in Shizu Dynasty to 28%.
The growth of the rest of the industrial and commercial miscellaneous taxes and official income is also very alarming. In the early years of the Xiaozong Dynasty, due to a large reduction in military expenditures, large-scale tax reductions were implemented for six consecutive years based on this budget plan.
After the tax reduction, business prospered, and the imperial court's annual income remained at more than 400 million yuan. It is surprising that the state had sufficient supplies.