Zhang Shou has always had a lot of whys, and the students of Jiuzhang Hall and Banshan Hall are all aware of it. Sometimes when you are already confused when you are listening to those difficult contents, people will suddenly throw out a bunch of whys, which makes you confused.
You were caught off guard and were confused for a long time. And the most annoying thing is that after the why, Zhang Shou was mostly not responsible for answering, but let you go back and think about it yourself!
Sometimes, Zhang Shou would mercifully answer them in class after they had thought about it for several days but still couldn't figure it out. But more often than not, he just continued to guide them and let them continue to think and ponder. Use
Zhang Shouchang said that the magic and mystery of the world cannot be answered by others, but by asking why when nothing happens, and then thinking about it and understanding it.
However, in today's situation, Zhang Shou wouldn't still play tricks on others in such a bad way, would he?
Lu Sanlang was in a state of confusion and was very uncertain. He could only hope that the third prince and the fourth prince brothers would be more supportive and not let those below continue to think on their own. As expected, the third prince, as a diligent and studious Crown Prince, really wanted to do this at this time.
He was trying to figure out the reason carefully, but the fourth prince, a naughty boy, asked directly without any scruples.
"Then teacher, do you know why this is?"
Seeing that the audience was completely silent, the faces of many scholars were either dumbfounded or confused. Chief Yue Shan originally planned to raise the subject himself and ask for advice, but he did not expect that the fourth prince actually grabbed him again, so he sat down leisurely.
You know, as the headmaster of Zhaoming Academy, he is involved in a lot of miscellaneous knowledge, but although he has noticed many phenomena, he is still unable to explain the truth.
If Zhang Shou really has many, many teachers as he said, then if he dares to start with such a topic in front of so many astronomical and mathematical talents and people from all over the country, then he will definitely be able to give a reasonable answer. Otherwise.
Isn't that just kidding?
Zhang Shou did not answer the fourth prince's question immediately, but continued to ask: "Why do gold and iron stones sink to the bottom when they are put into water? Why do some woods float on the water and some sink to the bottom? Why does oil, which is also a liquid, sink?
Mercury floats on the water, but mercury sinks to the bottom?”
After another three whys, he saw that there was already a commotion among the people below, as if some people were saying that this is common sense in the world, and there is nothing to explore. He calmly said: "Don't think that these are everywhere.
It can be seen that it is a phenomenon that has always been considered commonplace. It is not surprising. The truth of the world is actually hidden in what we see every day."
"You know, when I solved the Jiuzhangtang plaque that contained Emperor Taizu's hand scroll in public in the past, the principle was similar to this."
"The sinking and floating of objects on the water surface or other liquids depends on the density of these objects and liquids. Liquids such as pure water, salt water, and oil also have their own densities. Therefore, objects with high density have their own densities.
A liquid with a low density will sink to the bottom, while an object or liquid with a low density will float on the surface in a liquid with a high density."
"And if the density of the object and the liquid are almost the same, then it is very likely that it will be completely immersed in the water, but it will not sink to the bottom, but will be suspended in the middle of the water. Of course, if anyone still thinks this is a magic trick,
Then after you go back, you can verify it carefully. Just add salt little by little and dissolve it, and you should be able to verify not only the suspension, but also the floating."
After dropping another bombshell, Zhang Shou saw that many people were eager to try it. It was obvious that he really planned to verify this extremely simple experiment when he went back. He continued with a smile: "Now, let's continue talking about density.
What is density, the mass of an object per unit volume, that is density. And is something like density useful in real life?"
"The answer is simple and of course useful. Not to mention that when coining coins, the proportion of copper is often too low and the coins are too light, making it difficult for the people to trust them. However, if the proportion of copper is too heavy, the burden on the court will be heavy and the miners will have to pay too much.
The workload is even greater, and if the density is well controlled, not only copper coins can be minted, but silver coins and even gold coins can be minted."
"Of course, money is the most important weapon of the country. Today we will not talk about this. We will talk about another thing, that is, measuring tools."
As Zhang Shou spoke, he glanced at the third prince beside him who was listening extremely attentively, and then continued calmly.
"Ancestors once invented measuring tools for weighing rice, flour, millet, sorghum and other food crops, such as dendrobium, bucket, sheng, he, and spoon. To this day, these measuring tools are still used by the imperial court to collect taxes, and even landlords to collect rent, and common people
Proof of buying grain, etc. Are these measuring tools used to measure the weight of rice and noodles? No, these measuring tools actually measure the volume of various grains."
"In other words, using measuring tools to weigh grain is completely different from using scales to weigh pork, mutton, etc. in the market."
"His Royal Highness the Crown Prince once asked a question about farming in the examination questions for the East Palace attendants. I think this news should have been spread by now. At this moment, there should be no more questions about what Dendrobium, Dou, and Sheng are.
He, spoon, and how are these measuring tools used to weigh grain?"
He paused for a moment and saw some people smiling knowingly, while others were hiding the confusion on their faces. He knew that among these scholars who devoted themselves to reading books about sages, there were probably many people who had never seen Sheng Dou.
, couldn’t help but smile at the moment.
"Measuring tools were originally an official system, but when they get into the hands of some evil-minded people, they often come up with their own set of things, such as big and small buckets. The big buckets are collected and the small buckets are sold to make profits. Today I will not
When I talk about this, I only want to talk about another technique, which is the so-called "Linjian kicking Dendrobium". I would like to ask, does anyone know what these four words mean? "
The third prince suddenly frowned, but he couldn't think of anything at all. He was not even sure which words these four words were. There was a buzz of discussion below, although most people tried their best to keep their expressions.
Calm, but the erratic look in his eyes showed that some people, like him, had heard these four words for the first time, and some people might know the tricks in it.
Thinking of this, he had no intention of just being an observer today and immediately asked: "The teacher asked, "Is it true that no one knows what it means?"
Seeing that there was still no response, he simply laughed to himself and said: "It seems that you would rather let me be an ignorant person?"
As soon as he finished speaking, the third prince saw a young man standing below him suddenly stood up and said loudly: "Reporting to His Majesty the Crown Prince, the so-called kicking of dendrobium with dripping tip is a bad policy used by tax collectors when collecting grain! The common people carry the grain and hand it in.
At that time, the government did not use shengdou for weighing, but used dendrobium. The so-called dendrobium is a measuring tool that can hold five buckets of grain!"
The fourth prince discovered that he actually recognized the person. Fang Qing, who had once questioned his third brother's problem-solving skills in Jiuzhang Hall of the Imperial Academy, and was later left in Zhang Yuan by Zhang Shou, did not care that this was in public and hurriedly
He whispered in the ear of the third prince and reminded him again. The third prince immediately burst into laughter. Do you still need to explain? It’s not like I don’t recognize him!
Fang Qing stood up and revealed the matter in anger. Although he noticed that Song Juren was pulling at the corner of his clothes, he ignored it. After all, when he had not yet achieved fame, his family was exploited like this. Later,
It is better to pay less if you have fame and fame.
"Theoretically, one bushel is equivalent to five buckets of grain, which should be loaded evenly to the mouth of Hunkou. However, in order to save more losses, subordinate officials often ask the people to continue loading grain after the level is leveled, until the grain piles up at the mouth of Hunkou.
Until it reaches the tip. This is called pouring the tip."
"But if it's just like this, even if it's bad government, it can still be regarded as storing grain for the country. However, these subordinates often have a more powerful trick, which is to kick the stems. You know, stems are laid flat on the ground.
, once you get wet and kick it, a lot of food will naturally fall down, which you can blatantly regard as loss and enrich your own pockets!"
"There are those with darker hearts who, in order to collect more grain, will kick out the dendrobium and make the people wet again. After it is collected in the warehouse, they will be re-weighed according to the average dendrobium..."
As Fang Qing said this vividly, the third prince's expression finally changed. He never imagined that collecting taxes and grains for a small amount could lead to so many achievements. Seeing Fang Qing sit down like this, he couldn't help but sigh.
Zhang Shou asked: "What the teacher just said about rinsing and kicking dendrobium, is this the same thing?"
"Yes, but not entirely. What I just wanted to say is that there is another point hidden in Linjiankihu."
Zhang Shou smiled nonchalantly, and then clapped his hands gently. Not long after, Ah Liu was seen walking over with a dendrobium in one hand and two rice bags in the other, and then put the things on Zhang Shou.
Next to Shou. However, when there was a muffled thud, everyone below realized how heavy these two things were.
"The two bags are filled with official dendrobium, which is five buckets, which is half a stone of millet. Now, Ah Liu, you can put it in this official dendrobium and show it to everyone."
Ah Liu always did what Zhang Shou said. He immediately untied the bag and lifted it up easily with one hand, then controlled the mouth of the bag and poured it into the big dendrobium.
Although everyone below could not see the specific situation, they could still hear the sound of millet pouring down. The fourth prince, who was watching attentively, couldn't help shouting: "Sixth brother, be careful, hurry up.
It’s almost full, don’t spill it!”
While looking at the millet pouring down, Ah Liu glanced at the shouting fourth prince with disdain. He wanted to say that when he was in Rongshui Village, he never relied on that unreliable guy like Old Liu Tou to collect land rent.
, it all depends on him. He is old at pouring grain into dendrobium trees, does he need to be reminded?
Sure enough, when he was approaching the mouth of the bag, he quietly closed the bag, and the grain fell much slower for a while. He cleverly adjusted his wrist and the direction of the bag, and in a short time, he poured out all the grains in the bag, and then wiped it with his hands.
At this time, the third prince and the fourth prince on the side saw that the millet was exactly level with the mouth of Hukou.
The fourth prince was no more reserved than the third prince. When he saw this, he immediately shouted: "Sixth brother is good at it, let's make it even!"
Seeing the testimony of the two brothers, Zhang Shou smiled and said: "This is a real dendrobium, which is half a stone of grain. Now, I'm not going to get wet. Ah Liu, give me a kick. Keep some of it for me."
Jin, don't kick it down, don't let any grains spill out, let alone break this official dendrobium!"
As soon as these words came out, Lu Sanlang, who was planning to fill in the gaps but couldn't find the chance, suddenly sweated. The fourth prince couldn't help but think of the sins his butt had suffered. For a moment, he just thought that Guan Hu was him, and hurriedly
He dodged directly behind his third brother. As for the other lecturers and the people below who came to listen to the lecture, they were stunned and stunned.
They have heard countless lectures when they grew up, but have they ever experienced such a unique lecture?
Although countless eyes fell on him, Ah Liu remained calm. He did not make too many preparations like the tax collectors in the government. He did not even take a step back, but casually raised his head.
His foot kicked on the official tree. The fourth prince even found that the official tree didn't even move. He couldn't help but widened his eyes and said: "Sixth brother, your kick is too light..." Could it be because?
Haven't you had enough to eat today?
Before he could finish his words, he was directly interrupted by the third prince: "Fourth brother, if you don't understand, don't yell blindly! With his kick, not a single grain of grain that was just level with Hukou was spilled, and in the end,
The important thing is, look at the millet in this official dendrobium!" The fourth prince was slightly startled, and when he looked inside again, his eyes widened: "Really, it seems to be missing all of a sudden!"
Although the people who came to attend the class with invitations today are indeed all scholars, so even the trick of kicking the stems with the tip of the shower is rarely known - otherwise, the limelight in front of His Royal Highness may not be the right one.
Qing, even if some people are worried that people will hate them if the news spreads, there has never been a shortage of gamblers in the world who dare to take a chance. However, no one expected this situation at this time.
At this moment, someone down below shouted: "Isn't it like this when using boxes and other boxes to pack things? It is obviously very full, but as long as you knock it and pat it, you can still pack it again!
"
"You're right, that's the truth!" Zhang Shou patted the podium and praised him as soon as he finished speaking. But after praising him, he changed his words and said, "But has anyone ever thought about this?
Why?"
Hearing the word "why" again, Lu Sanlang's scalp was already numb, and even the fourth prince was confused. The third prince had been trying to keep up with Zhang Shou's rhythm, and at this time he didn't notice that most of the others looked dumbfounded.
But he thought to himself and said thoughtfully: "Is it because after this kick, it's like pressing it with your hands, and the millet is tighter in the dendrobium?"
"It's almost the same principle. Millet is an irregular object, so if it falls in the middle of Dendrobium, there will often be gaps between the millet and the millet, so the volume it occupies will actually be relatively large. And with such a hard kick, the middle of Dendrobium will be
When the millet is subjected to a strong impact, the arrangement of each other will change, and the originally larger gaps will be filled. Since the gaps between them are reduced, then the millet that was originally flush with the mouth of Hukou will naturally appear
Not so full.”
"So, the same handful of millet has different weights. Measuring the approximate density of non-monolithic objects such as grains can be done like kicking the stalks repeatedly, and finally smoothing them out, but it can also just be done by pretending.
Calculate it once it's full. Then, weigh the grain and divide it by the volume of the grain. This is the density, but most of the time we can call it the bulk density."